取代苯磺酰基磷酰二胺酯化学结构与

对18种N-烷基-O(或S)烷基-N′-取代-N′-取代苯磺酰基磷酰二胺酯化合物做了杀菌(包括海洋病菌)、杀虫及昆虫谷氨酸电位和谷氨酸受体通道的测试,表明部分化合物有较强的杀菌、杀虫效果;其机制不同于其它有机磷杀菌、杀虫剂;而且它们的生物活性与结构的QSAR计算结果相一致.     

取代苯磺酰基磷酰二胺酯化学结构与生物活性的关系

对18种N-烷基-O（或S）烷基-N′-取代-N′-取代苯磺酰基磷酰二胺酯化合物做了杀菌（包括海洋病菌）、杀虫及昆虫谷氨酸电位和谷氨酸受体通道的测试，表明；部分化合物有较强的杀菌、杀虫效果，其机制不同于其它有机磷杀菌、杀虫剂；而且它们的生物活性与结构的QSAR计算结果相一致。     

苯磺酰基磷酰二胺酯衍生物的研究

合成了 1 5种 N-烷基 - O- (或 S) -烷基 - N′-取代 - N′-取代苯磺酰基磷酰二胺酯 ,并且通过质谱分析确定了其分子结构 ,其中 ( )和 ( )经文献检索均为新化合物。对部分化合物做了生物活性实验 ,发现化合物 ( )具有对小麦锈病和鲍鱼弧菌引起的菌病具有较好的抑制作用 ;化合物 ( )可有效阻断生物代谢中谷氨酸受体通道的传导 ,起到杀虫效果     

苯磺酰基磷酰二胺酯衍生物的研究

合成了15种N－烷基－O－（或S）－烷基－N′－取代－N′－取代苯磺酰基磷酰二胺酯，并且通过质谱分析确定了其分子结构，其中（Ⅰ）和（Ⅱ）经文献检索均为新化合物，对部分化合物做了生物活性实验，发现化合物（Ⅰ）具有对小麦锈病和鲍鱼弧菌引起的菌病具有较好的抑制作用；化合物（Ⅱ）有效阻断生物代谢中谷氨酸受体通道的传导，起到杀虫效果。     

东海沉积物中微生物标志物GDGTs年代际变化及来源

甘油双烷基甘油四醚(Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers,GDGTs)是近几年来新发现的一类生物标志化合物,基于GDGTs的各种指标以其在指示物质来源以及海洋和陆地古温度重建等方面显示出的巨大应用潜力,逐渐成为古海洋学、古湖沼学和古气候学研究的重要工具。对采自东海陆架区的DH5-1站位(29°28.118′N、123°06.639′E,水深63.5m)的柱状沉积物样品进行了总有机质和GDGTs分析,研究了GDGTs化合物在东海陆架区柱状沉积物样品中的含量和沉积通量变化,并利用δ13 C、C/N以及基于GDGTs化合物的BIT指标讨论了该海区近150年来沉积有机质的来源变化。结果显示,近百年来东亚冬季风的增强,加强了冬季闽浙沿岸流对长江口沉积物的搬运,使得该海区陆源输入量呈增加趋势,但20世纪80年代以来,人类活动的加剧导致营养盐输入的增加,使得海洋生产力提高,沉积有机质中陆源有机质比例下降。     

1-烷基-3-取代-4-氨基-5-吡唑甲酸酯与1-烷基-3-取代-5-氨基-4-吡唑甲酸酯的合成研究

合成了化合物1-烷基-3-取代-4-氨基吡唑-5-羧酸酯(1)和1-烷基-3-取代-5-氨基吡唑-4-羧酸酯(2),并对重要中间体3-取代-4-硝基吡唑-5-甲酸酯(6)的N-烷基化反应条件进行了较系统的研究,运用HMBC,INEPT等核磁技术确证了1-环戊基-4-硝基-3-正丙基吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯(7-1A)和1-环戊基-4-硝基-5-正丙基吡唑-3-甲酸乙酯(7-1B)等异构体的结构。     

渤海石油钻井平台上海洋性气候特征的研究

前言 过去,在国内以至国外的气候学专著或论文中,极少有关于单站典型海洋性气候特征的论述.这是因为即使是海岛台站,亦多因岛屿本身(岩石、土壤)的存在,使岛屿的海洋性气候变得不典型之故.本文利用渤海埕北油田两个采油平台(其经纬度和海拔高度分别为A台,38°27′N、118°25′E,30.0m; B台,39°09′N、119°42′E,17.0m)上1989年一整年的可贵的气象观测资料,与同期渤海之滨的塘沽站(39°00′N、117°43′E,3.2m)和距海约45km的内     

南海海域红斑后海螯虾(Metanephrops thomsoni)的分子识别与群体遗传分化

利用16S rRNA基因序列分子识别红斑后海螯虾,然后对海南附近海域(18°30′-19°00′N,111 °30′-112°30′ E)、北部湾口海域(15°41′ N,110°40′ E)和南沙群岛海域(5°20′-5°29′N,110°09′-111°26′E)三个地理群体进行ITS1的扩增测序.16S rRNA基因序列的结果表明所取样本准确;三个地理群体分别得到616-623bp、619bp和614bp的ITS1全长序列,A、G、T、C含量平均分别为22.3％、29.4％、17.8％和30.6％;其中562个保守位点,39个多态位点.ML和NJ聚类分析显示三个地理群体共聚为三个大支,其中海南群体有群体分化.表明红斑后海螯虾三个地理群体分化极其显著,且海南群体具有相对高的遗传多样性.     

半枝莲化学成分研究

研究了半枝莲Scutellaria barbata D.Don的化学成分。利用硅胶色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱、HPLC等手段对化学成分进行分离纯化;通过理化性质、波谱分析方法结合文献对照,鉴定了化合物的结构。从半枝莲甲醇提取物中,共分离鉴定了10个单体化合物:齐墩果酸(1)、熊果酸(2)、反式-4-甲基肉桂酸(3)、金色酰胺醇酯(4)、对羟基苯甲醛(5)、对羟基苯乙酮(6)、5-羟基-7,3′,4′,5′-四甲氧基黄酮(7)、芹菜素(8)、5,7,4′-三羟基-8-甲氧基黄酮(9)、5,7,4′-三羟基-6-甲氧基黄酮(10)。化合物1、3、7为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

北冰洋浮冰区湍流通量观测试验及参数化研究

利用2008年8月21～29日我国第3次北极考察期间在北冰洋海区(84°27′N,143°37′W～85°13′N,147°20′W)冰站观测的湍流资料及相关资料,对海冰近地层湍流通量及其特征参数进行了研究.结果表明:观测期间浮冰近地层始终存在逆温和逆湿层.这与我们以前(1999年在75°N和2003年在78°N)的观...     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Coastal Lagoon Bacterioplankton and Picophytoplankton: Fixation and Storage Effects

The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.