我国海水养殖业发展现状与可持续发展问题

简要分析、总结了我国近 1 0 a来的主要海水鱼、虾、贝、藻等的增养殖现状和存在的问题 ,并对今后可持续发展问题进行了探讨     

海水脱硫技术现状

海水脱硫主要是利用海水的天然碱度脱除烟气中的二氧化硫。近年来,该技术在火电厂的应用发展迅速。文中介绍了海水脱硫技术的基本原理和工艺流程,并对其国内外应用现状进行了概述。     

标准海水研究现状及其应用

标准海水作为海水盐度量值的标准物质,广泛用于检定和校准海水盐度测量仪器和装置.主要介绍两种标准物质-中国-级标准海水和中国系列标准海水,系统介绍我国现阶段标准海水的制备,封装工艺,保存方法,并阐述其在使用过程中的注意事项.     

我国海水养殖业发展现状与可持续发展问题

简要分析、总结了我国近10a来的主要海水鱼、虾、贝、藻等的增养殖现状和存在的问题，并对今后可持续发展问题进行了探讨。     

浅析我国现行海水水质标准存在的问题

本研究在讨论和定义海水水质基准和海水水质标准概念的基础上,简要介绍了开展海水水质基准研究的科学意义;对比美国海水水质基准和标准体系的特点,结合我国海洋环境监测评价的技术需求和海洋环境保护的管理需求,剖析了我国现行海水水质标准存在的问题及原因,并对我国今后的海水水质基准和标准的研究进行了展望,给出了相应的对策和建议。     

发展海水淡化产业,缓解淡水危机

介绍并论述了国内的水资源现状、海水淡化技术在国内外的发展情况和各种海水淡化技术的适应范围与发展趋势。分析了我国实现海水淡化产业化的有利条件和不利因素 ,提出了海水淡化技术的产业化对策。     

鱼之趣——从淡水到海水

<正>中国金鱼名扬海外。中国可谓观赏鱼古国,亦是金鱼毋庸置疑的故乡。在日本江户时代,武士之间盛行饲养金鱼。每每谈起这种平民百姓不得"染指"的高雅爱好时,武士们便会提到一个令他们向往的国度——中国。公元1502年,金鱼从中国首度踏     

当前海水珍珠养殖中的一些问题

总结了我国当前海水珍珠养殖中所存在的问题：个体小型化和种的退化，珍珠贝病害比较严重，养殖珍珠的质量较差等；对引起这些问题的原因进行了分析并提出了一些建设性的意见。     

我国临海石化产业发展现状、问题与对策

随着中国区域发展战略的调整、国际国内市场的一体化整合过程的加快,以及多年的发展累积效应,我国沿海地区已经形成了一定规模的石化产业.本文分析了当前我国临海石化产业发展的现状,指出临海石化仍存在产业布局分散、企业问关联性差等问题,并提出了解决这些问题的一些方法和对策.     

海水资源综合利用现状研究

海水资源的综合利用包括海水淡化技术、海水直接利用、海水化学资源的利用二个方面。这些技术、产业对于解决人类社会和社会发展中面临的淡水危机、能源、原料匮乏等问题,有着深远的意义。本文在对国内外海水资源开发利用现状分析的基础上,就我国的海水资源综合利用的现状、经济效益、主流技术、存在问题和发展方向进行了阐述。     

Brazilian environmental legislation as tool to conserve marine ornamental fish

Legislation is considered an effective means to regulate the fishing and trade of marine ornamental fish (MOF), which is an industry with a wide range of environmental and social impacts worldwide. This study analyses Brazilian MOF legislation as a tool for conservation. Brazil's legal framework includes participation in international agreements, such as the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), as well as administrative measures that regulate the capture of certain species in Brazil. However, compared with the laws that pertain to terrestrial fauna, Brazil's MOF legislation remains limited and possibly lacks the necessary technical and scientific foundation. There is a trend to prohibit the capture of organisms according to the criterion of “rarity”. The legislation also includes the use of “positive lists”, which identify which species may be caught and establish maximum individual capture and trade quotas. Nevertheless, the criteria used to determine the quotas are not established a priori and apparently defined without scientific rigour. In this context, it is impossible to affirm that Brazilian MOF legislation fulfils its function as an instrument for the conservation of MOF stocks.     

我国海水鱼类核型及染色体显带研究进展

综述了我国已研究的77种海水鱼类核型,包括鲈形目51种、鲉形目8种、鲽形目6种、鲀形目5种、鳗鲡目3种、鲱形目2种和鲻形目2种。分析了海水鱼类染色体显带、限制性内切酶显带、二价体及多重带显带的研究进展,并对海水鱼类细胞遗传学研究的前景作了展望。     

海洋养殖鱼类仔稚鱼摄食和营养研究的进展

海洋鱼类人工育苗常出现仔稚鱼死亡率高的情况，它涉及到亲鱼培育、卵子质量、仔稚鱼营养需求、生物饵料供应和配合饲料取代等问题.本文就海洋鱼类仔稚鱼培育的饵料系列、亲鱼和早期发育中的脂类代谢和氨基酸作用、生物饵料的营养强化以及微粒、微囊饲料等研究进展作了概述.     

