西南某水电站坝基岩体质量分级研究

坝基岩体质量分级关系到大坝工程的安全性和经济性.通过对坝基岩体质量分级要素及各要素之间的联系进行研究,得出岩体分级各要素界限指标的对应值.在此基础上提出适用于本工程坝基岩体质量分级的单因素和双因素标准.并应用此标准对该坝基进行岩体质量分级.     

一种基于块体化程度理论的裂隙岩体巷道顶板稳定性分级方法研究

岩体完整性是进行巷道顶板稳定性分级的一个重要指标,当前分级方法均是从一维角度对岩体结构进行描述,不能全面刻画出三维空间上顶板围岩的完整性。针对这一缺陷,引入裂隙岩体块体化程度理论,以块体化程度代替常规标准中表征岩体完整性的岩体质量RQD值和节理间距两项子指标,开展裂隙岩体巷道顶板稳定性分级研究,创新形成了一种适用于裂隙岩体顶板稳定性分级的BT分级方法。以块体百分比和块体体积曲线为基本依据,构建出裂隙岩体巷道顶板围岩块体化程度的解算流程;运用AHP法对稳定性影响因素权重进行了排序,制定出稳定性分级方法与标准。以铜坑矿92号矿体裂隙岩体试验区巷道顶板结构面调查数据和岩石力学参数为基础,运用传统分级方法RMR法和BT法分别对各试验区巷道顶板稳定性进行评价,对两种分级结果进行比较分析,结果表明：与传统的RMR法相比,BT法在稳定性描述、分级准确性和安全管理指导作用等方面更为优越,更能够客观真实地反映出裂隙岩体巷道顶板稳定性。研究成果可为复杂裂隙岩体条件下的巷道顶板安全分级与管理提供更为可靠的科学依据。     

晋阳大佛边坡岩体风化分级研究

洞窟、造像等大型石质文物大多开凿在露天岩体崖壁上,风化病害是这类石质文物的主要病害之一,已经影响到了文物的传承。因此,开展石质文物风化分级的研究对于制定相应的保护措施具有重要的现实意义。目前,对石质文物风化的形态、机理、影响因素的研究较多,也取得了一些成果,但大多是依据对文物外观和岩体的某项指标进行风化分级,缺乏全面性。本文从岩体外观、岩体结构和岩体物理力学性质三方面出发建立了石质文物风化分级的指标体系,通过结合前人的研究成果并进行现场的实验研究,建立了风化等级的分级标准,将层次分析法与模糊数学理论结合起来,提出了一套兼顾岩体文物特性和工程特性的石质文物岩体风化分级方法。论文进一步将这套方法应用于太原晋阳大佛岩体风化分级研究,对于大佛边坡岩体的风化程度进行了评判,为大佛的重修提供了重要的依据。     

边坡岩体质量分级的模糊层次分析

边坡岩体质量分级是一个涉及到水文地质、工程地质、开挖条件、岩石力学等诸多因素的复杂地质问题。本文把模糊层次分析法综合应用于边坡岩体质量分级,利用层次分析法划分影响边坡岩体质量各因素的层次结构,用模糊分析法来确定各因素的权重。同时建立了与之相适应的各因素评分准则与边坡岩体质量评分准则。按照研究的成果,对一个具体实例进行了分析并与其他方法进行对比,验证的成果有效性,拓展了岩体质量分级理论的研究思路。     

《工程岩体分级标准》在深部巷道围岩分级中的应用及分析

通过对新旧国标GB 50218-94、GB/T 50218-2014《工程岩体分级标准》相关内容的对比分析,指出了新国标的改进。在国标GB/T 50218-2014《工程岩体分级标准》岩体质量分级的基础上,提出了岩体基本质量指标BQ的简化计算方法,并绘制了岩体基本质量指标与岩石完整程度系数之间的关系,并建立了BQ与R_c、K_v之间的关系表,通过图表结合可以较快地确定岩体基本质量等级。结论可为地下工程稳定性分析提供参考。      

基于支持向量机的岩体工程分级

提出了岩体工程分级的一种新方法,即支持向量机方法。该方法可以根据有限的学习样本,建立影响岩体级别的条件的因素和级别之间的一种非线性映射,可以对未知的岩体进行工程分级。结果表明,这种方法具有较高的准确率。     

