低温对百合鳞茎内源激素含量变化的影响

以东方百合Siberia和Tiber为试验材料,进行恒温和变温的低温处理,采用高效液相色谱法测定在不同冷藏解除休眠时期赤霉素(GA3)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)和玉米素(ZT)4种内源激素含量。结果表明,恒温处理Tiber先解除休眠,同样处理同期种植的百合鳞茎,Tiber比Siberia一般早出苗7 d左右;变温处理比恒温处理ABA含量降低,说明变温处理对百合鳞茎解除休眠有促进作用,可以缩短解除休眠需要的时间,一般变温处理的比恒温处理的早8 d出苗,且变温处理有利于百合生长量的增加,Tiber茎粗和株高分别增加了23.1%、10.1%,同时Siberia分别增加了5.9%和16.6%。变温处理GA3含量Tiber高于恒温处理,Siberia低于恒温处理,品种之间对温度处理的响应有差异。百合鳞茎休眠的解除与IAA/ABA、ZT/ABA、GA3/ABA比值有关,变温Siberia和Tiber的3种比值都在60 d后逐渐升高,说明冷藏60 d可作为鳞茎解除休眠的临界点,为进一步研究百合鳞茎的休眠机理提供了重要线索。     

α-萘乙酸钠对温室辣椒产量和内源激素水平的影响

以陇椒2号为试验材料,研究了α-萘乙酸钠对荒漠区日光温室辣椒产量和内源激素水平的影响。结果表明:叶面喷施35 mg·L-1的α-萘乙酸钠显著提高了辣椒生育后期的单果重,降低了辣椒不同生育阶段的落花落果率,改善了辣椒植株的营养条件,加速了辣椒根系和地上部分中后期的生长速率和干物质积累量,提高了辣椒不同生育阶段单株的产量。单果重和单株平均产量较对照分别提高15.76%和43.18%,落花落果率较对照降低19.77%。叶面喷施30～35 mg·L-1的α-萘乙酸钠显著降低了辣椒植株生长过程中叶片内源激素脱落酸（ABA）和吲哚乙酸（IAA）的含量,而且浓度越高,效果越明显;改变了辣椒叶片内源激素赤霉素（GA）和玉米素（ZR）的浓度和分布。辣椒植株的单株产量与叶片内源激素ZR含量正相关,与IAA和ABA的含量负相关,与GA相关性不显著。     

低温和赤霉素对百合鳞茎休眠解除的影响

以百合品种“西伯利亚”为材料,研究了低温和赤霉素（GA₃）处理对百合鳞茎休眠解除过程中形态和碳水化合物含量的影响,以及不同温度条件下鳞茎不同部位内源GA₃含量的变化。结果表明：低温（5℃）和0.15 g·L^-1 GA₃处理35 d时芽长与鳞茎高比值为67.954%,芽生长点位于鳞茎直立高度约2/3处,解除休眠所需天数最少;鳞茎在0~14 d时淀粉降解最快,第35天时可溶性总糖和还原糖含量最高。低温处理的内层鳞片和芽内源GA₃含量变化显著,且温度越低,变化越明显。低温条件下内层鳞片和芽的内源GA₃含量较高,上升趋势最为明显;而外层鳞片和根的GA₃含量水平较低,变化趋势较小。可见,顶芽和内层鳞片可能为整个鳞茎休眠解除活动的中心。     

温室辣椒果实生长及内源激素含量对外施α-萘乙酸钠的响应

为明确α-萘乙酸钠（α-NaNAA）对辣椒果实生长的调控作用,以陇椒2号为试验材料,研究了荒漠区日光温室辣椒果实生长及内源激素含量对α-NaNAA的响应。结果表明:喷施不同浓度的α-NaNAA能显著增加辣椒果实长度、果实直径、果皮厚度、单果重和干物质积累速率。与对照相比,喷施α-NaNAA加快了果实前期的生长速率,缩短了果实的生长期,处理后20～30 d是辣椒果实迅速增大的时段;提前了果实干重快速增大的开始时间,延缓了结束时间,使果实干重显著增大,而且以35 mg·L-1浓度效果更显著;在辣椒果实的单果重相同时,使果实的成熟期提前10 d左右。喷施α-NaNAA显著增加了辣椒果实的脱落酸（ABA）、赤霉素（GA）和玉米素（ZR）含量,而对吲哚乙酸（IAA）平均含量没有显著影响。分析表明,辣椒果实的单果重与果实生长期中ABA、GA、IAA和ZR的平均含量水平呈显著正相关。     

