临沂市气温变化规律及其与大气环流的关系

利用临沂市53年气温资料和北半球大气环流资料，采用相关分析、小波分析方法，对临沂市气温变化特征及其与北半球大气环流特征的关系进行分析，发现临沂市年平均气温变化具有明显的阶段特征，季节变化不同步。近年来气候变暖的主要因素是冬季平均气温及平均最低气温升高。气温变化与副高面积指数、强度指数，极涡面积指数，经、纬向环流指数等的变化密切相关，与南方涛动指数、太阳黑子相对数、东亚大槽位置等关系不显著。     

近50年中国冬季气温对ENSO响应的时空稳定性分析研究

根据1962~2010年中国160站的月平均气温资料、Ni?o3.4区海洋Ni?o指数(ONI)资料以及相应的NECP/NCAR再分析资料,采用相关分析、滑动相关分析、滑动t检验、合成分析等方法,探讨了最近50年中国冬季气温对ENSO响应的时空稳定性问题。结果表明:中国冬季气温异常对ENSO的响应有着显著的地域性差异以及年代际变化,其中东北和西南地区的相关关系不稳定度比较大,而在中国东部地区则比较稳定。东北与西南地区在20世纪70年代中后期以后,冬季气温对ENSO的响应迅速减弱,甚至发生了反向变化,而东部地区这种关系近50年并没有较强的突变。相应的亚洲高空大气环流对ENSO的响应也具有明显的空间差异和阶段性变化,其特征与中国冬季气温对ENSO的响应特征基本对应。从大气环流角度解释中国冬季气温对ENSO的响应发生阶段性减弱的可能机制:ENSO通过经向Hadley环流影响中高纬度大气环流,由于70年代中后期以后亚洲经向Hadley环流的下沉支发生显著减弱,使得东亚大气环流对ENSO的响应减弱,进而导致中国冬季气温对ENSO的响应减弱。     

山西夏季气温异常特征分析

首先分析了山西夏季气温异常的时空变化特征,并利用NCEP再分析资料和北太平洋海温资料,探讨了影响山西夏季气温异常的同期、前期因子。结果表明:近46年来,山西夏季气温的变化趋势不显著,上升趋势仅为0.04℃/10a。夏季气温的年代际变化特征明显,20世纪60年代至70年代中期是偏暖期,70年代后期至80年代末则为偏冷期,90年代后期进入偏暖时期。夏季气温变化趋势区域差别较大,北部、中部是增暖趋势,南部的大部分地区则是变冷趋势。冷、暖夏年同期和前期的大气环流形势差异显著,极涡、高纬地区的阻高和副高是影响山西省夏季气温异常的关键系统。前期冬、春季的LaNina事件可作为山西夏季气温异常的前兆信号。     

中高纬环流因子与黑龙江省初夏气候异常分析

利用1954-2010年地面气温、降水观测资料和月环流特征量、NCEP高度场再分析资料等,采用常规气候统计方法,分析了黑龙江省初夏6月气温、降水的气候特点,通过初夏6月气温、降水与北半球500 hPa高度场相关分析,建立起与中高纬度环流因子关系。结果表明：黑龙江省初夏气候异常与中高纬度环流异常有关,影响初夏气候异常的中高纬度环流因子主要有亚洲纬向环流指数,阿留申低压指数,亚洲区极涡面积指数,鄂霍次克海的阻塞高压指数等。在此基础上分析大气及中高纬度环流因子的背景,考虑外强迫因子海温的间接作用,掌握中高纬度环流因子的变化,是准确预测黑龙江省初夏气候的关键前提所在。     

1999年与2003年我国北方地区夏季气温异常原因初探

分析了1999年与2003年我国北方地区夏季气温的变化特点和同期大气环流主要特征。结果表明:中国夏季气温变化有明显的年代际特征,这一特征与亚洲上空大气环流的年代际变化紧密相关,表明我国北方地区夏季气温异常一个很重要的原因或许是缘于气候年代际变化。2003年夏季中高纬环流形势呈两槽两脊的配置,与近十几年气候态分布刚好相反,因而从气候年代际变化的特征来看,2003年为预示年代际气候转型的征兆。     

