论我国火山旅游资源的地学特征

文章通过对我国火山旅游资源地学特征的探讨,认为我国火山旅游资源主要形成于古生代、中生代和新生代3个不同地质作用时期.古生代的火山旅游资源区以玄武岩为主,中生代主要为中酸性流纹质火山岩和火山碎屑岩,而新生代则以玄武岩和安山岩为主.空间分布上,受岛弧环境、陆缘环境、陆内环境和碰撞造山带环境的控制.火山地貌可划分为火山喷发-喷溢堆积型地貌、侵蚀地貌和构造地貌3大类型.     

广西贵港市龙头山火山—次火山岩型金矿床地质特征

本文根据“七五”项目:《广西贵港市龙头山金矿床地质特征及找矿方向》的研究成果基础上撰写而成。文中侧重地论述了火山机构与矿床特征,并探讨了矿床成困。研究认为:矿床构造是一个晚中生代的残存火山颈机构。在其管道内的隐爆角砾岩、火山角砾岩、角砾熔岩、流纹斑岩和花岗斑岩等岩相带以及中酸性脉岩相,均属贫硅、富钾钙碱性系列的铝过饱和类岩石,是一套陆相中心式火山—次火山喷发—侵入岩系,属同源不同阶段的产物;该矿床金矿体受火山颈机构内的角砾状岩石及其内外接触带的断裂构造控制,多呈直立脉状,具有火山岩型与断裂充填型两类金矿化;成矿物质与流体主要源于火山岩浆喷气、热液,应属火山—次火山岩热液型金矿床。     

华峰尖火山通道地球物理场地球化学异常特征及其与成矿作用的关系

治岭头金银矿及杨梅岗铅锌矿、治岭头黄铁矿均生成在华峰尖火山通道的边缘断裂带内。研究火山构造不但对找矿和成矿预测有重要意义,而且对研究矿床的生成时代、成因类型也有重要意义。治岭头金银矿虽然生成在陈蔡群变质岩的糜棱岩带内,许多研究者认为是变质热液矿床。从矿体的产出部位与火山通道的关系看：应为火山热液矿床,生成时代应为燕山早期。     

五大连池到底有多少火山——解读五大连池火山喷发新史料之二

五大连池到底有多少火山？很多人都会脱口而出：14座。其实,除了传统上说的14座之外,还有9座和25座之说。为什么同一个火山群对火山数量的认识会有这么大的差异呢？这里有一个按什么标准来计算的问题,这也是火山成因的“山”比一般的山要复杂的原因所在。我们所说的火山,通常是指火山喷出物在喷火口周围堆积而成的山丘,也叫火山锥。     

五大连池火山喷发观测史料被发现：老黑山火山喷发有新说法

本报讯 近日，五大连池火山考证取得新的进展。藏于清代黑龙江将军衙门档案中有关五大连池火山喷发的观测史料被发现，这些史料详细记述了我国境内最后一次大规模喷发的五大连池老黑山、火烧山火山喷发的时间、进程、火山堰塞湖的形成和当时清布特哈官兵对其观测丈量以及黑龙江将军向康熙皇帝奏报火山喷发的情况等。这部分档案全部为满文，为首次发现。     

华夏一绝天下奇观--走进漳州滨海火山地质公园

漳州滨海火山地质公园,位于福建漳州市漳浦-龙海的滨海地带,面积318.64平方公里。区内多属滨海丘陵地带,植被茂盛,水上保持良好,水资源丰富,海湾沙滩坡缓、沙净、水蓝,素有鱼米花果之乡的美称。滨海火山地质公园,是在距今2000万年前左右,先后由15次火山喷发留下的珍贵自然遗产。经中科院等单位专家考察鉴定,认为有四种火山地貌景观为世界罕见:一是龙海隆教牛头山古火山口以其机理完整、层次清楚,被称为“火山盆景”;二是牛头山古火山景区八大景观之一的聚敛节理形成的“西     

栾川北部眼窑寨古火山喷发机构地质特征

本区熊耳群可划分为两个喷发旋回及五个地层组。自下而上,第一旋回包括磨石沟组、张合庙组、焦园组;第二旋回包括坡前街组、眼窑寨组。熊耳群古火山岩包括喷发相、火山管道相、次火山相及火山喷发沉积相。其喷发机构中央,发育一个熔岩穹丘带。伴随中央喷发,侧向火山活动环绕中央喷发带产生了一系列不同级别的古火山构造,包括熔岩穹丘、喷发盆地、溢流通道、爆发通道等形式,并形成一个环状卫星式的古火山构造群。     

五大连池火山堰塞湖到底有几个——解读五大连池火山喷发新史料之三

提起“五大连池”,自然会使人联想到像珍珠项链一样五个相连的火山堰塞湖。然而,它们是什么时候形成的？是否只有5个？迄今还没有像当地火山那样,吸引学者进行过深入研究。     