甘肃几种早熟禾内源激素水平及干旱适应性

以甘肃陇西、清水、秦州野生草地早熟禾为试验材料,商用品种午夜2号为对照,采用优化的HPLC法测定了干旱胁迫下草地早熟禾叶片中玉米素(ZT)、脱落酸(ABA)和吲哆乙酸(IAA)含量的变化.结果表明:干旱胁迫后,清水和秦州野生草地早熟禾植株萎蔫死亡,相比较之下陇西野生草地早熟禾和午夜2号却能够较好地适应干旱逆境.与此同时,供试材料的ZT含量均下降,下降幅度59.25%～66.02%;ABA和IAA含量均先上升后下降,但与对照相比ABA含量显著上升,上升幅度为23.63%～59.55%;IAA含量显著下降, 下降幅度为48.34%～53.35%;此外,供试材料的ZT/IAA、ZT/ABA和(ZT+IAA)/ABA均下降,以减少生长量来主动适应干旱胁迫.在激素水平上评价材料的抗旱性大小为陇西野生草地早熟禾>午夜2号>秦州野生草地早熟禾>清水野生草地早熟禾.     

东方百合低温打破休眠期间碳水化合物及呼吸代谢变化

以东方百合“西伯利亚”为试材,对不同温度（25 ℃和4 ℃）处理下百合外部及内部鳞片的碳水化合物含量和呼吸代谢途径的关键酶进行了测定。结果表明,随着储藏时间的延长,百合淀粉含量不断下降,可溶性糖含量在低温处理中期较高,且外部鳞片变化较内部鳞片变化剧烈,4 ℃低温处理糖化比25 ℃明显;在百合休眠期间,3条主要呼吸代谢途径的关键酶--糖酵解（EMP）途径的丙酮酸激酶（ATP）、三羧酸循环途径（TCA）的琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）和磷酸戊糖途径（PPP）的葡萄糖六磷酸脱氢酶（G6PDH）呈现不同的变化趋势。根据不同途径关键酶的变化趋势判断,处理前30 d,3条主要呼吸途径变化较剧烈,EMP占绝对优势且不断升高,TCA和PPP呈不断下降过程,且内部鳞片变化比外部鳞片明显;其后随着休眠处理时间的延长,EMP不断下降,而TCA和PPP不断得到活化;呼吸强度变化趋势与碳水化合物自然休眠解除的进程基本一致。     

四合木硬枝扦插生根特性的研究

从插穗长度与龄级、外源激素浓度、插穗留叶量、插穗着生部位等方面研究了四合木硬枝扦插生根特性。结果表明：2～3 a生枝条的生根率显著高于4 a以上生枝条的生根率;外源激素浓度对生根有明显的影响,使用50 mg·L-1 ABT1浸泡3 h,生根率可达91%;留叶量的多少对生根有显著影响,随着留叶量的增多,生根率升高;从南、北两个采穗方向采集的插穗,生根率、生根插穗的平均生根数和平均根长之间差异均不显著;采用上部带梢枝条制成的插穗,生根率极显著高于由枝条中部和下部制成的插穗;插后3 d开始出现愈伤组织,并有少量插穗开始生根,插后6 d大部分插穗已愈合、膨大,插后7～10 d为生根高峰期。     

基于多源遥感与再分析数据估算塔克拉玛干沙漠地表净辐射日变化

作为世界第二大流动性沙漠,塔克拉玛干沙漠独特的陆表水热交换过程直接影响中国乃至全球的大气环流运动。将静止气象卫星FY-2F地表温度产品、极地轨道卫星MODIS陆表产品与中国区域高时空分辨率地面气象要素驱动数据集（CMFD）结合,反演得到时间分辨率为3 h、空间辨率为0.1°的2017年塔克拉玛干沙漠地表净辐射,利用塔中气象站观测值验证反演结果,并分析地表净辐射的时空变化特征。结果表明：（1）利用卫星遥感与再分析资料获取的地表特征参数与实测值误差较小,决定系数R²均在0.8以上。（2）地表净辐射模拟值与地面实测值具有较好的一致性,决定系数R²为0.967,均方根误差RMSE为29.193 W·m^-2。（3）地表净辐射日变化呈现明显的单峰型特征：早晚值较低,正午值最高,并且夜间值基本为负且变化幅度不大。（4）地表净辐射夏季>春季>秋季>冬季。（5）沙漠边缘散布的绿洲和农田地区净辐射值最高,沙漠腹地次之,沙漠南缘的昆仑山和阿尔金山冰川覆盖地区净辐射值最低。     

施加外源3-吲哚乙酸和硝酸铜胁迫下凤眼蓝和菹草生长生理指标和酶活性

选择菹草(Potamogeton crispus)和凤眼蓝(Eichhornia crassipes),分别设置不同浓度(10μmol/L、20μmol/L、50μmol/L和100μmol/L、150μmol/L、200μmol/L)的外源3-吲哚乙酸(Indole-3-acetic acid,IAA),于2018年1月26日～2月3日,进行室内水培实验,研究其对Cu(NO_3)_2胁迫下菹草和凤眼蓝抗氧化酶活性和Cu~(2+)含量的影响,分析了IAA产生作用的机理。研究结果表明,在Cu(NO_3)_2胁迫下,施加外源IAA能显著提高菹草和凤眼蓝的根长和叶绿素含量,菹草的根长和叶绿素含量最高分别为10.24 cm和8.96 mg/L,凤眼蓝的分别为7.65 cm和12.27 mg/L,但是降低了其丙二醛含量(n=6,p0.05)。在Cu(NO_3)_2胁迫下,添加IAA使凤眼蓝和菹草的超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性显著增强(n=6,p0.05),在施加高浓度IAA条件下,菹草的过氧化氢酶活性却受到抑制,为14.45 U/mg。施加IAA后,凤眼蓝各部位和菹草根中的Cu~(2+)含量显著增加(n=4,p0.05),但是菹草茎叶中的Cu~(2+)含量显著减少(n=4,p0.05),且其在Cu(NO_3)_2胁迫+施加高浓度IAA条件下最低。在Cu(NO_3)_2胁迫+IAA条件下,施加中浓度IAA,使凤眼蓝和菹草的转运系数最小,分别为0.30和1.21。外源IAA通过提高两种植物的抗氧化酶活性和降低膜脂过氧化物含量,缓解了Cu(NO_3)_2胁迫对两种植物的毒害,增强了植物对Cu(NO_3)_2的耐受能力,凤眼蓝比菹草具有更强的抗氧化能力。     

兰州百合（Lilium davidii var.unicolor）凋落物分解特性

兰州百合（Lilium davidii var. unicolor）是甘肃省兰州市特产,国家地理标志产品,适生区窄、生长周期长,为了获得较好的经济收益,一般长期连作,凋落物在地表分解。利用凋落物分解袋法对兰州百合器官（叶、茎秆、鳞茎、茎生根、根）的分解速率及对土壤微环境的影响进行了观测研究。结果表明,兰州百合不同器官凋落物分解速率差异显著,分解速率鳞茎>叶>茎>根>茎生根;分解速率的差异由初始化学组成的差异导致,其中氮、碳/氮、木质素/氮对兰州百合凋落物分解速率的影响达到显著水平,磷和镁对分解速率的影响达到极显著水平;兰州百合的根和茎秆分解后会显著改变土壤中有机质、总碳、总磷的含量,促进了百合农田生态系统的物质循环。     

Effects of gibberellic acid on tiller-bulb number and growth performance of Lilium davidii var. unicolor

Lilium davidii var. unicolor(Lanzhou lily) is an important economic crop in the northwest cold and arid regions of China.Effective regulation of tiller-bulb development and plant growth is the key to improving yield and quality of the lily. This study attempted to evaluate the effect of gibberellic acid(GA_3) on tiller-bulb development and plant growth of Lanzhou lily by applying GA_3 at various concentrations(0 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 30 mg/L, 60 mg/L, and 100 mg/L) before planting and in the seedling period. Results showed that the 60-mg/L GA_3 application had an inhibiting effect on tiller-bulb formation and increased the ratios of single and double bulbs but decreased the ratios of bulbs with three or more tiller bulbs, as compared to the control(CK) and other GA_3 treatments. The difference in flower number did not reach significant levels among the treatments. The tillering-related endogenous hormones IAA(indole-3-acetic acid) and Z(zeatin) content decreased, while IAA/Z increased with the 60-mg/L GA_3 treatment during tiller initiation. And also, the shoot-bulb number and total daughter-bulb number decreased significantly with the 60-mg/L GA_3 treatment. Furthermore, the 10-mg/L GA_3 application promoted growth of Lanzhou lily significantly and resulted in an increase in plant height; bulb diameter; bulb circumference; and biomass of shoots, bulbs, fibrous roots, and the whole plant. Therefore, GA_3 application is promising as a new regulation method for inhibiting tiller-bulb development and promoting bulb growth in Lanzhou lily production.     

Effects of indole-3-acetic acid and zinc on the growth, osmotic potential and soluble carbon and nitrogen components of soybean plants growing under water deficit

