冀东金厂峪金矿区钠长岩脉及青山口花岗岩体SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年及其意义

金厂峪金矿床是冀东最大的金矿床 ,具有早期复脉型和晚期石英大脉型两种矿石类型。矿区产有多期钠长岩脉 ,且与含金矿脉有密切的时间和空间关系。青山口花岗岩体位于矿区西约 2～ 3km,有研究者认为金矿床成因上与花岗岩体有关。应用先进的 SHRIMP测年技术 ,测得肉红色钠长岩脉的锆石 w (2 0 7Pb) / w (2 0 6Pb)年龄为 (185 8± 8) Ma,青山口花岗岩体锆石 w(2 0 6Pb) / w(2 3 8U )年龄为 (199± 2 ) Ma。金厂峪金矿床的的复脉型矿化早于肉红色钠长岩脉 ,故其矿化的时代应在晚元古代。青山口岩体的年龄和区域上与辉钼矿化有关的花岗岩年龄一致 ,均为燕山早期。推测金厂峪金矿床晚期石英大脉型矿化中的辉钼矿化可能与青山口花岗岩体有关 ,石英大脉型金矿化时代为中生代燕山期     

Modèle de formation du gisement d'argent d'Imiter (Anti-Atlas oriental,Maroc). Nouveaux apports de l'analyse structurale et minéralogique

Based on a combined geometrical and mineralogical analysis, a three-stage model of formation of the mineralized veins of the giant Imiter silver deposit (Anti-Atlas, Morocco) is herein proposed. A first episode is characterized by the development of quartz, pink dolomite and Ag-rich minerals veins formed during a dextral transpressive event. The second episode is associated with a normal left-lateral motion that re-opens previous structures, filled by pink dolomite gangue. Alteration stages contribute to a local Ag enrichment. To cite this article: J. Tuduri et al., C. R. Geoscience 338 (2005).     

Thermoluminescence spectra of igneous quartz and hydrothermal vein quartz

Variations in thermoluminescence spectra are reported for four types of geological quartz examined with a new spectrometer featuring dual imaging photon detectors that separately and simultaneously detect (1) uv-blue (200–450 nm) and (2) blue to near infrared (400–800 nm) emission. Samples show striking differences which appear to be characteristic of their geological origin. Volcanic quartz phenocrysts from acid volcanics show red thermoluminescence (TL) emission bands centered at 620–630 nm that are 100 times more intense than similar bands in other quartz, while a violet emission at 420–435 nm was observed exclusively in igneous quartz (volcanic and granitic). A broad emission band centered at 560–580 nm was observed only in quartz formed hydrothermally. Massive quartz from Li-rich pegmatite bodies shows narrow, intense 470 nm emission bands at 230° C apparently related to Al and to Ge defects detected with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and emission bands at 330 and 280 nm, possibly related to recombination at oxygen vacancies. The common 380 nm emission band of quartz was observed in both volcanic and granitic quartz, but was not detected in either the pegmatitic or the hydrothermal vein quartz. Observed spectral variation is identified as a potential source of error in luminescence dating.     

关于石英的阴极发光特征及其在砂岩研究中的应用

阴极发光现象,远在一百年前即由Crooks(1879)描述过。1968年,Sippel曾首次用阴极发光法成功地研究了砂岩.区分了碎屑石英与自生石英。1970年,他与Spencel将此种方法用于研究阿波罗11号太空船从月球采回的结晶岩和角砾岩。十年后,德国的Ul Zinkernagel因研究古生代石英砂岩遇到困难,遂援用Sippel的方法,得以详细地区分砂岩中不同来源的碎属石英颗粒,获得了较好的成果。有关阴极发光的原理与所用设备。在一些专著中均有介绍,Zinkernagel的报告中对于所用设备也有较详说明,可供参考。     

Fluid-controlled quartz recovery in granulite as revealed by cathodoluminescence and trace element analysis (Bamble sector,Norway)

