用TOR方法估计海浪二阶谱

介绍了估计二阶谱的TOR方法,较合理地确定了TOR方法中AR模型的阶数,并首次将其应用于实际海浪过程的二阶谱估计。结果表明,用TOR方法对较短的波面序列进行二阶谱估计时,明显优于传统的周期图方法。     

均匀水底上二维随机波面的二阶谱

本文用摄动方法导出了均匀水底上精确至二阶的二维随机波动解。依据此解并将二阶谱定义为三阶矩函数的Fourier变换,首次给出了精确至二阶的二维随机波面二阶谱的理论表达式并简略地考虑了它的各个组成部分的物理意义。     

二阶谱理论及其在海浪研究中的应用

为了使人们能方便掌握、合理选择估计二阶谱的方法，对目前现有估计二阶谱的相关函数方法、周期图方法、ＴＯＲ方法和ＣＴＯＭ方法作了较详尽地介绍，并比较了各种方法的优缺点，最后重点讨论二阶谱于海浪研究中的应用及已取得的成果。     

海浪二阶谱及其估计

本文扼要叙述了研究海浪二阶谱的意义,着重介绍了二阶谱的定义与概念,列举了现有几种估计二阶谱的方法,并对其周期图方法中相关函数的定义及推导过程作了更正。另外,我们用实测波面记录进行二阶谱估计,通过分析,得到了一些有益的结果。最后,本文对今后二阶谱的研究提出了一些设想。     

海浪非线性性的实验研究——Ⅱ.风浪二阶谱及其与非线性外观特征间的关系

本文介绍海浪非线性性实验研究的第二部分.利用实验资料,通过二阶谱分析,从内部结构上揭示部分风浪非线性的特征,以及这些特征随风速、风区、水深的变化规律,并建立风浪二阶谱、二阶相干谱与风浪非线性外观特征之间的关系.     

基于RD谱轮廓线的高频地波雷达二阶谱提取

雷达回波谱中的噪声和目标回波会对二阶谱的提取造成困难。基于地波雷达海面回波谱特性,提出了一种采用距离-多普勒谱(RD谱)轮廓线结合一阶和二阶谱特点的二阶谱提取方法。此方法可以通过计算机自动实现对二阶谱的提取,有利于大批数据的分析和工程化系统的实时处理。利用该方法对典型实测雷达回波数据进行了处理和分析。结果表明,RD谱轮廓线能够反映一阶谱和二阶谱的特征,并且不易受噪声和目标的影响;从RD谱轮廓线获得的二阶谱分界点,可以为一维多普勒回波谱中的二阶谱提取提供参考,能够较好地避免由于目标和噪声的影响而导致的二阶谱边界误判问题,准确地分离二阶谱。     

太平洋月平均水位变化中的周期成分

为了研究太平洋月平均水位变化中的周期成分,本文根据作者改进的月平均水位周期信号分析方法,分析了太平洋236个水位站的月平均序列.对其中大于45a的序列进行二阶谱和二阶凝聚谱分析,表明这些序列中有的周期成分相位相关性显着.因此采用考虑非线性效应的混合谱周期分析方法,即重复进行最大熵谱分析及周期检验和最小二乘滤波,逐次检验并滤掉最显着的周期分量,求得序列中的显着周期.结果表明水位序列的振动周期因站而异,并非固定不变.讨论了准2a大气振动周期、与埃尔尼诺事件相关的3～7a周期、太阳黑子、双太阳黑子和25～30a超长振动周期的存在.周期振动的迟角和振幅的区域分布和变化对月平均水位的预测具有重要意义;为此对检验出的显着周期根据物理背景作进一步判别,从中选出较客观合理者作为月平均水位序列的拟合周期.用这样的周期分量加线性趋势项拟合月平均水位序列,求得相应的振幅和初相角及线性趋势项.     

