Early paleozoic granitoids in the Lesser Khingan terrane, Central Asian Foldbelt: Age, geochemistry, and geodynamic interpretations

The U-Pb zircon dates obtained for the Sutara (480 ± 4 Ma), Kabalinskii (471 ± 10 Ma), and Durilovskii (461 ± 5 Ma) massifs reliably confirm an Early Proterozoic orogenic event, which took place after granulite metamorphism at approximately 500 Ma (Wilde et al., 2003) in the Lesser Khingan (Jiamusi) terrane. The rocks emplaced most shortly after the main metamorphic event are the granites of the Sutara Massif and leucogranites of the Kabalinskii Massif, whose geochemistry is close to that of collision granites. The quartz diorites and subalkaline granites of the Durilovskii Massif, whose geochemistry suggests their origin in a postcollision environment with the participation of an enriched mantle source, were emplaced longer after metamorphic event and after the aforementioned massifs.     

Geology and geochronology of neoarchean anorogenic magmatism of the Keivy structure, Kola Peninsula

Anorogenic magmatic complexes were formed during protoplatformal evolution of the Keivy structure. This evolution ended with development of aluminous schists, which were derived by deep disintegration and redeposition of the rocks from the lower parts of the sequence and surrounding of the structure. The anorogenic rocks of the region are represented by the following magmatic complexes: gabbro-labradorite-latite-monzonite-granites; ophitic gabbro and gabbrodiabases; quartz syenite-alkaline granites; alkaline and nepheline syenites. The magmatic activity of this period, starting from the emplacement of gabbrolabradorite massifs and ending with alkaline and nepheline syenite bodies, was caused by ascent of mantle asthenolith, which destructed the Earth’s crust basement in this area. The anorogenic magmatism of the Keivy structure lasted for no more than few or few tens of million years. The granitoid subcomplex of the gabbro-labradorite-latite-monzonite-granite complex is dated at 2674 ± 6 Ma, which is comparable with an age of alkaline granites of the Ponoy and Beliye Tundry massifs (2673 ± 6 Ma). The considered complexes are separated in time by intrusion of amphibole-biotite plagiomicrocline granites with an age of 2667 ± 8 Ma. Gabbrolabradorites of the Shchuch’e Ozero and Tsaga massifs have close ages (2663 ± 7 and 2668 ± 10 Ma, respectively, Bayanova, 2004), but were formed earlier than granitoids (Bayanova, 2004). Formation of alkaline syenites of the Sakharijok I Massif, which finalized the Neoarchean anorogenic magmatism of the region, falls in the same interval. During Paleoproterozoic transformations, the rocks of the Keivy structure were sheared and uranium was introduced in the contact zones of the alkaline granite massifs, which caused formation of palingenetic melts and subsequent formation of pegmatites in the outer contact zones of the granite bodies.     

阿拉善宗乃山岩体东南缘花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄与地球化学特征

阿拉善宗乃山岩体东南缘分布多种类型的花岗岩,本文主要采用岩相学、激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学等技术手段,对宗乃山岩体东南缘岩石类型、年代学、源岩特征以及构造背景进行了研究。结果表明:岩石类型主要为碱性-钙碱性准铝质花岗岩和闪长岩;单颗粒锆石分析获得黑云母斜长花岗岩年龄为236.8±1.9 Ma~249.7±2.6 Ma,片麻状花岗岩年龄为268.1±1.1 Ma,岩体成岩时期主要为华力西晚期和印支期早期,具有多期侵入的特征。该岩体岩石源岩为I型花岗岩,源于地壳火山弧区和同碰撞区,表明由于洋壳俯冲作用,在宗乃山东南缘形成了岛弧花岗岩侵入体。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年技术为洋壳俯冲提供了年代学约束,确定了研究区碰撞时间为早于236.8±1.9 Ma。     