Dispersed quartz veinlets in Proterozoic enderbitic charnockite from Tromøy, Bamble sector (southern Norway), with Ti-concentrations of mostly 80–180 ppm, produce bright blue cathodoluminescence (CL), against contrasting micro-textures of secondary pure quartz with low CL intensity. The textures comprise grain boundary alteration, healed micro-fractures, patches of secondary quartz, and euhedral quartz nuclei. The secondary quartz locally makes up 50% of the total quartz. Trace element analysis has been done by electron-probe micro-analysis (EPMA), laser-induced coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS), and additional electron-paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. These studies testify systematic trace element reduction and extensive quartz recovery during retrograde metamorphism. We assume healing of a part of the aqueous fluid inclusions during a late thermal event, possible correlated with Paleozoic magmatic activity in the Oslo-Rift. During final cooling, aqueous fluids were largely retrapped in patches of secondary quartz associated with healed fractures, whereas carbonic inclusions (without secondary quartz) may have survived retrograde metamorphism. The variable but generally high salinity of fluid inclusions is assumed to be in part the result of quartz recovery by which ion concentrations were increased in the percentage range.Editorial Responsibility: J. Touret     

Geology and petrography of the Nagar Parkar igneous complex,southeastern Sindh,Pakistan: The Kharsar body

Kharsar hill is one of many granitic plutons comprising the Nagar Parkar igneous complex. The eastern part of the hill is occupied by grey-pink granite (earlier) and the western part by pink granite (later). They are composed of perthite, quartz, and plagioclase, with minor opaque oxide, biotite, titanite, local amphibole, and secondary chlorite, epidote, leucoxene/titanite. The pink granite is characterized by the presence of mafic clots. Both the granitoids are intruded by microgranite/aplite, and porphyritic mafic and rhyolite dykes, locally in swarms. These are abundant in a NE trending 200 m wide zone cutting the entire granite hill. The dykes may extend over 1 km in length and >10 m in thickness, but most are < 100 m in length. The felsic dykes are of several generations; some are associated with the two varieties of granite, others are contemporaneous with the rhyolite and mafic dykes. The mafic dykes can be grouped into two types one of which contains hornblende and the other augite as the principal mafic mineral. Major element analyses suggest that the granitic rocks are metaluminous. The Kharsar granites, like the others in Nagar Parkar, may be an extension of the Malani igneous suite of Rajasthan. The occurrence of bimodal mafic-felsic dykes and petrographic variation in the mafic dykes are briefly discussed.     

一种长英黝帘石玉的岩石矿物学研究

采用X射线粉晶衍射、电子探针、化学分析法和傅立叶变换红外光谱等方法,对近来在北京珠宝市场上出现的一种粉白相间的玉石新品种进行了测试,全面分析了这种玉石的结构和成分,并根据硅酸盐体系的物质平衡原理,利用相混合计算(PMC)方法,估算了玉石中主要矿物的含量。结果表明,这种玉石中黝帘石含量占51.9%,钠长石占33.3%,石英14.4%,并含有少量的褐帘石、单斜辉石等矿物。样品中粉红色矿物的红外光谱最强峰位于1110～900cm-1范围内,为快速、方便地鉴定此种玉石提供了参考依据。     

Structure et caractérisation des matériaux utilisés dans la construction d'une mosaı̈que romaine de la cité de Volubilis (Maroc)

In Volubilis, Roman mosaics are very beautiful and reveal, from the bottom to the surface, three layers: (i) ‘hedgehog’ layer, (ii) coarse grain mortar layer (rudus + nucleus) and (iii) tesselatum. Mineralogical analysis of coarse grain mortar sampled in Flavius Germanus mosaic shows that it consisted of quartz and calcite, with some feldspar and probably mica and dolomite. Fine-grained mortar in tesselatum is made from a mixture of calcite and quartz only. Limestone tesserae (white, pink and brown) show petrographic facies that change from micritic to oolithic limestone. Conversely, black and brick red tesserae are respectively made of marble, red sandstone and from fire clay. Other colours as yellow, blue, green and grey are obtained from artificial glass with different chemical compositions. To cite this article: A. Dekayir et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).     

Petrology of the Pre-Cambrian Kolhan formations of Jhinkpani,Singhbhum district,Bihar

Pre-Cambrian Geology of an area of about 14 sq. miles has been investigated in this paper. The oldest rock is a very small patch of serpentinite, tentatively correlated with the huge ultrabasic body at Jojohatu, some 10 miles north. Granite and Newer dolerite are intrusive rocks of the area. Kolhan series, resting unconformably on Granite and showing facies variation from basal sandstone conglomerate to phyllitic shale through sandstone and impersistent limestone in a thickness of only a few tens of metres, is a shallow epicontinental deposit. Kolhan sandstone, rich in hematitic cement, is an argillaceous orthoquartzite practically devoid of feldspar and is very poor in heavy and accessory minerals. It is richly current bedded, immature, bimodal, fine grained, positively skewed and well sorted. Kolhan limestone is recrystallized micrite, its lower horizon is mostly high grade and contains pink calcite and quartz crystals in cavities. Its upper horizon is low grade, phyllitic and argillaceous and is partly metasomatic and exhibits contemporaneous deformation structures like hassock bedding and slickenside (slickolites?). Kolhan phyllitic shale exhibits effects of Singhbhum orogeny in development of cleavage and crumpling of foliation. Dirty green vug quartz contains abundant oriented microscopic chlorite inclusions. Non-metallic and metallic mineralization in Kolhans is represented by limestones, and local hematite-molybdenite and iron-rich manganese ore respectively.     

