鄂西黄陵花岗岩基同位素年龄谱

采用Isoplot程序重新计算了鄂西黄陵花岗岩基主要岩套的Rb-Sr等时线年龄和锆石U-Pb一致曲线年龄,测定了各种类型脉岩的侵入年龄,最后获得该岩基岩浆活动的年龄谱是主体太平溪英云闪长岩岩套和黄陵庙花岗闪长岩岩套的侵位年龄分别是(833±29)Ma和(819±7)Ma,大老岭石英二长花岗岩岩套是(786±54)Ma,脉岩套侵入年龄从花岗闪长斑岩的813 Ma开始,到770Ma的辉绿岩和772Ma的石英脉侵入,整个岩基抬升作用完成,岩浆活动基本结束.在印支期(217±7)Ma时,岩基上NNW和NNE向大断裂发生了强烈的再次活动.Nd,Sr同位素证据表明,除大老岭岩套外,其他三个岩套的岩浆演化是连续的,这些岩浆起源于晋宁期扬子板块北缘发生的大洋板块消减作用.     

Timing and Source of the Hermyingyi W-Sn Deposit in Southern Myanmar,SE Asia:Evidence from Molybdenite Re-Os Age and Sulfur Isotopic Composition

赫米英吉钨锡矿位于缅甸南部,是一处典型的石英脉型钨锡矿床.矿区出露的地层为石炭系的丹老群变沉积岩,其中有晚白垩世(ca.70Ma)二长花岗岩侵入.含矿石英脉主要赋存在二长花岗岩中.根据矿物组合特征和穿插关系,可将该矿床的成矿作用划分为4个成矿阶段:(1)硅酸盐-氧化物阶段;(2)石英-硫化物阶段;(3)无矿石英脉阶段;(4)表生富集阶段.我们对矿石中挑选出的5个辉钼矿样品进行了Re-Os同位素定年,获得了较一致的模式年龄,变化为67.8±1.6 Ma到69.2±1.6Ma,等时线年龄为68.4±2.5Ma.成矿年龄与二长花岗岩的成岩年龄(70.0±0.4 Ma)在误差范围内一致,指示成矿石英脉的形成主要与花岗岩有关.辉钼矿具有非常低的Re含量(22.9～299ppb),显示成矿物质主要为壳源。硫化物的δ34S值变化在+1.9～+5.6‰,也指示成矿物质主要来自含矿花岗岩.     

南阿尔金古生代花岗岩U Pb定年及岩浆活动对造山带构造演化的响应

南阿尔金花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,西部的且末县南依干村花岗岩体年龄分别为352’4Ma、349’2Ma、343’3Ma,东部的白干湖村北花岗岩体的年龄分别为447’4Ma、444’5Ma、448’2Ma,茫崖镇西花岗岩为444’6Ma、435’4Ma,阿克提山花岗岩为265’2M,柴水沟花岗岩为406’5Ma,常春沟石英闪长岩为469’3Ma,茫崖镇北花岗岩为462’8Ma。根据花岗岩的定年结果,结合岩石地球化学研究,本文将南阿尔金花岗岩类划分出为五期:第1期岩石组合为石英闪长岩+花岗闪长岩+二长花岗岩,具有Ⅰ型花岗岩的属性,时代460Ma;第2期岩石组合为石英二长岩+正长花岗岩+碱长花岗岩,具有S型号花岗岩的特征,时代为435~450Ma;第3期岩石组合为花岗闪长岩+二长花岗岩+正长花岗岩,具有A型花岗岩的属性,时代为404~411Ma;第4期花岗岩组合为花岗闪长岩+二长花岗岩,时代为343~352Ma,具有S型花岗岩的地球化学属性;第5期花岗岩组合为石英闪长岩+花岗闪长岩+花岗岩,具有Ⅰ型花岗岩的地球化学特征,时代为265Ma。根据年代学和岩石地球化学研究结果,结合区域地质特征,我们认为第1期(465~469Ma)花岗岩浆活动可能与洋壳的俯冲作用有关;第2期(435~450Ma)岩浆活动可能属碰撞后岩浆活动;第3期(404~411Ma)岩浆活动可能与板块碰撞后造山带块体均衡调整有关,第4期(343~352Ma)岩浆活动可能与特提斯构造活动有关,第5期(265Ma)岩浆活动可能与阿尔金断裂的活动有关。     