滇西腾冲-梁河地块石英闪长岩-二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

高黎贡-腾梁花岗岩带是冈底斯花岗岩带的东延部分。腾梁花岗岩中辉长-闪长质包体、花岗岩、石英闪长岩密切共生。辉长-闪长质包体的结构构造、矿物学特征表明,它们是岩浆快速冷凝结晶的产物。地球化学数据显示,辉长-闪长质包体为钙碱性系列,具有低SiO2、高MgO和Mg#的特征,富集Rb、Sr、Th、Ba和Ce,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Zr、Yb和Y;寄主花岗岩为中钾—高钾钙碱性系列,准铝质到弱过铝质,富集Rb、Th、Zr和Hf,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、Sr、P和Ba,具有中等程度的负Eu异常;石英闪长岩介于二者之间。锆石U-PbLA-ICP-MS定年显示,石英闪长岩形成年龄为127.10±0.96Ma,花岗岩形成年龄为123.8±2.5Ma。结合辉长-闪长质包体形成年龄为122.6Ma,三者年龄基本一致,从年代学角度为花岗岩、辉长-闪长质包体和石英闪长岩岩浆混合作用成因提供了证据。石英闪长岩锆石εHf(t)值变化于-7.61～-3.80。结合辉长-闪长质包体、花岗岩的εHf(t)值及地球化学特征,认为花岗岩来源于古老地壳的部分熔融,辉长-闪长质包体来源于地幔楔橄榄岩部分熔融,石英闪长岩为幔源岩浆与古老地壳部分熔融的岩浆完全混合的产物。腾梁地块早白垩世侵入岩很可能与班公湖-怒江洋壳岩石圈向南俯冲的动力学背景有关。     

松潘－甘孜南部玛孜措石英闪长岩的地球 化学特征、同位素年龄及其构造意义

玛孜措石英闪长岩体位于松潘 甘孜地体南部的甘孜地体内,地处鲜水河断裂带西南侧。岩体具高钾（3.53%~3.86%）、富钙（4.91%~6.07%）、贫铝（14.60%~15.24%）,铝饱和指数（A/CNK=0.80~0.89）偏低的特征,岩石稀土总量较低,轻稀土中度富集,δEu介于0.46~0.53之间,Eu中度亏损,岩石（87Sr/86Sr）i比值介于0.707407~0.707640,表明岩浆起源于壳 幔混熔或下地壳物质的部分熔融,属下地壳重熔的I型高钾钙碱性花岗岩系列。在微量元素构造环境判别图上,样品都落在岛弧区,反映了石英闪长岩具有与岛弧型花岗岩相似的地球化学性质。岩体具较高的Rb（60.1×10-6~85.9×10-6）、Cs（4.01×10-6~19.62×10-6）含量和K2O/Na2O比值（1.31~1.82）,反映源区可能与黑云母的脱水熔融有关。玛孜措石英闪长岩锆石SHRIMP U Pb年龄为221±2.0 Ma（MSWD=1.4）,显示岩体侵位时代为晚三叠世;而全岩Rb Sr等时线年龄为207.0±2.0 Ma（R=0.9979）,显示岩体就位时代为晚三叠世晚期。玛孜措岩体形成于晚三叠世弧后构造环境,是幔源岩浆的底侵作用导致壳-幔混熔的产物。     

The Durulgui rare-metal granite‒pegmatite system in the eastern Transbaikal region: Petrological and geochronological aspects

The Durulgui granite?pegmatite system unites the Dedova Gora granite massif and pegmatite field with the Chalotskoe beryl deposit. New geochronological data on micas from porphyric biotite granites, fine-grained biotite granites, two-mica granites, and Be-bearing pegmatites are discussed. The plateau age of 128.5(±1.5)–131.2(±1.5) should be considered as indicating the formation time of the granite?pegmatite system as a whole. The age of the system implies the possibility of its formation owing to several magmatic pulses. This assumption concerns porphyric and fine-grained biotite granites and two-mica and muscovite granites, the contact between which is locally sharp. At the same time, the succession “two-mica granites → muscovite granites → granite?pegmatites → microcline pegmatites → microcline?albite pegmatites → albite pegmatites” demonstrates gradual facies transitions between rocks, which indicates their emplacement during a single magmatic pulse.     

Lower crustal melting and the role of open-system processes in the genesis of syn-orogenic quartz diorite–granite–leucogranite associations: constraints from Sr–Nd–O isotopes from the Bandombaai Complex, Namibia

The Bandombaai Complex (southern Kaoko Belt, Namibia) consists of three main intrusive rock types including metaluminous hornblende- and sphene-bearing quartz diorites, allanite-bearing granodiorites and granites, and peraluminous garnet- and muscovite-bearing leucogranites. Intrusion of the quartz diorites is constrained by a U–Pb zircon age of 540±3 Ma.