An X-ray excited optical luminescence study of a zoned quartz crystal from an emerald-bearing quartz vein,Hiddenite, North Carolina,USA

The optical luminescence excited with synchrotron radiation along a preferential orientation of a quartz crystal has been investigated. It is found that the crystal is composed of two distinct regions, only one of which luminesces upon X-ray excitation. This luminescence is generally uniform and exhibits emission bands in the blue (470 nm with a shoulder at 522 nm) and in the UV (340 nm) regions of the spectrum. The branching ratio for the intensity of these bands is sensitive to the excitation energy across the Si K-edge. XANES spectra collected by partial luminescence yield (PLY) suggest that both emission bands originate from the de-excitation of Si atoms in the quartz. The possible defect sites within the crystal structure that could account for the observed luminescence are investigated and discussed. Additional experiments are proposed to verify this assignment of the optical emission bands.     

Geology and geochemistry of the Mendejin plutonicrocks, Mianeh, Iran

The Mendejin pluton is located in the Mianeh area, NW Iran, 550 km from Tehran. This pluton is probably of Oligo-Miocene age and is the result of extensive magmatism which occurred during and after the Alpine Orogeny. Similar plutons are common in the Alborz–Azarbaijan structural zone of Iran, and it is likely that there are concealed plutons related to this extensive Cenozoic magmatism, but due to their youth and low rates of erosion they have not yet been exposed. The Mendejin pluton is a composite body made up of four types of plutonic rocks: pink tonalite, grey tonalite, diorite and aplite. The pink tonalite is porphyritic and contains phenocrysts of plagioclase, K-feldspar and hornblende in a groundmass consisting of quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar, hornblende, zircon, monazite, leucoxene, apatite and hematite. The grey porphyritic tonalite has more biotite, pyroxene and pyrite and less accessory phases compared with the pink tonalite. The diorite has a microporphyritic texture with phenocrysts of plagioclase, hornblende and augite. This rock also occurs as xenoliths in the Mendejin pluton. The aplitic dykes are the youngest magmatic products at Mendejin. The Mendejin tonalite contains more Cl, As, S, Cu, Ni and Zn than the global granite. These rocks are of I-type, peraluminous and calc-alkaline, with medium to high potassium, and were formed as part of a volcanic arc. The Mendejin pluton contains up to 8 ppb gold and could potentially have been the source of an economic gold deposit by leaching of Au from wall rocks and deposition in extensive hydrothermally altered marginal zones.     

Origin of the color in cobalt-doped quartz

Synthetic Co-doped quartz was grown hydrothermally in steel autoclaves at the Technological Center of Minas Gerais (CETEC), Brazil. The quartz samples, originally yellow in the as-grown state acquired blue coloration after prolonged heat treatment times at 500°C near the alpha–beta transition temperature. UV–VIS–NIR absorption spectroscopy shows the characteristic spectra of Co³⁺ before heat treatment. After heat treatment, the optical absorption spectrum is dominated by two split-triplet bands the first in the near infrared region centered at about 6,700 cm⁻¹ (1,490 nm) and the second in the visible spectral range at about 16,900 cm⁻¹ (590 nm). Both split-triplet bands are typical for Co²⁺ ions in tetrahedral coordination environments. From the absence of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra, we conclude that the Co²⁺ found in the optical absorption spectra of the blue quartz is not due to an isolated structural site in the quartz lattice. Instead, the blue color is associated with electronic transitions of Co²⁺ in small inclusions in which the Co site has tetrahedral symmetry. The non-observation of polarization-depend optical absorption spectra is also in agreement with this model. The results for Co²⁺ in quartz are different from Co-bearing spinel and staurolite and other silicates like orthopyroxene, olivine, and beryls. The formation process of the color center is discussed.     