西南某水电站坝肩岩体质量分级方法选取探讨

采用Ｑ系统,ＲＭＲ和ＢＱ三种岩体质量分级方法对西南某水电站坝肩部分岩体进行了分级,然后对其结果进行相关分析,认为三种方法的分级结果具有良好的相关性,选择这三种方法进行分级,可以得到正确的岩体质量分级。     

改进的水电边坡岩体稳定性分级法

为克服现有基于边坡岩体分级SMR法的修正分级法存在的缺陷,采用较为合理的修正模型,结合36个水电工程边坡,提出了改进的水电边坡岩体分级M-CSMR法。该法使用边坡类型系数替代开挖修正得分,同时考虑了开挖、水流冲刷及掏蚀作用的影响;将坡高对边坡岩体稳定性的影响引入分级中,给出坡高分级及评分原则;对SMR法中各指标权值重新进行调整。与岩体分级RMR法、边坡岩体分级SMR法及水电边坡岩体分级CSMR法进行了比较,结果表明M-CSMR分级法与经验评分最为接近,预测结果最好,最大绝对误差、平均绝对误差及剩余标准差均最小,因此M-CSMR是一种更优的水电边坡岩体分级方法。     

隧道层状岩体质量评价的BQ分级改进

国标BQ分级方法是一种多因素、多变量、定性与定量结合的分级方法,该方法选取岩石饱和单轴抗压强度和岩体完整性指数计算出岩体基本指标,再考虑到工程岩体现场工况对其修正,既保证了分级的客观性,又降低了现场分级的难度。但在一些复杂地质条件下,如层状岩体等,BQ分级存在修正系数定性评价的局限性。由于现场工程人员的主观判断不同,导致两种岩体分级交界处往往会出现分级交错的现象。基于室内力学试验,本文阐述了层理倾角与围压对层状岩体力学参数的影响规律。采用Jaeger-Donath与Mogi-Coulomb强度准则提出针对层状岩体的结构面产状修正系数K₂以及初始地应力状态修正系数K₃的计算公式,并通过木寨岭铁路隧道围岩分级计算进行了验证。     

基于RMR的模糊AHP法在岩体分级中的应用

传统的RMR法采用固定评估因素、固定评分方式进行岩体分级,其评分过程中存在着许多不确定性和主观性,在地质条件复杂的情况下岩体分级效果差.为了改变RMR法存在的不足,本文在参考RMR法的基础之上,提出了将AHP法应用于岩体分级的方案,给出了模型计算流程.将岩体分级看作一个多属性决策问题,根据实际情况可随机加入或减少影响岩...     

Fuzzy set approaches to classification of rock masses

Rock mass classification is analogous to multi-feature pattern recognition problem. The objective is to assign a rock mass to one of the pre-defined classes using a given set of criteria. This process involves a number of subjective uncertainties stemming from: (a) qualitative (linguistic) criteria; (b) sharp class boundaries; (c) fixed rating (or weight) scales; and (d) variable input reliability. Fuzzy set theory enables a soft approach to account for these uncertainties by allowing the expert to participate in this process in several ways. Hence, this study was designed to investigate the earlier fuzzy rock mass classification attempts and to devise improved methodologies to utilize the theory more accurately and efficiently. As in the earlier studies, the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) system was adopted as a reference conventional classification system because of its simple linear aggregation.

The proposed classification approach is based on the concept of partial fuzzy sets representing the variable importance or recognition power of each criterion in the universal domain of rock mass quality. The method enables one to evaluate rock mass quality using any set of criteria, and it is easy to implement. To reduce uncertainties due to project- and lithology-dependent variations, partial membership functions were formulated considering shallow (<200 m) tunneling in granitic rock masses. This facilitated a detailed expression of the variations in the classification power of each criterion along the corresponding universal domains. The binary relationship tables generated using these functions were processed not to derive a single class but rather to plot criterion contribution trends (stacked area graphs) and belief surface contours, which proved to be very satisfactory in difficult decision situations. Four input scenarios were selected to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach in different situations and with reference to the earlier approaches.     