新疆准噶尔北缘玉勒肯哈腊苏铜(钼)矿区韧性剪切变形时代——来自白云母和黑云母Ar-Ar年龄的约束

玉勒肯哈腊苏斑岩铜(钼)矿主要赋存于闪长玢岩中,少量在北塔山组火山岩及似斑状石英二长岩中。矿化呈细脉状、细脉-浸染状和浸染状。成矿过程经历了斑岩期、剪切变形期和表生期。矿区发育韧性剪切变形带,中泥盆统北塔山组、下石炭统姜巴斯套组、岩体及矿体均发生了剪切变形作用。沿剪切面发育黑云母和白云母新生矿物。白云母的坪年龄和等时线年龄分别为283.8±1.5Ma和285.4±3.1Ma,黑云母的坪年龄和等时线年龄分别为277.0±2.0Ma和277.0±4.0Ma,在误差范围内基本一致,限定矿区韧性剪切变形时间在早二叠世(284～277Ma),与区域额尔齐斯-玛因鄂博断裂活动时间一致。主要成矿作用形成于斑岩期,成矿时代为中泥盆世(374Ma),早二叠世的韧性剪切变形作用只对铜(钼)矿化进行改造。     

浙江沐尘石英二长岩及其镁铁质包体的锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成——对岩浆混合作用的示踪

浙江沐尘石英二长岩体中普遍发育形态各异的暗色镁铁质微粒包体.本文运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年技术,对该石英二长岩和其中的暗色镁铁质微粒包体进行了精确的年龄测定,获得的年龄分别为112.1土1.0Ma和112.4士1.2Ma,二者在误差范围内一致,说明它们同时形成,这为指示包体属岩浆混合作用成因提供了关键证据....     

北京西山南窖地区南东东110°～120°拉伸线理形成时间的年代学制约

本文简要报导位于北京西山房山岩体以西约15km左右的南窖闪长岩脉形成的锆石U-Pb年龄,以及区内变形岩层中同变形的白云母和绢云母矿物的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄。在野外构造研究、室内岩石及显微构造分析基础上,获得细粒闪长岩岩脉锆石U-Pb年龄为136±1Ma,并且该岩脉受到后期构造片理化的改造。区内变形岩层中所发育的南东东110°～120°矿物拉伸线理及相关的"褶叠层"中同变形的白云母、绢云母的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar坪年龄为133±1～127±1Ma。显然这些变形并非形成于三叠纪或"印支期",而是形成于大规模的向北西方向强烈的挤压变形之后,与相邻区域的岩浆热作用同期或稍晚。这些构造-热年代学证据对于区内构造格局的形成与演化是一个重要的约束。     

内蒙古额济纳旗北山岩群中石英岩岩组形成时代——LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年的证据

文章通过对北山岩群石英岩岩组地质剖面及岩相学分析,认为石英岩岩组至少经历了5次从(长石)石英杂砂岩→石英砂岩的沉积旋回;石英岩组中矿物组合为石英+黑云母+白云母±角闪石,具高绿片岩相—低角闪岩相的区域变质作用特征。对北山岩群石英岩岩组中石英岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,其样品中碎屑锆石CL图像显示锆石颗粒具有核幔结构,核部锆石多具有岩浆环带,w(Th)/w(U)比值绝大多数大于0.1,说明石英岩岩组物源区岩石主要为岩浆岩。北山岩群石英岩组中最小年龄为1 301 Ma,限定了区内北山岩群形成于中元古代;最大年龄值为2 769 Ma,落入新太古代时期的有三组年龄数据,说明区内可能存在太古宙陆壳。     