Felsic dykes in the Neoproterozoic Nagar Parkar Igneous Complex,SE Sindh,Pakistan: geochemistry and tectonic settings

The Nagar Parkar Igneous Complex consists of Neoproterozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks dissected by mafic, felsic, and rhyolitic dykes. The latter can be classified broadly into porphyritic felsic dykes intruding gray and pink granites at Nagar Parkar and the surrounding areas, and the orthophyric felsic dykes intruding amphibolites, deformed pink granites, and the alkaline mafic dykes in the Dhedvero area, north of Nagar Parkar. The porphyritic felsic dykes are composed of perthites, quartz, and albitic plagioclase whereas the orthopheric felsic dykes contain K-feldspar (dominant), plagioclase, and minor quartz. Geochemically, the porphyritic and orthophyric felsic dykes are subalkaline and alkaline demonstrating post-orogenic A2- and OIB-A1-type characteristic on Nb–Y–Ce and Nb–Y–3Ga ternary plots, respectively. One orthophyric felsic dyke contains normative acmite and sodium metasilicate. This study suggests two distinct tectonic regimes for the origin of the felsic dykes of the area. The porphyritic felsic dykes show similarities with the ~800–700 Ma granites of the area, the rhyolite dykes of the Mount Abu, western Rajasthan in India, and the granites of the Seychelles microcontinent. The orthophyric felsic dykes show chemical resemblance with the Tavidar volcanic suite of western Rajasthan and the Silhouette and North islands of the Seychelles microcontinent. This study confirms spatial and temporal links among the Rodinian fragments exposed in the Nagar Parkar area of Pakistan, western Rajasthan of India, and the Seychelles microcontinent.     

Spectral Irradiance and Phytoplankton Community Composition in a Blackwater-Dominated Estuary,Winyah Bay,South Carolina,USA

We investigated spatial and temporal relationships between spectral irradiance and phytoplankton community composition in the blackwater-influenced estuary Winyah Bay, South Carolina. Upstream, high concentrations of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorbed blue wavelengths, resulting in a predominantly red light field. Green light prevailed downstream near the lower-CDOM coastal ocean, and phytoplankton community composition was distinct from upstream and mid-estuarine communities. Diatoms were abundant throughout the estuary in January, August, and October, cryptophytes dominated in July, and chlorophytes were abundant in December 2006. Only diatoms and chlorophytes showed significant covariation with the spectral attenuation coefficient (k(λ)): Chlorophytes showed positive relationships with k(442) (blue light) while diatoms were negatively correlated with k(442) and k(490) (violet to blue). Phytoplankton community composition in Winyah Bay appears to be driven by strong horizontal flow rather than gradients in spectral irradiance, but results indicate that water color is likely to play a greater role in blackwater-influenced estuaries with longer residence times.     

Phosphates of the Chalotskoe Pegmatite Deposit,Transbaikal Region

A number of rare phosphates have been found in specimens from the Chalotskoe pegmatite deposit, Transbaikal region, Russia: väyrynenite, MnBe[PO₄](OH,F); parascholzite, CaZn₂[PO₄]₂ · 2H₂O; messelite, Ca₂(Fe²⁺,Mn)[PO₄]₂ · 2H₂O; eosphorite, MnAl[PO₄](OH)₂ · H₂O; moraesite, Be₂[PO₄](OH)4H₂O; and fluorapatite. Väyrynenite forms pink grains 2–3 mm in size, less frequent prismatic crystals up to 0.8 × 3.0 cm, and spheres up to 3 mm in diameter. Parascholzite occurs as pockets up to 0.6 × 1.0 cm composed from snow-white small grains. Messelite forms pale yellow honeycomb grains and poorly shaped crystals up to 1 mm. Eosphorite has been seen in the Chalotskoe pegmatites before, but it has not been studied in detail. It occurs as red-brown prismatic crystals up to 8 cm in length, occasionally forming openbook- like aggregates and pink to pale pink grains up to 5 mm in size. Moraesite forms snow-white fibrous aggregates up to 5 × 6 mm, together with white spheres and short prismatic crystals of fluorapatite up to 1 mm. Microcline, albite, quartz, muscovite, beryl, schorl, almandine-spessartine, columbite-(Fe), and bertrandite are associated minerals. Väyrynenite and parascholzite are found for the first time in Russia.