浅谈火山作用

地壳深处的岩浆喷出地壳便产生了火山现象，所引起的全部地质过程称为火山作用。火山喷发是一种极为壮观而令人生畏的自然现象，介绍了火山喷发主要的3种形式、火山作用造成的灾害类型和中国的火山特点，以及自全新世以来我国有过喷发活动的8个主要活火山。提出了要加强认识火山的活动规律、形成过程、喷发机理，开展监测，采取对策，防灾减灾。     

地球内热的调节器--火山

火山，这个名词对于大多数人来说是熟悉的，但真正亲眼见过火山喷发的人却为数不多。神秘、陌生的火山一直是人类研究、探索的自然现象。     

Dating for Jifanggou metamorphic complex in central Jilin and its tectonic implications

Based on the results of four regional geological surveys of 1: 50000 including Shulan County map in Jilin,taking Shulan area as the study area,the authors re-delineated the rock type assemblages,e.g. metamorphic rhyolite,metamorphic tuffaceous breccia lava,sericite-quartz schist and tremolite altered rock,etc.,and the structural contacts between them. With the help of in-situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating for zircons,it is concluded that the zircon crystallization ages of the metamorphic rhyolite,the metamorphic andesitic tuff breccia lava and the tremolite altered rock are 339. 1 ± 1. 3 Ma( n = 27,MSWD = 0. 78),351. 8 ± 1. 7 Ma( n = 21,MSWD = 0.82),and 362.0±1.8 Ma( n = 43,MSWD = 2.2) respectively. The metamorphic complex is actually a set of tectonic melange which comprises the rocks in different types,sources,times,or tectonic settings,and was formed by tectonism.     

额尔古纳地区中生代火山岩形成环境的研究

额尔古纳地区中生代火山活动强烈,其主要的活动期间为晚侏罗世至早白垩世（１５０～１００Ｍａ）。根据新的岩石化学、稀土、微量元素、稳定同位素、构造等方面的分析结果得出以下认识：１．该区中生代火山岩来源较深,具幔源特征,岩浆形成在总体呈挤压背景的环境中,使得岩浆在演化过程中混入了大量的壳源物质;２．中生代火山岩大致分两个亚旋回,其中塔木兰沟组（Ｊ３ｔ）火山岩和上库力组（Ｋ１ｓ）火山岩是同一岩浆亚旋回的产物。     

稀有金属伟晶岩过度冷却与侵位之关系——基于野外地质观察及年代学的思考

稀有金属伟晶岩的结晶过程是认识其成矿作用的重要方面.前人利用冷却模型所推测出的侵入变质围岩的伟晶岩冷却时间为几天至几千年,但对侵位于花岗岩中伟晶岩的结晶过程缺乏相关研究.基于此,对新疆大喀拉苏及镜儿泉地区稀有金属伟晶岩的野外地质观察及年代学研究显示,两处伟晶岩的侵位模式不同,侵位时花岗岩围岩的温度有别.大喀拉苏1号伟晶...     

中条山涑水杂岩的同位素年代学研究及其地质意义

中条山是中国重要的铜多金属成矿带,拥有著名的晚太古代"变斑岩型"铜矿峪大型铜矿床和元古代"层控型"胡家峪—篦子沟铜矿床,近年来又在中条山西南段的涑水杂岩中发现以变基性火山岩(斜长角闪岩)为容矿岩石的桃花洞铜矿。为了弄清楚该铜矿的形成时代及其成矿地质背景,利用电感耦合等离子质谱(LA-MC-ICP-MS)方法对桃花洞铜矿容矿围岩—涑水杂岩中的寨子—西姚灰色片麻岩、斜长角闪岩及二长花岗岩进行了同位素年代学研究。结果表明:寨子—西姚灰色片麻岩、斜长角闪岩脉和二长花岗岩中锆石的岩浆结晶年龄分别为(2 625±11)、(2 592±16)、(2 548±15)Ma;岩石中古老继承性锆石的年龄分别为(2 790±15)、(2 773±24)、(2 782±34)Ma;三种不同成生顺序的岩石中均有大于2 700Ma的锆石存在,且年龄相当接近;中条山地区涑水杂岩可能最初形成于太古代。涑水杂岩作为与成矿关系密切的容矿围岩,其成岩时代可以间接指示成矿时代,由此得出赋存在变基性火山岩层中的古火山含矿原岩建造型铜矿有可能是中国最古老的铜矿之一。     

APPLICATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL VISULIZATION IN SIMULATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL LANDSCAPE EVOL VEMENT

The value of application of three-dimensional visualization and animation technique in dynamic simulation of geographical landscape formation is analyzed and, in particular, how to simulate the formation and evolvement of geographical landscape in temporal dimension is discussed thoroughly. Based on various modeling tools in 3DS MAX and original DEM data of the study area acquired from topographic map, real three-dimensional terrain model is generated by using the method of three-dimensional mesh approximation through DEM interpolating and surface modeling, which leads to the realization of the dynamic visualization and simulation of volcanic landscape, formation and evolvement. Furthermore, the dynamic three-dimensional visual virtual scenery of the formation and evolvement of the volcano in the Changbai Mountains of Jilin, China, is constructed. The applicability, potential, and corresponding technique of using 3DS MAX to dynamically simulate the formation of geographical landscape are expatiated.     