Quartz diorites, granodiorites and granites display heterogeneous initial Nd- and O isotope compositions (_{Nd (540 Ma)}=−6.3 to −19.8; δ¹⁸O=9.0–11.6‰) but rather low and uniform initial Sr isotope compositions (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_initial=0.70794–0.70982). Two leucogranites and one aplite have higher initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.70828–0.71559), but similar initial _Nd (−11.9 to −15.8) and oxygen isotope values (10.5–12.9‰). The geochemical and isotopic characteristics of the Bandombaai Complex are distinct from other granitoids of the Kaoko Belt and the Central Zone of the Damara orogen. Our study suggests that the quartz diorites of the Bandombaai Complex are generated by melting of heterogeneous mafic lower crust. Based on a comparison with results from amphibolite-dehydration melting experiments, a lower crustal garnet- and amphibole-bearing metabasalt, probably enriched in K₂O, is a likely source rock for the quartz diorites. The granodiorites/granites show low Rb/Sr (<0.6) ratios and are probably generated by partial melting of meta-igneous (intermediate) lower crustal sources by amphibole-dehydration melting. Most of the leucogranites display higher Rb/Sr ratios (>1) and are most likely generated by biotite-dehydration melting of heterogeneous felsic lower crust. All segments of the lower crust underwent partial melting during the Pan-African orogeny at a time (540 Ma) when the middle crust of the central Damara orogen also underwent high T, medium P regional metamorphism and melting. Geochemical and isotope data from the Bandombaai Complex suggest that the Pan-African orogeny in this part of the orogen was not a major crust-forming episode. Instead, even the most primitive rock types of the region, the quartz diorites, represent recycled lower crustal material.     

Early Proterozoic granitoids of the Olenek complex (northern Siberian craton): petrogenesis and geodynamic setting

The paper deals with geological and geochemical studies of granitoids of the Olenek complex in the Olenek uplift of the basement of the northern Siberian craton. The age of these granitoids was earlier estimated at 2036 ± 11 Ma. The granitoids of the Olenek complex correspond in composition to high-alumina quartz diorites, granites, and leucogranites of the normal petrochemical series. According to geochemical and mineralogical characteristics, the quartz diorites can be assigned to granites of the transitional I-S type, and the granites and leucogranites, to S-type granites. The 8_Nd(T values in the granites of the Olenek complex vary from -0.2 to + 1.4, and the Nd model age is 2.4-2.5 Ga. The quartz diorite is characterized by 8_Nd(T) = + 3.0 and a Nd model age T(DM) = 2.2 Ga. The geochemical characteristics of the granites and leucogranites indicate their formation through the melting of a source of graywacke composition, whereas the quartz diorites resulted, most likely, from the mixing of granitic and basaltic melts. The fact that the granitoids of the Olenek complex intruded the folded rocks of the Eekit Formation but stay virtually undeformed massive bodies suggests that they formed at the postdeformation stage of the regional evolution after the completion of the Paleoproterozoic orogenic events. The intrusion of granitoids marks the completion of the formation of the Early Proterozoic Eekit fold belt on the western (in the recent coordinates) margin of the Birekta terrane of the Olenek superterraine and the final formation of the superterrane structure. At the next stage of magmatism (1.98-1.96 Ga), best pronounced in the uplifts of the basement of the northern Siberian craton, all terranes forming the Anabar and Olenek superterranes assembled into a single structure.     

老挝爬立山铁矿二长花岗斑岩地球化学特征及其成矿意义

老挝爬立山铁矿位于长山褶皱带北西端,为一个大型矽卡岩型铁矿床。铁矿化产于二长花岗斑岩的内、外接触带。二长花岗斑岩具有富碱,硅、铝过饱和的特征,属钙碱性岩。微量元素配分模式与正常大陆弧花岗岩类似,稀土配分模式为右倾轻稀土富集型,正铕异常,轻重稀土分馏明显,属下地壳重熔被动侵位形成的"S"型花岗岩。岩体U-Pb年龄为283±2.9Ma,侵位时间为早二叠世。爬立山铁矿床潜在资源量巨大,外围地区具有相同类型铁矿床的找矿远景。     

燕山造山带后石湖山碱性环状杂岩体的成因与形成过程

后石湖山杂岩体是与垮塌破火山口有关的碱性环状杂岩体, 主要由呈环形分布的碱性火山岩、环状岩墙(斑状石英正长岩)、嵌套的中心复式岩株(晶洞碱长花岗岩和斑状碱长花岗岩)和锥状岩席(石英正长斑岩和花岗斑岩)组成.LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年代学分析表明, 斑状石英正长岩环状岩墙、石英正长斑岩和花岗斑岩锥状岩席的侵位年龄分别为119±3Ma、121±2Ma和121±2Ma.该环状杂岩体火山岩与侵入岩的形成年龄相近, 体现了它作为火山-侵入杂岩体的特征.斑状石英正长岩富碱(Na₂O+K₂O=10.0%~10.5%), K₂O含量较高(5.21%~5.42%), 具正的Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=1.05~1.40).碱长花岗岩和斑岩均具有富碱、高FeOtot/MgO、Ga/Al、Zr、Nb和REE值(Eu除外), 以及低Al₂O₃、CaO、MgO、Ba、Sr和Eu含量的特征, 都属于A型花岗岩质岩石.其中斑岩为铝质A型花岗岩, 具有高的初始岩浆温度(880~901℃).所有A型花岗质岩石均具有较富集的Nd同位素组成, ε_Nd(t)值变化于-13.9~-12.2之间.斑状石英正长岩是下地壳中-基性麻粒岩和片麻岩部分熔融产生的熔体与幔源玄武质岩浆混合, 后又发生单斜辉石分离结晶的产物; 碱长花岗岩源于上地壳长英质岩石部分熔融产生的熔体与幔源玄武质岩浆混合, 随后经历长石的分离结晶作用而成; 斑岩是受幔源岩浆底侵加热的上地壳长英质岩石的部分熔融产生的熔体, 并经历了长石的分离结晶作用而产生.该环状杂岩体的形成过程可以概括为: (1)火山爆炸性喷发形成大量的碱性火山熔岩和火山碎屑岩; (2)地下岩浆房空虚导致压力下降, 其顶板围岩失稳而沿火山口周围近直立的环状断裂垮塌, 形成塌陷的破火山口.与此同时, 下覆岩浆房的岩浆被动挤入环状断裂而形成斑状石英正长岩环状岩墙; (3)浅部地壳的长英质岩浆房过压, 促使其高温过碱质A型花岗质岩浆上升侵位形成了中心的斑状碱长花岗岩岩株, 这些岩浆的上涌导致上覆围岩产生倾角中-陡的、内倾的锥状裂隙, 为石英正长斑岩锥状岩席侵位提供了空间; (4)浅部岩浆房复活, 高温过碱质A型花岗质岩浆再度上升侵位形成被嵌套的晶洞碱长花岗岩岩株.同样, 这种岩浆的再度上侵导致上覆围岩产生了倾角较陡而内倾的锥状裂隙, 为花岗斑岩锥状岩席提供了侵位空间.后石湖山碱性环状杂岩体的形成是华北东部早白垩世与克拉通破坏相关的伸展构造体制下的产物, 这种构造体制可能与古太平洋板块的俯冲作用有关.      

Duration of the formation and sources of the granitoids of the Litsk-Araguba Complex, Kola Peninsula

Postorogenic granitoids of the Litsk-Araguba Complex compose a chain of intrusive bodies around 850 km² in area, which are confined to the NE-trending deep-seated fault zone. Results of U-Pb zircon dating indicate that the formation of granitoids of the Litsk-Araguba Complex lasted 28 ± 9 Ma. Note that the rocks of the first-fourth phases have similar age within (1774–1762 Ma), while quartz syenites of the fifth phase were formed much later (1746 ± 8 Ma). The study of Sm-Nd isotopic system revealed that the quartz syenites plot in the field of the Nd isotopic evolution of the lower crust represented mainly by the Paleoproterozoic garnet granulites with model ages T_Nd(DM) = 2.4–2.7 Ga and ?_Nd(T) from ?5.6 to ?6.3. It was found that the near-contact syenites of the Litsk Massif contain composite zircons with an age of 1758 ± 9Ma. They differ from zircons in coeval porphyraceous granites in lowered U and Th concentrations, which are close to those in zircons from the lower crustal garnet granulites of this region. These data in combination with internal structure of the crystals determine xenogenic lower-crustal origin of zircons from syenites and confirm geochemical data on the lower crustal input in the formation of granitoid melts.     

Origin of the Yinshan epithermal-porphyry Cu–Au–Pb–Zn–Ag deposit,southeastern China: insights from geochemistry,Sr–Nd and zircon U–Pb–Hf–O isotopes

The Yinshan deposit is a large epithermal-porphyry polymetallic deposit, and the timing and petrogenesis of ore-hosting porphyries have been hotly debated. We present new results from geochemical, whole-rock Sr–Nd and zircon U–Pb–Hf–O isotopic investigations. Zircon U–Pb data demonstrate that the quartz porphyry, dacitic porphyry, and quartz dioritic porphyry formed at ?172.2 ± 0.4 Ma, ?171.7 ± 0.5 Ma, and ?170.9 ± 0.3 Ma, respectively. Inherited zircon cores show significant age spreads from ?730 to ?1390 Ma. Geochemically, they are high-K calc-alkaline or shoshonitic rocks with arc-like trace element patterns. They have similar whole-rock Nd and zircon Hf isotopic compositions, yet an increasing trend in ?_Nd(t) and ?_Hf(t) values typifies the suite. Older (inherited) zircons of the three porphyries display Hf compositions comparable to those of the Jiangnan Orogen basement rocks. In situ zircon oxygen isotopic analyses reveal that they have similar oxygen isotopic compositions, which are close to those of mantle zircons. Moreover, a decreasing trend of δ¹⁸O values is present. We propose that the ore-related porphyries of the Yinshan deposit were emplaced contemporaneously and derived from partial melting of Neoproterozoic arc-derived mafic (or ultra-mafic) rocks. Modelling suggests that the quartz porphyries, dacitic porphyries, and quartz dioritic porphyries experienced ?25%, ?10%, and ?10% crustal contaminations by Shuangqiaoshan rocks. Our study provides important constraints on mantle–crust interaction in the genesis of polymetallic mineralization associated with Mesozoic magmatism in southeastern China.     

Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Plutonism in the Northern Part of the Precambrian North China Craton: SHRIMP Zircon U–Pb Dating of Diorites and Granites from the Yunmengshan Geopark, Beijing

The Yunmengshan Geopark in northern Beijing is located within the Yanshan range. It contains the Yunmengshan batholith, which is dominated by two plutons: the Yunmengshan gneissic granite and the Shicheng gneissic diorite. Four samples of the Yunmengshan gneissic granite give SHRIMP zircon U–Pb ages from 145 to 141 Ma, whereas four samples of the Shicheng gneissic diorite have ages from 159 Ma to 151 Ma. Dikes that cut the Yunmengshan diorite record SHRIMP zircon U–Pb age of 162±2 and 156±4 Ma. The cumulative plots of zircons from the diorites show a peak age of 155 Ma, without inherited zircon cores, and the peak age of 142 Ma for granite is interpreted as the emplacement age of the Yunmengshan granitic pluton, whose igneous zircons contain inherited zircon cores. The data presented here show that there were two pulses of magmatism: early diorites, followed c13 Ma later by true granites, which incorporated material from an older continental crust.     

Geochemistry of granulite‐facies granitic rocks from Battye Glacier,northern Prince Charles Mountains,East Antarctica

Proterozoic basement outcrops in the vicinity of Battye Glacier, northern Prince Charles Mountains, are dominated by granulites and gneisses derived from felsic (granitoid) intrusive igneous rocks, and by pegmatites. Felsic orthopyroxene granulites, garnet leucogneisses and garnet pegmatites have major and trace element compositions of highly felsic, but not strongly fractionated, granites. The garnet leucogneisses and garnet pegmatites have S‐type characteristics, whereas the felsic granulites are probably I‐type, although their high Zr+Nb+Y+Ce abundances suggest possible A‐type affinities. Intermediate orthopyroxene ± clinopyroxene granulites mostly resemble I‐type quartz diorites, except for a small subgroup of samples (characterised by low Na₂O and K₂O, and high MgO, Ni, Cr and HREE) of uncertain affinities and significance. Element ratios involving LILE (e.g. K/Rb, Rb/Ba, Rb/Sr, K/La, La/Th) closely match those typical of the inferred granitoid protoliths, suggesting that these rocks have experienced relatively little LILE depletion (except possibly for U) during regional metamorphism. It is therefore inferred that metamorphism was probably broadly isochemical. Because the felsic and intermediate granulites and garnet leucogneisses are Sr‐depleted, Y‐undepleted and mostly have negative Eu anomalies they are inferred to be the products of partial melting of felsic crustal sources leaving plagioclase‐bearing residua. Plagioclase fractionation during crystallisation could also account for these characteristics, but K/Rb, Rb/Ba and Rb/Sr ratios in these rocks are not consistent with strong fractionation of feldspar. Garnet pegmatites differ chemically from garnet leucogneisses mainly in their lower Fe, Ti, Nb, Zn, Zr, Th and REE abundances and positive Eu anomalies, related to lower garnet, ilmenite and zircon contents in the garnet pegmatites. A genetic link between these two rock types, probably involving fractionation of these minerals during partial melting or crystallisation, is inferred. Incompatible‐element abundances suggest that generation of the Battye Glacier granitic magmas from felsic crust might have occurred in a mature continental magmatic arc possibly well removed from an active subduction trench or, perhaps, in an intracontinental setting.     