Conservation status of New Zealand freshwater fish, 2009

The threat status of 74 freshwater and estuarine fish present in New Zealand was determined. Fifty-one native taxa were ranked of which 67% were considered Threatened or At Risk. A single species was classified as Extinct, the New Zealand grayling, which has not been observed since the 1920s. Four taxa were classified in the highest threat category, Nationally Critical, and a further 10 taxa as Threatened (Nationally Endangered or Nationally Vulnerable). Twenty taxa were ranked in the At Risk group with the majority ranked as Declining. Endemic galaxiids (Galaxiidae) dominated the Threatened and At Risk taxa. The majority (68%) belonged to the Galaxias genus, comprising 81% of recognised taxa in this genus and all five species in the genus Neochanna were also ranked as Threatened or At Risk. In addition to 51 native taxa, a further three fish species were considered colonists and 20 introduced species were classified as naturalised, although two of these are considered rare. The majority of the Threatened species occur in the Canterbury and Otago regions where a suite of rare non-migratory galaxiids exist. Threat mechanisms that were identified as causal in the decline of freshwater fish species were the impact of introduced fish species, declining water quality, effects of water abstraction, loss of habitat via land-use change and land-use activities, and river modifications.     

Conservation status of New Zealand marine invertebrates, 2009

A re-evaluation of the threat status of New Zealand's marine invertebrates was undertaken in 2009, following earlier review of New Zealand's Threat Classification System and subsequent refinement of the national criteria for classifying threat of extinction to New Zealand's flora and fauna. Sufficient information was available to enable 295 marine invertebrate taxa to be fully evaluated and assigned to a national threat category. The 10 taxa at most risk of extinction (‘nationally critical’) were the giant seep clam Calyptogena sp., the primitive acorn barnacle Chionelasmus crosnieri, O'Shea's vent barnacle Volcanolepas osheai, the stalked barnacle Ibla idiotica, the four-blotched umbrella octopus Cirroctopus hochbergi, the roughy umbrella octopus Opisthoteuthis chathamensis, the giant squid Idioteuthis cordiformis, the large-egged polychaete Boccardiella magniovata and two gravel maggots, Smeagol climoi and Smeagol manneringi. The key threatening processes identified for marine invertebrates were fishing and land-use associated impacts such as sedimentation. We identified no taxa that had improved in threat status as a result of past or ongoing conservation management action, nor any taxa that had worsened in threat status because of known changes in their distribution, abundance or rate of population decline. We evaluated a small fraction of New Zealand's marine invertebrate fauna for their threat status. Many taxa remain ‘data deficient’ or unlisted. In addition to the most threatened taxa, we recommend these taxa and their habitats as priorities for further survey and monitoring.     

海洋经济红藻江蓠科的分类研究现状及存在的问题

江蓠科红藻是重要的经济海藻,用途十分广泛。然而,近年来受分子生物学技术引入等的影响,其分类学地位引起了极大争议。针对这个问题,本研究以争议比较大的江蓠属(Gracilaria)、拟江蓠(龙须菜)属(Gracilariopsis)和多穴藻属(Polycavernosa)为对象,总结归纳了其物种多样性、国内外研究进展、存在的问题、学者试图解答的问题以及部分自己的研究结果。以期为该类群的研究提供相对详细、客观的参考数据。     

论我国的海洋产业结构及其优化

海洋产业结构是指各海洋产业部门之间的比例构成以及它们之间相互依存、相互制约的关系。海洋产业结构是否合理，对一个国家的海洋经济发展至关重要。分析了海洋产业的划分方法以及我国海洋产业结构的现状及存在的问题，论述了我国海洋产业结构优化的目标、原则和具体措施，为海洋经济协调、稳定、快速发展提供参考依据。     

Conservation status of New Zealand marine mammals (suborders Cetacea and Pinnipedia), 2009

The conservation status of New Zealand (NZ) marine mammals (suborders Cetacea and Pinnipedia) is reappraised using the 2008 version of the NZ Threat Classification System. The list comprises 56 taxa (named species or subspecies, and as yet unnamed forms or types) in the following categories: Threatened—eight taxa (five Nationally Critical and three Nationally Endangered); Vagrant—six taxa; Migrant—20 taxa; and Data Deficient—13 taxa. A further nine taxa are listed as Not Threatened. Relative to the previous listing, the threat status of two species worsened: the NZ sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri) was uplisted to Nationally Critical and the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) was uplisted to Nationally Endangered. No species was considered to have an improved status. With the uplisting of the NZ sea lion and the continued listing of the Hector's dolphin (Cephalorhynchus hectori hectori) as Endangered and Maui's dolphin (C. hectori maui) as Nationally Critical, all three endemic NZ marine mammals are now considered threatened with extinction. We considered future research or management actions that would allow the downlisting of the eight taxa currently listed as Threatened.