金沙江某电站钙质砂(砾)岩溶蚀对岩体质量的控制作用

拟建电站位于金沙江上。其坝址区区域地质构造复杂,分布侏罗系中统河湖相沉积的厚层砂(砾)岩。其下部钙质砂(砾)岩在地下水作用下产生溶蚀现象。这些溶蚀岩体的发育使得岩体强度降低,影响坝基的抗滑稳定和压缩变形。论文在坝址区工程地质条件评价及岩体质量分级的基础上,利用岩体弹性波速的变化,深入研究了钙质砂(砾)岩溶蚀对岩体质量的控制作用,提出初步的岩体质量分级修正标准,得到坝区的岩体质量分级体系。其结果可直接为工程岩体稳定性评价提供基础依据。     

Application of the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for prediction of a rock engineering classification system

The rock engineering classification system is based on six parameters defined by Bieniawski [5], who employed parallel sets of linguistic and numerical criteria that were acknowledged to influence the behaviour of rock masses and the stability of rock structures. Consequently, experts frequently relate rock joints and discontinuities as well as ground water conditions in linguistic terms, with rough calculations. Recently, intelligence system approaches such as artificial neural network (ANN) and neuro-fuzzy methods have been used successfully for time series modelling. Using neuro-fuzzy approaches, which enable the information that is stored in trained networks to be expressed in the form of a fuzzy rule base, would help to overcome this issue. This paper presents the results of a study of the application of neuro-fuzzy methods to predict rock mass rating. We note that the proposed weights technique was applied in this process. We show that neuro-fuzzy methods give better predictions than conventional modelling approaches.     

建筑边坡岩体分类及其应用合理性研究

当前的建筑边坡岩体分类不含外倾软弱结构面控制的边坡和倾倒崩塌型破坏的边坡,把岩体完整程度、结构面结合程度、结构面产状、岩石坚硬程度和地下水发育程度作为分类因素。对这种分类及其应用存在的问题进行了分析。研究表明,这个分类在分类规律、分类对象、分类因素等方面均不合理,也没有实际意义,已有的关于岩体性状的通用分类和专用于边坡的单因素分类对于边坡工程已经够用。提出了取消专用于边坡的岩体综合分类的建议。     

隧道掘进机施工条件下的隧洞围岩分类方法探讨

针对隧道掘进机(Tunnel Boring Machine--TBM)施工隧洞中的围岩分类问题,指出TBM施工条件下的隧洞围岩分类应针对围岩的可钻掘性,充分考虑影响TBM掘进效率的主要工程地质因素,提出了在《工程岩体分级标准》围岩稳定性基本分级的基础上,依据岩石的单轴抗压强度、岩石的耐磨性和岩体的完整性将TBM施工条件下的隧洞围岩分为A(好)、B(一般)、C(差)3个级别的围岩分类新方法。     

国标岩体质量分级的简化方法

我国现行的《工程岩体分级标准》GB 50218-94在确定岩体基本质量指标BQ时较繁琐,为此将BQ公式和规范条文表格制成曲线图,根据岩石的单轴饱和抗压强度和岩体完整性系数,由曲线图可以方便地确定BQ和质量等级。为了便于在施工中确定岩体强度等多种物理力学指标,还编制了BQ与指标的关系图表。通过在工程实例中的应用,证明上述图表简单实用。     

Visualization of rock mass classification systems

A rock mass classification system is intended to classify and characterize the rock masses, provide a basis for estimating deformation and strength properties, supply quantitative data for mine support estimation, and present a platform for communication between exploration, design and construction groups. In most widely used rock mass classification systems, such as RMR and Q systems, up to six parameters are employed to classify the rock mass. Visualization of rock mass classification systems in multi-dimensional spaces is explored to assist engineers in identifying major controlling parameters in these rock mass classification systems. Different visualization methods are used to visualize the most widely used rock mass classification systems. The study reveals that all major rock mass classification systems tackle essentially two dominant factors in their scheme, i.e., block size and joint surface condition. Other sub-parameters, such as joint set number, joint space, joint surface roughness, alteration, etc., control these two dominant factors. A series two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and multi-dimensional visualizations are created for RMR, Q, Rock Mass index RMi and Geological Strength Index (GSI) systems using different techniques. In this manner, valuable insight into these rock mass classification systems is gained.