     

Evolution of Hydrothermal System at the Dizon Porphyry Cu-Au Deposit, Zambales, Philippines

Abstract. Evolution of hydrothermal system from initial porphyry Cu mineralization to overlapping epithermal system at the Dizon porphyry Cu‐Au deposit in western central Luzon, Zambales, Philippines, is documented in terms of mineral paragen‐esis, fluid inclusion petrography and microthermometry, and sulfur isotope systematics. The paragenetic stages throughout the deposit are summarized as follows; 1) stockwork amethystic quartz veinlets associated with chalcopyrite, bornite, magnetite and Au enveloped by chlorite alteration overprinting biotite alteration, 2) stockwork quartz veinlets with chalcopyrite and pyrite associated with Au and chalcopyrite and pyrite stringers in sericite alteration, 3) stringer quartz veinlets associated with molybdenite in sericite alteration, and 4) WNW‐trending quartz veins associated with sphalerite and galena at deeper part, while enargite and stibnite at shallower levels associated with advanced argillic alteration. Chalcopyrite and bornite associated with magnetite in quartz veinlet stockwork (stage 1) have precipitated initially as intermediate solid solution (iss) and bornite solid solution (bnss), respectively. Fluid inclusions in the stockwork veinlet quartz consist of gas‐rich inclusions and polyphase inclusions. Halite in polyphase inclusions dissolves at temperatures ranging from 360d?C to >500d?C but liquid (brine) and gas (vapor) do not homogenize at <500d?C. The maximum pressure and minimum temperature during the deposition of iss and bnss with stockwork quartz veinlets are estimated to be 460 bars and 500d?C. Fluid inclusions in veinlet stockwork quartz enveloped in sericite alteration (stage 2) consist mainly of gas‐rich inclusions and polyphase inclusions. In addition to the possible presence of saturated NaCl crystals at the time of entrapment of fluid inclusions that exhibit the liquid‐vapor homogenization temperatures lower than the halite dissolution temperatures in some samples, wide range of temperatures of halite dissolution and liquid‐vapor homogenization of polyphase inclusions from 230d?C to >500d?C and from 270d?C to >500d?C, respectively, suggests heterogeneous entrapment of gaseous vapor and hypersaline brine. The minimum pressure and temperature are estimated to be about 25 bars and 245d?C. Fluid inclusions in veinlet quartz associated with molybdenite (stage 3) are dominated by gas‐rich inclusions accompanied with minor liquid‐rich inclusions that homogenize at temperatures between 350d?C and 490d?C. Fluid inclusions in vuggy veinlet quartz associated with stibnite (stage 4) consist mainly of gas‐rich inclusions with subordinate polyphase inclusions that do not homogenize below 500d?C. Fluid inclusions in veinlet quartz associated with galena and sphalerite (stage 4) are composed of liquid‐rich two‐phase inclusions, and they homogenize into liquid phase at temperatures ranging widely from 190d?C to 300d?C (suggesting boiling) and the salinity ranges from 1.0 wt% to 3.4 wt% NaCl equivalent. A pressure of about 15 bars is estimated for the dilute aqueous solution of 190d?C from which veinlet quartz associated with galena and sphalerite precipitated. In addition to a change in temperature‐pressure regime from lithostatic pressure during the deposition of iss and bnss with stockwork quartz veinlets to hydrostatic pressure during fracture‐controlled quartz veinlet associated with galena and sphalerite, a decrease in pressure is supposed to have occurred due to unroofing or removal of the overlying piles during the temperature decrease in the evolution of hydrothermal system. The majority of the sulfur isotopic composition of sulfides ranges from ±0 % to +5 %. Sulfur originated from an iso‐topically uniform and homogeneous source, and the mineralization occurred in a single hydrothermal system.     

First Report of Sapphirine+Quartz Assemblage from Southern India: Implications for Ultrahigh-temperature Metamorphism