东北三省冬季气温变化的有关研究进展

 通过简要回顾中国学者有关东北三省冬季气温变化的研究成果,概括分析了近百年或近几十年时间尺度平均气温及最高、最低气温年际、年代际变化的基本特征,综述了与冬季气温年际、年代际变化相关的各类海-气环流因子。近百年来,东北冬季气温上升,1987年前后发生增暖突变;北极涛动、西伯利亚高压、东亚冬季风等是影响东北冬季气温年际变化的主要因子;北极涛动、东亚冬季风、东亚中高纬环流型等的持续性是冬季气温年代际变化的主要因子。对多种变化特征集中出现的20世纪70年代末的气候变化值得深入探讨,也有必要在整个东北三省的范围内,深入开展冬季气温预测方法的系统研究。另外,测站气温序列的非均一性问题也应引起足够重视。     

山东省春季低温冷害特征及其成因分析

利用山东省26个站1961～2002年3～5月的月平均气温资料分析了山东春季低温冷害的气候特征,并从中高纬度环流、太阳黑子和赤道东太平洋海温等方面探讨春季低温冷害的成因。发现有1963,1969,1970,1976,1979,1980,1985和1991年共8个低温冷害年。山东春季气温变化具有明显的阶段性,80年代以前,低温冷害频繁,1991年以后再也没有出现过严重低温年份。春季低温和高温年份,亚洲中高纬度大气环流、太阳黑子活动和赤道东太平洋海温都有显著差异。在低温年,亚洲中高纬度盛行经向环流,太阳黑子相对数明显偏多,其前秋至前冬,赤道东太平洋海温为负距平,且海温逐渐升高,春季为正距平。     

21世纪以来宁夏冬季气温异常及500hPa环流特征

利用1961年以来宁夏冬季逐日气温资料及NCEP再分析资料和环流特征量资料,重点分析了21世纪以来宁夏冬季气温异常特征及同期500 hPa环流变化特征。结果表明:冬季平均气温和最低气温极小值明显上升,夜间气温异常偏低日数显著减少,白天气温异常偏高日数显著增加,大部分地区夜间气温异常偏低日数减少趋势大于白天气温异常偏高日数的增加趋势。21世纪以来,易发生极端冷暖事件,异常偏高年份多于异常偏低年份。2007/2008冬季以后为1997年以来冬季平均气温偏低频率最高时段;冬季阶段性平均气温异常有4个特征:(1)气温异常主要出现在1月和2月;(2)异常偏低的幅度明显大于异常偏高的幅度;(3)相邻2旬间气温变化幅度增大;(4)最冷时段发生变化。从年代际变化看,冬季平均气温、最低气温极小值、白天气温异常偏高日数为最高或次高值,夜间异常偏低日数多为最低或次低值。500 hPa高度上宁夏上空是影响冬季气温异常的关键区,其年代际及冷暖年强度变化是造成气温异常的最直接原因。宁夏冬季气温对亚洲西风环流指数和西太平洋副热带高压强度指数的响应更加敏感。     

近58年陕西省水热资源变化及其与亚洲环流的相关分析

采用常规统计、功率谱和交叉小波变换方法,分析了陕西省1951—208年的平均气温、降水量以及亚洲环流指数的时频域统计特征,讨论了陕西省近58年水热资源变化与亚洲环流指数之间的多时间尺度相关。结果表明,陕西省水热资源和亚洲环流指数的变化具有多时间尺度结构,两者都存在准2a、4a、6～8a和12～16a尺度的显著变化周期,不同尺度周期振荡能量的强弱和时域分布位相存在明显差异。气温变化与纬向环流指数之间表现为显著的正相关振荡,而降水变化与经向环流指数为负相关振荡。东亚及南亚夏季风、极涡和北大西洋涛动对陕西省水热资源变化也存在不同程度的影响。     

山西冬季气温异常的气候特征及成因分析

利用1961-2006年山西省42个测站的气温及NCEP海平面气压场、500 hPa高度场、全球海温资料,采用EOF、合成分析和相关分析方法,分析了山西冬季(12～2月)气温异常的时空特征,并从大气环流和海温两方面分析了气温异常的成因.结果表明,山西冬季气温年代际变化特征明显,1960-1980年代中期为偏冷期;198...     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.