Three-week old soybean (Glycine max) plants were subjected to a factorial combination of four regimes of soil matric water potential (ψ_m=−0·03, −0·5, −1·0 and −1·5 MPa), two levels of supplementary Zn (O and 20 mgl⁻¹) and two levels of foliar IAA application (O and 10 mgl⁻¹). Under control conditions (no Zn, no IAA), increasing soil drying progressively retarded shoot and root growth (length and dry mass production), reduced leaf relative water content (RWC) and decreased the contents of chlorophyll (Chl) and shoot soluble sugars (SS), but increased soluble sugar content of roots and lowered osmotic water potential of shoots and roots (osmotic adjustment). Total free amino acid (TAA) content increased in shoots but decreased in roots whereas contents of soluble proteins (SP) decreased in shoots and roots. The effect of water stress was statistically significant (p<0·05) and had a major effect (as indicated by η²values) on leaf RWC, shoot and root dry masses and osmotic potential. Supplementary Zn improved root growth at all levels of stress and shoot growth under severe stress. Improvement of growth was positively correlated with the internal tissue Zn concentrations (r=0·91 and 0·86 for shoot and 0·94 and 0·82 for root length and dry mass respectively). Exogenous IAA raised (p<0·05) RWC, Chl, DM (slightly), root SS, and SP, whereas shoot TAA was lowered. Effects on root TAA and shoot SS were more complex: they were lowered at zero stress and raised under severe stress. IAA and Zn in combination had additive effects on Chl, growth and osmotic potential, but their combined effects on SP and TAA were more complex. It is concluded that the treatment of soybean plants grown under conditions of low soil water potentials and Zn deficiency with Zn and IAA solutions counteracted the deleterious effects of stress, especially at high stress levels, and helped stressed plants to grow successfully under these adverse unfavourable conditions.     

几种荒漠植物干旱休眠机理的初步研究

研究了阿拉善荒漠区天然生长的荒漠植物梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)、骆驼蓬(Peganum harmala)、白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)、霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylon)、红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)、珍珠(Salsolapasserina )、油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)叶片的相对含水量、脯氨酸、甜菜碱、海藻糖以及脱落酸(Abscisic Acid,ABA)含量在不同生长季节的变化特征。结果表明,ABA可促进脯氨酸、甜菜碱的积累;脯氨酸在9月累积较多,甜菜碱在7月大量累积,海藻糖在5月和9月积累较多,脱落酸在9月累积较多。脱落酸和脯氨酸对植物休眠可能存在着促进作用。     

模糊隶属法在塔里木河荒漠植物抗旱性评价中的应用

以塔里木河荒漠河岸乔木、灌木、草本植被的代表植物胡杨(Populus euphratica)、柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)和罗布麻(Apocynum venetumas)为研究对象,对塔里木河下游不同区段、不同地下水位状况下胡杨、柽柳和罗布麻体内叶绿素、可溶性糖、脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)和脱落酸(ABA)等主要生理指标和地下水位进行了测定。运用国际通用软件SAS6.12对这十项生理指标和地下水位之间的关系进行了相关性分析,结果表明:亚哈甫马汗断面的柽柳对地下水位的生理响应最为敏感。其次是胡杨和罗布麻;阿拉干断面的差异不大;在所测的十项生理指标中,丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、脱落酸(ABA)对地下水位变化的敏感度最高,其次为过氧化物酶(POD)、生长素(IAA)和分裂素(CK);地下水位是影响塔里木河流域植被生理特性的主要环境因子。在相关分析的基础上运用平均隶属函数法对这三种植物进行抗旱性排序,结果表明:在干旱胁迫下,植物各种生理代谢过程协同作用,共同抵御干旱胁迫,以减少其受伤害程度;就抗旱能力而言,胡杨>柽柳>罗布麻。     

建设国际大都市目标下的中国特大城市资源效率、变化趋势及其成因(英文)

The metropolitan resources comprehensive efficiencies (also called comprehensive technical efficiency, short for CTE, thereafter), change trends and causes are investigated using DEA and Malmquist index models, respectively, in China during the period 1990–2006. Firstly, the DEA model results show that the metropolitan CTE was just fair to middling with the characteristics of almost declining from the Eastern Coastal to Western China, and only few metropolises were DEA efficient. Secondly, the results also show that the PTE was correlated with the urban population sizes of metropolises negatively, and the SE correlated positively with the urban population sizes of metropolises in 1990, 2000 and 2006, that is, with urban population sizes getting larger the corresponding PTE was decreasing accordingly, and the SE was increasing consequently and the increasing rate was smaller with the scale increase. Thirdly, the influencing factors of metropolitan efficiency were SE and PTE in 1990 and 2000, respectively. But the PTE became the predominant influencing factor with the rapid expansions of built-up areas and population scales of metropolises in 2006. Fourthly, the Malmquist index results show that the CTE change trends were increasing weakly, the technological change trends were declining, and the TFP change trends were declining obviously during 1990–2006, in which they were all increasing during the sub-period 1990–2000, and all decreasing during the sub-period 2000–2006. Fifthly, the Malmquist index results also demonstrate that the CTE change trend was increasing weakly in the Eastern Coastal China, declining in Central China, and declining evidently in Western China. And with the urban population size increasing the increasing trends of SE became weaker and weaker. And the main causes for the CTE being not too high and its change trends and TFP change trends being increasing weakly lie mainly in the technological degeneracy and PTE change trends declining significantly during 2000–2006. Finally, the analyses show that the China’s metropolitan population boom and the rapid spread of built-up area had really caused their resources efficiency losses.