东南极拉斯曼丘陵夕线石榴二长片麻岩的格林威尔期变质作用和构造意义

东南极拉斯曼丘陵出露的中-高级变质岩是普里兹湾基底岩系的主要组成部分,是研究普里兹湾高级区组成与演化的理想对象。本文对拉斯曼丘陵米洛半岛地区的夕线石榴二长片麻岩进行了岩石学、相平衡模拟和地质年代学研究。研究结果表明拉斯曼丘陵夕线石榴二长片麻岩矿物组合为石榴子石+堇青石+斜长石+钛铁矿+夕线石+石英±黑云母±钾长石,经历了格林威尔期(～980Ma)高温变质,其峰期阶段(M1)的矿物组合为石榴子石+斜长石+钾长石+钛铁矿+夕线石+石英,变质温压条件为:～820℃、～9. 6kbar。夕线石榴二长片麻岩的岩浆锆石比变质锆石具有更低的LREE和更高的HREE含量,其原岩的沉积年龄不早于～1073Ma,物源主要为中元古代岩浆岩(S-型花岗岩)。拉斯曼丘陵在格林威尔期经历了陆-陆碰撞,进而快速折返、剥蚀作用的过程。     

南阿尔金花岗岩锆石Lu-Hf同位素特征及岩石成因

在以往工作的基础上,结合本文的岩石地球化学研究,将南阿尔金花岗岩划分为5期,第1期花岗岩组合为石英闪长岩+花岗闪长岩+二长花岗岩,具有I型花岗岩的属性,时代460 Ma;第2期花岗岩组合为花岗闪长岩+二长花岗岩+正长花岗岩,也具有I型花岗岩的特征,时代为435~450 Ma;第3期花岗岩组合为二长花岗岩+正长花岗岩+碱长花岗岩,具有A型花岗岩的属性,时代为385~411 Ma;第4期花岗岩组合为花岗闪长岩+二长花岗岩,时代为343~352 Ma,具有S型花岗岩的地球化学属性;第5期花岗岩组合为石英闪长岩+二长花岗岩+正长花岗岩,具有I型花岗岩的地球化学特征,时代为265 Ma。各期花岗岩锆石Lu–Hf同位素分析表明,ε_(Hf)(t)值大多数为正值,少数继承性锆石为负值,反映了它们的源岩以新生地壳为主,同时,也混有少量的古大陆壳的成分。根据年代学和岩石地球化学研究结果,结合区域地质特征,我们认为第1期(465~469 Ma)花岗岩浆活动可能与洋壳的俯冲作用有关;第2期(435~450 Ma)岩浆活动可能是碰撞后环境;第3期(404~411 Ma)岩浆活动可能与板块碰撞后造山带块体均衡调整、伸展有关,第4期(343~352 Ma)、第5期(265 Ma)岩浆活动可能与造山带深部块体的拆沉作用有关。     

内蒙古东南部晚古生代裂谷区花岗质岩石锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其地质意义

该区花岗质岩石主要岩性为石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩。通过对石英闪长岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年[1],所获得年龄为(313±5)Ma～(323±4)Ma,属于晚石炭世侵入体;前进场和达青二长花岗岩各单元岩体均侵入了该区早二叠世寿山沟组海陆交互相碎屑沉积岩,侵入接触关系明确,红柱石角岩发育。测得前进场岩体和达青岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄分别为(280.8±3.6)Ma和(281.5±0.5)Ma,说明岩体形成于早二叠世晚期;乌兰陶勒盖正长花岗岩岩体获得了259Ma、羊角林高勒二长花岗岩为246～216Ma的U-Pb同位素年龄,说明在晚二叠世—三叠世又有一次侵入高峰。石炭—二叠纪裂谷发育时期,部分跨入三叠纪,先后有3次侵入高峰,即晚石炭世的石英闪长岩、早二叠世的英云闪长岩—二长花岗岩、晚二叠世—三叠纪的二长花岗岩-正长花岗岩。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

Mountains,nations, parks,and conservation

Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km² and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

NEW SET OF LOW CONCENTRATION STANDARDS FOR LA, CE, SM, YB, LU, Y, SC, V, NB AND TA IN SILICATES

We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses.