Geology of Marseilles to Italy high‐speed TGV railway line compared to HS2 in Britain

In a radical departure, SNCF, the French state railway company, launched a public consultation in 2016 about the route for the first of a series of piecemeal extensions to the proposed French high‐speed railway (ligne à grande vitesse) LGV network in Provence‐Alpes‐Côte d'Azur. A cheaper proposal to build an inland line, bypassing Marseilles and Toulon, met strong opposition as it would have traversed landscapes made famous by Cézanne's nineteenth century paintings. This alternative offered options for tunnelling under Marseilles, including an underground TGV station due for completion in 2033. Eventually heading eastwards, a line about 35 km long with a lengthy tunnel into the port city of Toulon will be built by around 2040 from Aubagne. Unlike Britain and problems building HS2 bypassing the West Coast railway mainline into London, France has well‐established relatively generous compensation procedures for anybody losing property due to new infrastructure schemes. Also, this SNCF budget is split into many portions, while HS2 has been hampered by poor geological knowledge of likely ground conditions along parts of the route resulting in massive cost overruns. Even after the Oakervee review into how to bring these cost overruns under control gave the green light for construction of HS2 to continue in February 2020, these underlying factors were hardly considered in this technical and economic report.     

地铁车站与高铁站房共建综合站区深基坑监测及分析

以沪通铁路南通西站综合站区基坑施工为例,介绍了南通轨道交通预埋地铁车站深基坑与沪通铁路高架站共建施工中,对基坑围护及开挖施工全过程实时监测,对监测数据进行分析,对围护、监测方案进一步论证,确保了地铁基坑工程与铁路高架桥共建的安全性。     

紧邻铁路的地铁车站深基坑施工技术

天津地铁3号线张兴庄站紧邻北环铁路,铁路路基及列车动载产生的偏压荷载对基坑稳定性影响不容忽视。对其基坑加固支护、降水、封堵等施工方案及措施进行详细阐述,对以后类似工程的设计和施工提供参考。     

内昆铁路沿河谷地段主要工程地质问题与线路方案的地质比选研究

内昆铁路为国家I级单线铁路,北起成渝铁路的内江站、南至昆明,其中云南水富至贵州梅花山段为新建段,全长357.643 km。新建河谷段不良地质极其发育,主要分布于水富至大关段,影响和控制着线路方案选择的主要工程地质问题有滑坡、岩堆、危岩落石、泥石流、“顺层”等。内昆线在勘察设计中,对河谷(大型)不良地质体及集中发育分布地段线路方案进行了由浅入深、由宏观至局部的方案研究和比选,采取了“裁弯取直”、“内移作隧”、“外移设桥”等不同工程类型的方案比选,方案多采取绕避。对一些难以绕避的,采取对通过该处具体线位的比选,选择有利于稳定的方案,并采取桩、锚索、挡墙等工程防治措施;比选累计长度逾50 km,在线路方案选择中充分考虑地质因素,仅因地质问题提出的改线地段达20余处,充分体现了地质选线的重要性。内昆线施工开挖揭示及结合竣工工程现状,表明河谷地段线路方案的工程地质比选是合理的,工程措施是有效和可行的。     

青藏铁路沿线83道班移动冰丘及工程治理

青藏铁路沿线发育6个典型移动冰丘,冰丘冻胀对线路工程具有严重破坏作用,导致桥墩扭裂、涵洞破裂与输油管道弯曲变形,产生显著的灾害效应。83道班移动冰丘发育于二道沟盆地南侧两组断层的交叉复合部位,属断层破碎带桥基施工诱发移动冰丘;夏季表现为上涌泉水,形成泉坑;冬季形成厚度达0.5m的冰幔和高达2.5m的冰丘,产生了比较严重的灾害隐患。在泉水富集部位,通过修筑堤坝、泉水池和排水通道,改变了泉水的运移路线,消除了移动冰丘及灾害隐患,确保了83道班铁路大桥的工程安全,为青藏铁路沿线移动冰丘的工程防治积累了成功经验。     

铁路客站建设与城市发展关系的思考

本文简述了铁路客站建设应与城市规划相配合,与城市环境相融合,与铁路两侧城区相连通,与现代化城市景观融为一体,与城市综合交通网络相衔接,统筹规划合理用地的有关设计原则,使其充分体现功能性、系统性、先进性、文化性、经济性的建设要求。     

Quantitative Zoning Assessment of Crustal Stability Along the Yunnan–Tibet Railway Line, Western China

The planned Yunnan–Tibet railway goes through the northwest of Yunnan Province and the southeast of the Tibet Autonomous Region. Because of its location near the collision belt of the Eurasian and Indian plates, complex engineering geological conditions and difficult engineering geological problems are encountered. The study is aimed at making the zoning assessment of crustal stability along the railway line so as to provide a better base for its construction, especially its line selection. For this purpose, the following seven influencing factors of crustal stability were selected and quantified by grading and scoring: active fault, seismic activity, geo-stress field, geo-strain field, geothermal field, geo-hazard, and lithologic character. Of these factors, the active fault, seismic activity and geo-hazard are the three most prominent factors influencing the railway construction. Along the railway line there are 1731703 calculation units to be divided. The zoning assessment calculation was completed by ArcGIS-based information fusion method. The assessment results aid railway line selection and show that there are 10 stable sectors, 28 relatively stable sectors, 23 relatively unstable sectors, and 20 unstable sectors along the Yunnan–Tibet railway line.     

青藏铁路不同路基工程结构对路基裂缝的影响研究

针对青藏铁路某试验段加筋路堤和站场路基等不同路基工程 ,本文介绍了冻土路基的温度和变形的试验结果 ,分析了加筋路堤和站场路基不同路基工程的地温变化和变形特征 ,并论述了加筋路堤和加宽路基等不同工程结构对路基裂缝的影响     

基于虚拟现实技术的川藏铁路地质灾害易发区减灾选线优化:以洛隆车站为例

铁路沿线频发的滑坡泥石流灾害,对山区铁路建设与安全运营造成重大影响。在山区铁路选线过程中,如何科学规划铁路线位和工程方案,真正把铁路地质灾害问题解决在成灾之前,实现科学防灾减灾,已成为国内外学者关注的焦点问题。提出一种基于虚拟现实技术(VR)的铁路地质灾害易发区减灾选线场景仿真系统,利用CAD、Sketch Up等软件制作三维地形环境模型,进行铁路沿线滑坡泥石流灾变演化仿真分析;基于Unity3D平台,应用3Ds Max、Photoshop等软件完成研究区的虚拟铁路场景模型搭建,通过网页版的UI交互设计,实现虚拟铁路场景的三维可视化体验;以新建川藏铁路洛隆车站为例,采用该方法建立了多种线路方案优化。结果表明:所建立的虚拟现实场景系统具有很好的可视性和较为流畅的交互性,可充分展示研究区铁路建设及运营安全的可行性。     

PCC桩加固铁路软土地基现场试验研究

铁路相对于公路对承载力和沉降控制都提出了更高的要求。现浇混凝土大直径管桩（PCC桩）技术首次在南京南站联络线铁路工程中应用,为了研究PCC桩加固铁路路基的工作特性,开展了PCC桩加固铁路软土地基的现场检测与监测试验研究。现场检测包含静载试验、低应变检测和开挖检测。现场监测内容为：桩土应力、地基和路堤水平位移、表面沉降、分层沉降、土工格栅张力、孔隙水压力等。质量检测结果表明,PCC桩施工质量良好,承载力达到铁路地基设计要求。现场监测表明,地基沉降在填土结束后3个月稳定,最大水平位移为13 mm,路基沉降稳定快,水平位移小,路堤稳定性高,能满足铁路严格控制沉降和快速施工的要求。研究成果对PCC桩复合地基加固铁路地基的设计和应用提供了依据。     

GPS测量在铁路施工控制网中的应用

白浩铁路一期工程线路自桑锡线的白音库伦车站引出,直至门迪诺尔,全线长约52.253km。根据野外施工条件采用GPS定位技术进行E级网平面控制测量,高程控制采用几何水准方法,在施测时加测一个临时点以增加图形强度。测量施工采用4台S82-2008双频GPS接收机按静态观测方法进行同步观测,观测时间控制在45min~60min。根据GPS网平差后坐标和点位精度分析,该项勘测工程控制网设计与施工措施合理,测量结果满足规范所规定的各项限差要求。白浩铁路一期工程GPS施测控制网的布设方法为GPS在沙漠地区特殊条件下的应用提供了一成功例证。     

晋中至太原城际铁路沿线地质条件分析

晋中至太原城际铁路位于山西断陷带次级构造单元太原断陷盆地内,盆地内部新构造运动复杂,城际铁路沿线跨越多条第四纪隐伏活动断裂,并穿过榆次地裂缝发育地带及砂土液化区域,这些地质问题极大地影响着晋中至太原城际铁路的前期勘测选线。本文从地质构造、地层岩性、浅层地震勘探等方面对穿越城际铁路的三条活动断裂的危险性进行了分析评价,以查明断裂错动对城际铁路的影响。结合前人对榆次地裂缝的研究成果,对城际铁路附近的地裂缝发育情况进行了调查验证,以查明榆次地裂缝对城际铁路的影响。通过在城际铁路车站及车辆段布置地质钻孔,进行标贯试验、剪切波速测试,以查明城际铁路沿线工程地质条件,对沿线车站及车辆段场地进行液化判定及场地类别判定。针对城际铁路沿线存在的上述地质问题,给出了相应的工程建议,对城际铁路前期勘测设计具有重要的指导意义。     

藏东南察达泥石流的发育特征及对拟建车站的影响

针对藏东南地区普遍发育的泥石流灾害影响川藏铁路车站选址的情况,通过实地调查并结合遥感解译,在查明察达泥石流区域现状的基础上,从泥石流的物质来源、诱发因素、动力因素等成灾条件分析泥石流的形成机理,并计算泥石流的动力学参数。藏东南察达泥石流沟口处的流速为7.63 m/s,静储量及动储量分别为1 519.81万m ³、38.08万m ³,泥石流危险度为中度危险级别,综合确定泥石流为大型-黏性-暴雨型-沟谷型-发展期-中等易发-中度危险泥石流。鉴于察达泥石流直接影响川藏铁路洛隆车站站址安全,为选择合适的线路方案,考虑桥梁和隧道两种不同的工程设置,在穿越泥石流处比选了4种方案;比选结果表明桥梁工程的DK方案桥面不存在淤埋风险,局部或全部堵塞桥涵孔径的风险较低,并便于修建排导槽等防护工程,泥石流引发的风险可控,为最优方案。研究成果可为该地区相似条件下铁路车站站址的选择提供借鉴。     

大型地铁站深基坑降水施工技术研究

本文以某地铁站工程为例,详细介绍了在饱和淤泥质软土地层中如何进行深基坑降水施工,重点说明了该工程深基坑降水的措施和效果,以期对今后类似地下工程的施工具有一定的参考价值。     

上海地铁车站勘探工作量布置的探讨

随着上海轨道交通的发展,常规车站布孔方式已很难满足目前地铁车站的设计施工需要。采用勘探孔有效控制范围的方法,对勘探孔平面布置形式进行探讨。收集并分析目前地铁车站在桩基设计方面的实例,以探讨地铁车站勘探孔孔深确定的原则。     

Thermal Characteristics of the Embankment with Crushed Rock Side Slope to Mitigate Thaw Settlement Hazards of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway

Abstract: Permafrost (perennially frozen ground) appears widely in the Golmud-Lhasa section of the Qinghai-Tibet railway and is characterized by high ground temperature (≥ ?1°C) and massive ground ice. Under the scenarios of global warming and human activity, the permafrost under the railway will gradually thaw and the massive ground ice will slowly melt, resulting in some thaw settlement hazards, which mainly include longitudinal and lateral cracks, and slope failure. The crushed rock layer has a thermal semiconductor effect under the periodic fluctuation of natural air. It can be used to lower the temperature of the underlying permafrost along the Qinghai-Tibet railway, and mitigate the thaw settlement hazards of the subgrade. In the present paper, the daily and annual changes in the thermal characteristics of the embankment with crushed rock side slope (ECRSS) were quantitatively simulated using the numerical method to study the cooling effect of the crushed rock layer and its mitigative ability. The results showed that the ECRSS absorbed some heat in the daytime in summer, but part of it was released at night, which accounted for approximately 20% of that absorbed. Within a year, it removed more heat from the railway subgrade in winter than that absorbed in summer. It can store approximately 20% of the “cold” energy in subgrade. Therefore, ECRSS is a better measure to mitigate thaw settlement hazards to the railway.     

旋挖钻进中硬岩及卵砾层钻头结构及施工工艺研究

旋挖钻进技术作为一种高效优质的钻进方法近年来广泛地被用于公路、铁路及大型水电站基础工程施工建设中，取得了良好的社会效益和经济效益。探讨了在卵砾石、漂石等复杂地层以及坚硬基岩中进行旋挖钻进所用钻头的结构及其施工工艺。     

津秦客运专线天津滨海北站地质灾害的现状与预测

津秦客运专线滨海北站是综合交通枢纽站,是该专线的重要节点。本文基于该工程的地质背景条件和地质灾害监测资料进行分析,对其范围内的地面沉降、饱和粉（砂）土液化和水土腐蚀地质灾害的发育现状进行探讨与分析,并依次应用2阶多项式回归分析、标准贯入试验法、取样分析法分别进行了预测分析,结果表明在现状条件下,本工程近五年地面沉降速率有所减缓,饱和粉（砂）土液化灾害等级为轻微液化一中等液化,浅层水土腐蚀对工程基础中的钢筋混凝土的腐蚀性为中腐蚀。通过进行现状分析和趋势预测,从而为地质灾害防治和确保铁路的安全运营提供信息。     

Susceptibility assessment of the precursor stage of a landslide threatening Haivan Railway Station,Vietnam

Haivan Station is an important station on the North-South railway line in central Vietnam. Field investigation has identified a precursor stage of a landslide that would threaten this railway. Therefore, a landslide susceptibility assessment for Haivan Station was urgently needed to protect passenger safety and the national railway. Conducted investigations included air-photo interpretation, drilling, ground water and inclinometer monitoring, laboratory testing, and landslide simulation. This research applied the undrained dynamic loading ring shear apparatus ICL-2 to drill-core samples from the precursor landslide. Samples for ring shear tests were taken from sandy soil layers found at depths of ~21, ~31, and ~50 m in the cores. Each of these was believed to be a possible sliding surface of a landslide, and all were tested to shear failure in the ICL-2 apparatus. The boundary between highly weathered granitic rock and weathered granitic rock was identified at about 50 m depth. The inclinometer monitoring detected slight movement at this depth. Therefore, the present day risk of a landslide forming at 50 m is higher than for one forming at either 21 or 31 m. The landslide dynamic parameters obtained from the ring shear test of the 50-m-deep sample were used in an integrated numerical simulation model LS-RAPID. The simulation result gave the critical pore-pressure ratio for landslide occurrence, and landslide’s likely maximum speed, total volume, and depth of landslide debris that could cover the railway. These estimates serve to raise awareness of the vulnerability of the Vietnam national railway sector to landslide impact.     

沈阳高铁站房便线两侧基坑的支护方案对比

文章研究了新建沈阳南站站房内高铁便线两侧基坑开挖问题。建立了有限元开挖模型,模拟分层开挖、分层支护后的高铁轨道底部的变形,结合理正深基坑支护结构设计软件,采用数值模拟软件计算,从高铁轨道下方的沉降量、基坑的稳定性、施工难度、工期方面对2种基坑支护方案做比较,最终确定方案一为基坑支护方案,为今后类似工程的设计、施工等提供一些参考。