We report here for the first time, the occurrence of sapphirine+quartz assemblage in textural equilibrium from quartzo-feldspathic and pelitic granulites from southern India. The sapphirine-bearing rocks occur as layered gneisses associated with pink granite within massive charnockite in Rajapalaiyam area in the southern part of Madurai Block. Sapphirine occurs in three associations: (i) fine-grained subhedral mineral associated with quartz enclosed in garnet, (ii) intergrowth with Al-rich orthopyroxene (up to 9.7 wt.% Al₂O₃), and (iii) in symplectitic intergrowth with orthopyroxene (Al₂O₃= 5.9–6.7 wt.%) and cordierite surrounding garnet. The sapphirine in association with quartz is slightly magnesian (X_Mg = 0.79–0.80) and low in Si content (1.55–1.56 pfu) as compared with those associated with orthopyroxene and cordierite (X_Mg= 0.77–0.79, Si = 1.59–1.63 pfu). The sapphirine+quartz assemblage suggests that the granulites underwent T>1050 °C peak metamorphism. Cores of porphyroblastic orthopyroxene in the sapphirine-bearing rocks shows high-Al₂O₃ content of up to 9.7 wt.%, suggesting T = 1040–1060°C and P = 8 kbar. FMAS reaction of sapphirine+quartz→garnet+sillimanite+cordierite indicates a cooling from sapphirine+quartz stability field after the peak ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism. Slightly lower temperature estimates from ternary feldspar and sapphirine-spinel geothermometers (T = 950–1000°C) also support a post-peak isobaric cooling. Corona textures of orthopyroxene+cordierite (±sapphirine), orthopyroxene+sapphirine, and cordierite+spinel around garnet suggest subsequent decompression. The sapphirine-quartz association and related textures reported in this study have important bearing on the ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism and exhumation history of the Madurai Block as well as on the tectonic evolution of the continental deep crust in southern India.     

滇西北中甸松诺含矿斑岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及地质意义

位于义敦岛弧南端的中甸岛弧中广泛发育印支期斑岩及斑岩型和矽卡岩型铜矿床。松诺(或称松诺力赞)复式岩体位于东斑岩带中部,由石英闪长玢岩、黑云石英二长斑岩、闪长玢岩和含矿石英二长斑岩组成,其南部为普朗超大型斑岩铜矿床,北部为地苏嘎铜矿点。本文对含矿石英二长斑岩进行了岩相学和锆石SHRIMPU-Pb定年研究,结果表明所有锆石颗粒自形较好且均发育规则的韵律环带,Th含量为180~854μg/g,U含量为270~709μg/g,Th/U比值为0.77~1.24,为典型岩浆成因锆石。获得了含矿石英二长斑岩的侵位年龄为220.9±3.5Ma(n=9,MSWD=1.6),这与中甸岛弧洋壳俯冲造山作用的时限(210~235Ma)相吻合。     

不同颜色的淡水养殖珍珠呈色机理研究

珍珠的呈色机理一直存在有机物致色学说与微量金属离子致色学说,鉴于有机物致色机理与物体本身结构无关及珍珠中微量金属元素的测定,这些理论用于解释珍珠时呈色存在明显的局限,直至目前珍珠的呈色机理尚无定论。本文采用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)等技术,对白、紫、粉红三种颜色的淡水养殖珍珠的呈色机理进行较为系统的研究。结果表明:不同颜色珍珠的红外光谱无明显差异;粉色珍珠中Ti、Fe、Mg与Cu的含量较白色与紫色珍珠高,白色珍珠中Mn的含量较粉色珍珠高;粉色与白色珍珠中Ti、Fe、Cu的含量差异较大,但紫色与白色珍珠中Ti、Fe、Cu的含量几乎接近;不同颜色珍珠的研磨粉体的颜色基本一致,反射主波长为(582±1) nm,说明珍珠内有机质与致色金属元素不应是珍珠呈色差异的主要原因。在同一直径不同颜色的珍珠中,其近外表面区域内珍珠层文石板片的厚度大小不一,其中粉色珍珠中文石板片的厚度相对较薄;珍珠表面的"叠瓦状"结构疏密也并不一致,粉色珍珠表面的文石片层更为紧密。研究认为,珍珠中内部文石板片厚度及其外表面形貌的差异应是珍珠呈现不同颜色的直接原因。     

坡缕石粘土对有机染料的吸附热力学研究

将甘肃靖远坡缕石粘土分离提纯,通过静态吸附实验,研究了坡缕石对水中有机染料亚甲基蓝、结晶紫和苯胺蓝的吸附等温线,探讨了吸附热力学特征.实验结果显示,在实验温度范围内3种染料在坡缕石上的吸附在30 min可达平衡,吸附等温线均能较好符合Langmuir模型,饱和吸附量大小顺序为:结晶紫＞亚甲基蓝＞苯胺蓝;吸附均为吸热过程,亚甲基蓝、结晶紫和苯胺蓝的吸附焓分别为15.52、9.26和2.59 kJ/mol;吸附Gibbs函数约为-35～-30 kJ/mol,吸附熵均大于零,吸附是自发过程.