A numerical forecasting model of offshore-SST anomaly

INTRODUCTIONTheO-SSTAisdefinedas:theSSTanomalyinoffshoreisover2twiththehorizontalscopeofover1"longitudemultipliedbyl'latitudeandthetime-scalesofover10d.ItisanoutstandingoceanographicphenomenonoccurringagainandagainintheChinaseasinallseasons.TheaffectingfactorsoftheO-SSTAhavebeendiscussedindetail,whichincludebothoftheresponseofupperoceantothestrongatmosphericsystemsandtheshallow-watereffects(Wangetal.,1998).HoweverthereisnoexplorationhowadynamicpredictingmodelofO-SSTAisdeveloped.Th…     

北部湾东北部表层沉积物主微量元素空间分布特征

A multi-index analysis including grain size, major and trace elements is performed on the surface sediments from the northeastern Beibu Gulf to trace the sources of the sediments and to understand the controlling factors for elements distribution. The mean grain size exhibits a wide variation ranging from 0.09Φ to 8.05Φ with an average value of 5.33Φ. The average contents of major elements descend in an order of c(SiO_2)c(Al_2O_3)c(Fe_2O_3)c(CaO)c(MgO)c(K_2O)c(Na_2O)c(TiO_2)c(P_2O_5)c(MnO), while those of trace elements exhibit a descending order of c(Sr)c(Rb)c(V)c(Zn)c(Cr)c(Pb)c(Ni)c(Cu)c(As). On the basis of elementary distribution characteristics and statistical analyses, the study area is divided into the four zones: Zone I is located in the northeastern coastal area of the gulf, which receives large amount of fluvial materials from local rivers in Guangxi and Guangdong, China, and the Qiongzhou Strait; Zone Ⅱ is located in the center of the study area, where surface sediments exhibits a multiple source; Zone Ⅲ is located in the Qiongzhou Strait, where surface sediments are dominated by materials from the Zhujiang River and Hainan; Zone IV is located in the southwest of the study area, where surface sediments are mainly originated from the Red River and Hainan. The statistical analyses of sediment geochemical characteristics reveal that the grain size, which is mainly influenced by hydrodynamics and mineral composition of terrigenous materials, is the leading factor controlling the elementary distribution.Meanwhile, impacts from anthropogenic activities and marine biogenic process will also be taken into consideration.     

Influence of pH on the fluorescence of dissolved organic matter

During two surveys (June, 1980 and March, 1981) the influence of the pH on the fluorescence (mFl) was studied in the Ems-Dollart estuary. In the natural pH range (7–9) the fluorescence (mFl) increased by 16.4%. To express the fluorescence (mFl) at a fixed pH, a formula was derived (see eq. 1). From the results it is concluded that an increase in fluorescence (mFl) does not necessarily include an increase in the concentration of fluorescent matter. For areas where pH changes are possible, it is premature to infer from the increase in fluorescence that the fluorescent matter is produced in situ.     

氮磷营养盐对微氏海链藻细胞生化组成的影响

探讨了高营养盐条件下氮浓度及氮磷摩尔比[n(N):n(P)]异动对微氏海链藻(Thalassiosiraweissflogii)的细胞碱性活性基团含量、细胞干质量、细胞形态及细胞体中碳水化合物、蛋白质、叶绿素含量,即对细胞生命力和表面吸附力的影响。结果表明,n(N):n(P)=16时,叶绿素、碳水化合物和蛋白质含量最高,生长状况及生命力最佳,有利于金属吸收,n(N):n(P)偏离16,各组份含量均减少。碱性活性基团和藻细胞大小,当n(N):n(P)=8时最大,表面吸附金属能力最强;n(N):n(P)=64时最小,不利于金属的吸附。氮磷摩尔比对微氏海链藻细胞体主动吸收和生物吸附金属的影响不同。     

Nonlinear Model of Mean Free Surface of Waves

-A nonlinear model of mean free surface of waves or wave set-up is presented.The model isbased on that of Roelvink(1993),but the numerical techniques used in the solution are based on theWeighted-Average Flux(WAF)method(Watson et al,1992),with Time-Operator-Splitting(TOS)usedfor the treatment of the source terms.This method allows a small number of computational points to beused,and is particularly efficient in modeling wave set-up.The short wave(or primary wave)energy equa-tion is solved by use of a more traditional Lax-Wendroff technique.A nonlinear wave theory(James,1974)is introduced.The model described in this paper is found to be satisfactory in most respects whencompared with the measurements conducted by Stive(1983)except in modeling the mean free surface veryclose to the mean shoreline.     