青城子矿田高家堡子大型金银多金属矿床成因机制

高家堡子大型金银多金属矿床是近年发现的新类型矿床。地球化学、稳定同位素和稀土地球化学等方面的研究表明,高家堡子金银多金属矿床是多成因复合矿床。元古宙时期,辽东裂谷收缩阶段,产生了火山喷流作用,形成了金银多金属矿源层;韧性剪切作用导致矿源层中分散的金、银、多金属元素产生活化、富集作用,形成了矿脉和矿层;印支—燕山期岩浆作用又使早期形成的矿源层或矿体进一步富集,最后形成矿床。因此,高家堡子矿床属韧性剪切－火山喷流沉积－中低温岩浆热液叠加型矿床。     

Characteristics and tectonic setting of volcanic rocks in Early Cretaceous Baiyingaolao Formation of Keyouzhongqi area，Inner Mongolia

The authors studied zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating,the zircon Hf isotope and geochemistry of acidic volcanic rocks in Baiyingaolao Formation of Keyouzhongqi area,Inner Mongolia,and discussed the chronology, source region and tectonic setting of the volcanic rocks in the studied area． The clear oscillatory zoning of zir- cons indicates a typical magmatic origin,and the results of dating show that the volcanic rocks of Baiyingaolao Formation were formed in Early Cretaceous (121.5 ±1.0 Ma)． The features of major and trace elements show that the rocks are alkali-rich,poor in calcium and magnesium with enrichment in LILEs like Th,U,K and Gd and depletion in HFSEs,e.g. Nb,Ta,Sr and Ti． The fact implies that they were the products of partial melting of the crust． εHf(t) = ( +6.30--+9.06) and TDM2=600--835 Ma,suggest the magma originated from par- tial melting of the young crust． Combined with the evolution of regional tectonic structure,the authors conclude that the acidic volcanic rocks of Baiyingaolao Formation may be formed under the extensional environment relat- ed to the subduction of Paleo-Pacific Plate．     

The Study on Pyroclastic Deposits in the Longgang Volcanic Swarm, Northeastern China

The Dayizishan scoria cone and Jinlongdingzi scoria cone in the Longgang volcanic swarm, northeastern China are comprised of basaltic fallout tephra that derived from sub - Plinian eruptions. The airborn tephra formed a scoria cone and tephra sheets in geomorphological character. The fallout tephra deposits consist of basaltic scoria, bomb, ultramafic xenolith and lithic fragments. The tephra deposits in the tephra sheets developed plane parallel bedding and graded bedding. The size parameters of tephra changed with distance away from source and the lapse of time regularly.The Dalongwan tuff ring and Longquanlongwan tuff ring in Longgang volcanic swarm are comprised of base surge deposits, formed by phreatomagmatic explosions. The base surge deposits are composed of basaltic lapilli, pisolites and tuff.The sedimentary structure, for instance, dunelike structure, chute and pool structure, U - shaped channel and cross bedding, massive beds and sandwave beds etc. are recognized.     

胶东崮庄闪长岩锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究

对胶东崮庄岩体黑云母闪长岩进行了岩石学、岩石地球化学和年代学研究。研究表明:崮庄岩体黑云母闪长岩为钙碱性系列岩石,岩石富集大离子亲石元素(如K,Ba,Rb)、LREE和活泼的不相容元素(如Th,U),相对亏损高场强元素(如Nb,Ta,Ti,P),崮庄闪长岩属壳幔混合成因,即由交代地幔部分熔融形成的基性岩浆与地壳物质熔融形成的酸性岩浆混合形成的。构造环境判别显示崮庄闪长岩属火山弧花岗岩,暗示伟德山序列花岗岩与古太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲密切相关。崮庄闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄值为(111.7±0.6)Ma,属燕山期早白垩世。     

Facies-controlled volcanic reservoirs of northern Songliao Basin, NE China

Volcanic rocks of the late Mesozoic are very important reservoirs for the commercial natural gases including hydrocarbon, carbon dioxide and rare gases in the northern Songliao Basin. The reservoir volcanic rocks include rhyolite, andesite, trachyte, basalt and tuff. Facies of the volcanic rocks can be classified into 5 categories and 15 special types. Porosity and permeability of the volcanic reservoirs are facies-controlled. Commercial reservoirs were commonly found among the following volcanic subfacies: volcanic neck (I1) , underground-explosive breccia (I3), pyroclastic-bearing lava flow (II3), upper effusive (III3) and inner extrusive ones (IV1). The best volcanic reservoirs are generally evolved in the interbedded explosive and effusive volcanics. Rhyolites show in general better reservoir features than other types of rocks do.