CTOM方法于海浪二阶谱估计中的应用

自从Hasselmann等人[1]于1963年首次把二阶谱应用于海浪研究以来,二阶谱作为研究随机过程二阶非线性的有效工具,已在许多领域(包括海洋学、地球物理学、流体力学、等离子物理、电讯等)得到广泛应用.人们通过对被研究过程的二阶谱分析,获取在功率谱分析中得不到的信息,能够从其内部结构上比较合理地描述、解释如波-波相互作用、组成波之间能量传输等非线性现象.二阶谱分析技术现正日益受到人们的重视.     

基于EOS-ELM的高频地波雷达有效波高反演

高频地波雷达(HFSWR)海面回波谱中包含海态信息,通常基于一阶谱和二阶谱特征信息分别建立拟合模型来反演有效波高,但是单独利用一阶和二阶谱信息来反演波高,会分别存在一阶谱能量饱和和二阶谱信噪比低的问题。本文基于集成在线顺序极限学习机(EOS-ELM)的方法,利用高频地波雷达数据,综合考虑一阶谱和二阶谱的特征信息来进行有效波高的反演。学习机能够有效选择一阶谱和二阶谱信息,使结果达到最优化,从而提高有效波高的反演精度。针对低海况的数据,本文通过分析确定波高分类阈值,将数据分段进行波高反演,进一步提高了波高反演的精度。     

南海海温的变化规律及其对我国气候的影响研究

用自然正交子数、方差极大正交旋转的因子分析方法，最大熵谱、交叉谱、相关分析以及大气环流模式等多种方法从多个方面分析了南海海温变化的基本规律，南海与太平洋海温异常的联强机制、南海海温异常对我国降水的影响和机制以及数值试验研究。     

三阶Stokes型随机波浪载荷谱研究

应用非线性谱分析理论，对三阶Stokes型随机波浪载荷谱进行了分析，将波面方程及海水质点的水平速度用一阶波面的非线性组表示，导出了随机波浪谱的表达式。为了便于求解随机波浪的载荷谱，将阻力项展开为幂级数式，并应用非线性谱分析理论，确定了幂级数的系数，进而将波浪载荷表示为一阶波面及其导数的非线性组合，最后得出波浪载荷谱密度的表达式，并应用数值分析方法，得出单位桩柱波浪力及总波浪力谱密度。     

Spectral analysis of Stokes waves

The spectral properties of Stokes waves are shown in this paper by theoretical and numerical methods. This is done by expressing wave profiles and velocities of water particles as nonlinear combinations of the first order component of wave profiles. Under the assumption of the first order wave profiles being zero mean Gaussian processes, the relationship between autocorrelation functions of wave profiles and velocities of water particles and the first order component of wave profiles is established using the nonlinear spectral analysis. The spectral densities of nonlinear random waves, the velocities and accelerations of water particles are then obtained. Numerical computations are carried out to analyze the effect of fundamental parameters of waves. The results indicate that wave height is the most sensible parameter to the root mean squares related and wave depth is the least sensible one of all.     

An experimental study of the relations between bispectra and nonlinear apparent features of wind waves

To investigate the nonlinear properties of wind waves, experiments are carried out in a wind-wave flume with slope bottom at different wind speeds and fetches. Both the internal structure and apparent features of the nonlin-earity of wind waves are studied by using bispectral and statistical analysis of surface elevations. The relations between bispectra and nonlinear apparent characteristics of wind waves are established and confirmed.     

Spectral Analysis of Nonlinear Drag Forces

The spectral properties of nonlinear drag forces of random waves on vertical circular cylinders are analyzed in this paper by means of nonlinear spectral analysis. The analysis provides basic parameters for estimation of the characteristic drag forces. Numerical computation is also performed for the investigation of the effects of nonlinearity of the drag forces.The results indicate that the wave drag forces calculated by linear wave theory are larger than those calculated by the third order Stokes wave theory for given waves. The difference between them increases with wave height. The wave drag forces calculated by use of hnear approximation are about 5% smaller than their actual values when measured in the peak values of spectral densities. This will result in a safety problem for the design of offshore structures. Therefore, the nonlinear effect of wave drag forces should be taken into comidemtion in design and application of important offshore structures.     