A new fluorometric method of analysis of selenium in sea water

A new method of determination of selenium and separation of Se(IV) and Se(VI) in sea water is described. The selenium is determined by fluorometric method using Se-DAN complex in cyclohexane media. Prior to the fluorometric determination, Se(IV) is separated from sea water by means of Se(IV)-DDTC complex which is adsorbed on the macroreticular resin. As to the separation of the total selenium from sea water sample, the reduction and coprecipitation method is used. Se(VI) is determined with the same method as used for the total selenium after the separation of Se(IV). The average recoveries are 92.5±1.3% for Se(IV) and 97.4±0.9% for Se. The standard deviation of analytical results is below 10%.     

固定化海藻吸附金属离子的影响因素

研究了固定化海带吸附含铜、镉溶液过程的影响因素,结果表明,在pH为3.0~5.0时对Cu2+保持高的吸附率,在pH为4.0时对Cd2+的吸附率达到最大.随着Cu2+,Cd2+金属离子初始浓度的降低,吸附率有所降低.对Cd2+的吸附率均随着温度的升高而变大.随着吸附剂浓度的增大,对Cu2+,Cd2+的吸附率逐渐升高,与此相反,对Cu2+,Cd2+的吸附量则逐渐减小.粒径对Cu2+的吸附率影响较小,对Cd2+的吸附率有较明显的变化.     

台湾以东黑潮锋的中尺度过程研究

采用海洋再分析结果,研究了海洋涡旋和锋面波动对台湾以东黑潮锋的影响,结果表明,Rossby波第一斜压模态形成的冷涡(暖涡),减弱(增强)台湾以东黑潮温度锋强度,减小(加大)锋的宽度.在再分析结果中,捕获到1991年1-2月台湾以东的一次黑潮锋面波动.锋面波动的波槽(波脊)到达时,该温度锋强度减弱(增强),宽度和厚度减小...     

南海贯穿流季节变化数值模拟研究

本文采用美国伍兹霍尔研究所研发的海洋-大气-波浪-泥沙输运耦合模式COAWST(Coupled Dcean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport)对南海及邻近海域进行了9 km分辨率的数值模拟研究。结果表明,南海贯穿流的季节变化再现了冬强夏弱的特征,在南海内部冬季呈现气旋环流结构,夏季呈现反气旋环流结构,尤其在冬季其流轴结构更为清晰和稳定,海水从吕宋海峡进入南海,从民都洛海峡、卡里马塔海峡、台湾海峡和巴拉巴克海峡流出,吕宋海峡断面流量与其他4个海峡流量合计在数量级上相当,保持南海海水总量不变。吕宋海峡、卡里马塔海峡、民都洛海峡的流量呈现明显相关性,吕宋海峡流量增大时,民都洛海峡和卡里马塔海峡的流量也相应增大,相关系数分别达到0.78和0.9。通过更适于分析中短期变化的简化绕岛环流理论,定量计算2019年吕宋海峡、黑潮和棉兰老流流量与北赤道流分叉点位置的关系,发现夏季北赤道流分叉点NECBL(North Equatorial Current Bifurcation Latitude)偏南,在13.6°N附近;冬季NECBL偏北,在15.6°N左右,同期黑潮流量减少,棉兰老流流量增加,作为南海贯穿流入流的吕宋海峡流量可达13.4 Sv。吕宋海峡输运补偿了北赤道流到达菲律宾海岸后的北向分支的流量,与棉兰老流的流量呈正相关,相关系数达到0.5361。     

Diagnostic calculation of the upper-layer circulation in the South China Sea during the winter of 1998

On the basis of hydrographic data obtained in November 28 to December 27, 1998 cruise, the calculation of the circulation in the South China Sea (SCS) is made by using the P-vector method, in combination with SSH data from TOPEX/ERS-2 analysis. For study of the dynamical mechanism, which causes the pattern of winter circulation in the SCS, the diagnostic model (Yuan et al., 1982; Yuan and Su, 1992) is used to simulate numerically the winter circulation in the SCS. The following results have been obtained. (1) The main characteristics of the circulation systems in the central SCS are as follows: A coastal southward jet in winter is present at the western boundary near the coast of Vietnam; there is a stronger cyclonic circulation with a larger horizontal scale east of this coastal southward jet and west of 114°E; there is a weaker anti-cyclonic circulation in the central part of eastern SCS; there is a stronger and northeastward flow opposing the northeasterly monsoon between above a stronger cyclonic c     

冬季吕宋岛西温度锋的年际变化

Interannual variability of thermal front west of Luzon Island during the winter of 1993–2013 is examined with the method of singular value decomposition(SVD) and a suite of satellite measurements in this paper. It is found that both the area and intensity of the thermal front west of Luzon Island show apparent interannual variability.Further study based on SVD shows that the interannual variability of the thermal front is highly associated with El Ni?o and Southern Oscillation(ENSO), and the correlation coefficient between Ni?o3.4 index and the first Principal Component(PC1) of thermal front can reach –0.65. The mechanism can be described as follows. In El Ni?o(La Ni?a) years, the East Asian winter monsoon(EAWM) is weakened(enhanced), inducing weaker(stronger) local wind stress curl(WSC) west of Luzon Island, and resulting in weakened(enhanced) Luzon cold eddy, which finally leads to the weakening(enhancement) of the thermal front.     

浙江南部近海主要鱼类的时空生态位及种间联结性

基于2016年8月(夏季)、11月(秋季)、2017年3月(冬季)、5月(春季)浙江南部近海的鱼类调查数据,利用生态位宽度、生态位重叠、聚类分析、方差比率法、卡方检验、联结系数以及种对共同出现百分率对主要鱼类种间关系进行研究.结果表明:(1)调查共采集鱼类169种,主要鱼类共有26种;(2)在空间维度上,日本鲭(Sco...     

The state of the art in underwater acoustic telemetry

Progress in underwater acoustic telemetry since 1982 is reviewed within a framework of six current research areas: (1) underwater channel physics, channel simulations, and measurements; (2) receiver structures; (3) diversity exploitation; (4) error control coding; (5) networked systems; and (6) alternative modulation strategies. Advances in each of these areas as well as perspectives on the future challenges facing them are presented. A primary thesis of this paper is that increased integration of high-fidelity channel models into ongoing underwater telemetry research is needed if the performance envelope (defined in terms of range, rate, and channel complexity) of underwater modems is to expand     

Oscillopolarographic determination of microsillicon in seawater

A new oscillopolarographic method for the determination of Si (Ⅳ) is described in this paper. In the system HC1- Sb(Ⅲ) -Mo(Ⅵ) -NaCl-ethyl alcohol, Si (Ⅳ) with Sb (Ⅲ) and Mo (Ⅵ) form ternary heteropoly acid. The anion of ternary heteropoly is adsorbed on the dropping mercury electrobe and under proper electric potentials reduced quickly into heteropoly blue. The process of electrochemical reaction will produce a sensitive polarographic wave with peak potential at- 0. 30(Vs. SCE). The lower limit of determination is 8×10-8 mol/dm3. This method is sensitive, accurate and extremely rapid for the determination of micro-silicon in seawater.     

壳聚糖改性吸附剂的制备及其吸附性能研究

利用壳聚糖与香草醛反应生成的希夫碱壳聚糖(VCG),通过在其一级羟基上进行交联,制备出壳聚糖缩香草醛螯合树脂(S-VCG)。用红外光谱对其结构进行表征,并研究其对重金属离子Cu2 和Pb2 的吸附特性。结果表明:壳聚糖缩香草醛螯合树脂(S-VCG)对Cu2 的平衡吸附时间4h,最大吸附量的pH≈3.2,吸附量约为43.1mg/g,对Pb2 平衡吸附时间5h,最大吸附量的pH≈4,吸附量约为110mg/g。S-VCG具有较强的抗酸性。     

南黄海和珠江口海区非色素颗粒物光谱吸收特性

文章对南黄海(ST03)和珠江口(ST07)海区不同季节的非色素颗粒物吸收光谱数据进行分析,通过分析404个站位的实测数据,得到非色素颗粒物吸收光谱的特点,结果显示两个海区夏季测量的吸收系数在特征波段(440 nm)的吸收值均小于其他季节测量的吸收值。同时,对非色素颗粒物吸收光谱经验斜率进行分析,ST03夏季Sd=0.009 1 nm-1(标准偏差=0.000 8 nm-1),ST03春季Sd=0.009 6 nm-1(标准偏差=0.000 7 nm-1),ST07夏季Sd=0.008 3 nm-1(标准偏差Sd=0.001 8 nm-1),ST07冬季Sd=0.009 7 nm-1(标准偏差=0.000 9 nm-1)。对获取的经验斜率进行验证,评价其在同一海区不同季节的适应性,结果显示经验斜率的应用效果良好。     

台湾以东黑潮锋的中尺度过程研究

采用海洋再分析结果,研究了海洋涡旋和锋面波动对台湾以东黑潮锋的影响,结果表明,Rossby波第一斜压模态形成的冷涡(暖涡),减弱(增强)台湾以东黑潮温度锋强度,减小(加大)锋的宽度.在再分析结果中,捕获到1991年1-2月台湾以东的一次黑潮锋面波动.锋面波动的波槽(波脊)到达时,该温度锋强度减弱(增强),宽度和厚度减小...     

Demand-side fishery management: integrating two forms of input control

A fishery management approach is presented which combines (1) a buyback of fishing vessels, and (2) a management tax or fee on seafood going to market. Tax rate by species is set proportional to the extent of overexploitation. Tax revenue is used for several purposes, including a buyback of licenses at free-market price. Advantages and disadvantages of this policy are discussed, with specific comparison to individual transferable quotas (ITQs). This regulatory policy offers advantages (1) for multispecies fisheries, (2) with ecosystem fishery management, (3) where self-funded financing for license buyback is needed, and in place of or together with ITQs (4) where allocation, discarding and highgrading, quota setting, or enforcement of ITQs is problematic.     

Calculation of circulation in the South China Sea during summer of 2000 by the modified inverse method

On the basis of hydrographic data obtained in August 2000 cruise, the circulation in the South China Sea (SCS) is computed by the modified inverse method in combination with SSH data from TOPEX/ERS-2 analysis. For study of the dynamical mechanism, which causes the pattern of summer circulation in the SCS, the diagnostic model (Yuan et al. 1982. Acta Oceanologica Sinica,4(1):1-11; Yuan and Su. 1992. Numerical Computation of Physical Oceanography.474-542) is used to simulate numerically the summer circulation in the SCS. The following results     

First observation of Karlodinium veneficum from the East China Sea and the coastal waters of Germany

Harmful algal blooms often occurred in the East China Sea (ECS) and the German coastal waters of the North Sea but Karlodinium veneficum had not been taxonomically reported. Two strains of Karlodinium (LAMB090611 and LAMB010601) were isolated from the two areas in 2009. The morphological characteristics and molecular phylogeny of two strains are compared on the basis of observation of a light microscope, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a laser scanning micro-scope (LSM) and an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data. The mean cell length of strain LAMB090611 is (14.2 ± 1.8) μm (range 11.1-18.7 μm) and mean width is (10.8 ± 1.5) μm (range 8.2- 14.7 μm). The mean cell length of strain LAMB010601 is (15.1 ± 1.2) μm (range 12.7-17.9 μm) and the mean width is (11.4 ± 1.1) μm (range 9.1-14.7 μm), respectively. The two strains are similar in morphological characteristics, including a straight apical groove, distinct ventral pore, sulcal extension, cingulum displacement, two or four irregular shaped chloroplasts within the cell and almost equal sized epicone and hypocone. The large and round nucleus is located at the center or at the hypocone of the cell. The sequence length of the ECS strain LAMB090611 and the German strain LAMB010601 is 640 and 646 bp, respectively. The GC content is 49%. The nucleotide similarity of the two strains is 98.1%. The sequence divergence is 0.003. Both strains are confirmed as Karlo-dinium veneficum (D. Ballantine) J. Larsen and this is the first taxonomic report from China and Germany coastal waters. The population dynamics of this toxic species in the ECS and German coastal waters needs to be investigated in the near future.