Stokes波的谱特性分析

应用理论推导及数值计算方法，对Stokes随机波的谱特性进行了分析。首先将波面方程，海水质点水平速度用一阶波面分量的非线性组合表示，应用平稳随机高阶短的降阶计算法则，得到了波面方程及海水质点水平速度与一阶波面分量的自相关函数之间的关系，从而确定了Stokes随机波浪的波浪谱密度及海水质点水平速度和加速度谱密度，进而求得有关波浪要素的均方根值。文章还应有数值计算方法，分析了波浪基本参数对均方根值的影响。     

Finite element analysis of two-dimensional nonlinear sloshing problems in random excitations

A two-dimensional nonlinear random sloshing problem is analyzed by the fully nonlinear wave velocity potential theory based on the finite element method. A rectangular container filled with liquid subjected to specified horizontal random oscillations is studied. Both wave elevation and hydrodynamic force are obtained. The spectra of random waves and forces have also been investigated, and the effects of the peak frequencies and spectral width of the specified spectrum used for the generation of the random oscillations are discussed. It is found that the energy mainly concentrates at the natural frequencies of the container and is dominant at the ith order natural frequency when the peak frequency is close to the ith order natural frequency. Some results are compared between the fully nonlinear solutions, the linear solutions and the linear plus second-order solutions.     

Second-Order Analytic Solutions of Nonlinear Interactions of Edge Waves on A Plane Sloping Bottom

Based on the full water-wave equation,a second-order analytic solution for nonlinear interaction of short edge waves on a plane sloping bottom is presented in this paper.For special case of slope angle β=π/2,this solution can reduced to the same order solution of deep water gravity surface waves traveling along parallel coastline.Interactions between two edge waves including progressive,standing and partially reflected standing waves are also discussed.The unified analytic expressions with transfer functions for kinematic-dynamic elements of edge waves are also given.The random model of the unified wave motion processes for linear and nonlinear irregular edge waves is formulated,and the corresponding theoretical autocorrelation and spectral density functions of the first and the second orders are derived.The boundary conditions for the determination of the parameters of short edge wave are suggested,that may be seen as one special simple edge wave excitation mechanism and an extension to the sea wave refraction theory.Finally some computation results are demonstrated.     

Second-Oorder Analytic Solutions of Nonlinear Interactions of Edge Waves on A Plane Sloping Bottom

Based on the full water-wave equation, a second-order analytic solution for nonlinear interaction of short edge waves on a constant plane sloping bottom is presented in this paper. For special case of slope angle b=p/2, this solution can be reduced to the same order solution of deep water gravity surface waves traveling along parallel coastline. Interactions between two edge waves including progressive, standing and partially reflected standing waves were also discussed. The unified analytic expressions with transfer functions for kinematic-dynamic elements of edge waves were also discussed. The random model of the unified wave motion processes for linear and nonlinear irregular edge waves is formulated, and the corresponding theoretical autocorrelation and spectral density functions of the first and second orders are derived. The boundary conditions for the determining determination of the parameters of short edge wave are suggested, that may be seen as one special simple edge wave excitation mechanism and an extension to the sea wave refraction theory. Finally some computation results are demonstrated.     

ROTARY SPECTRAL ESTIMATION AND ITS APPLIED EXAMPLES FOR OCEAN CURRENT VECTOR TIME SERIES

The mathematical background of the rotary spectral estimation of the ocean current vector and the related rotary variates are described briefly in this paper, some achievements in the confidence intervals of the rotary spectral estimator of the vector are summerized. On this basis, the expectation and variance expressions for the autospectral estimator of the rotary spectrum of vector are derived by resorting to some hypotheses and results of the scalar spectral estimator. And then its confidence interval is given. Finally, some computation examples for the rotary spectral estimator of vector are furnished.