U–Pb geochronology of the Southern Black Forest Batholith (Central Variscan Belt): timing of exhumation and granite emplacement

Some granites, granitoid dykes and volcanic rocks of the Southern Black Forest were dated by U–Pb techniques using zircon and monazite. An effusive rhyolite, which is interbedded in upper Visean sedimentary sequences of the Badenweiler-Lenzkirch zone, was dated at 340 ±2?Ma. This weakly metamorphic zone of supracrustal rocks borders high-grade gneiss terrains in the north and the south, which are intruded by a series of granitoid intrusions: the strongly sheared Schlächtenhaus granite is dated by monazite at 334±2?Ma and the hypothesis of a Devonian emplacement is therefore discarded. The emplacement of all other granites, crosscutting dykes and of an ignimbrite were all within analytical uncertainty: St. Blasien granite 333±2?Ma; Bärhalde granite 332±3?Ma; Albtal granite 334±3?Ma; and a porphyry dyke at Präg 332+2/-4?Ma. Deformation and thrusting of the basement units near the Badenweiler-Lenzkirch zone occurred after the emplacement of the Schlächtenhaus granite, but before the intrusion of the other granitoids, and may therefore be constrained to the time period unresolved between 334±2 and 333±2?Ma. The ignimbritic rhyolite of Scharfenstein was deposited in a caldera 333±3?Ma ago. This age coincides within error limits with published U–Pb monazite and Rb–Sr small slab ages of mimatitic gneisses, Ar–Ar hornblende ages of metabasites and Sm–Nd mineral isochron ages of eclogitic rocks in the underlying basement. This suggests that exhumation and cooling of this basement unit must have been active at rates of approximately 20?km and a few 100°C per million years. The silicic melts are interpreted to be of hybrid crust/mantle origin and their formation was most likely linked to these exhumation tectonics. A phase of mantle upwelling and heat advection into the crust is proposed to be the reason for this short-episodic magmatic pulse.     

The Late Precambrian Timna igneous complex, Southern Israel: Evidence for comagmatic-type sanukitoid monzodiorite and alkali granite magma

New data from a geochemical, geochronological and isotopic study of the Late Precambrian Timna igneous complex suggest the formation of alkali granites from a LIL-enriched, mantle derived, sanukitoid-type monzodiorite (a silica oversaturated rock with Mg# >60). These data also provide new insights into the petrology, timing and regional tectonic control of the transition from the calc-alkaline to the alkaline magmatic activity in the northern Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) during the Late Precambrian.

The Timna alkali granite was formed by fractional crystallization from the monzodioritic magma in a quasi-stratified magmatic cell which formed 610 Ma ago in the 625 Ma old calc-alkaline, porphyritic granite crust. These monzodiorites are mantle-derived, as demonstrated by their high Mg# (63), Cr (230 ppm), and Ni (120 ppm). They are characterized by initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of 0.7034, ε-Nd (610 Ma) = +3.4, and are enriched in K₂O (2.9%), Sr (840 ppm), Ba (1290 ppm) and LREE [(La/Lu)_n= 10–25]. The chemical characteristics and REE patterns of the monzodiorites and andesitic dykes of Timna are very similar to Dokhan andesites from northeastern Egypt and the Archean sanukitoids from Canada. The isotopic, geochemical and geochronologic data all indicate that Timna monzodiorites are comagmatic with the alkali granite. The alkali granite is a typical post-orogenic, borderline A-type granite. It is enriched in potassium (K₂O=4.68–6.64%), has a negative europium anomaly (Eu/Eu^*=0.058–0.38) and ε-Nd (610 Ma) of +3.9. The calc-alkaline granite is a typical I-type granite with a small positive europium anomaly (Eu/Eu^*=1.02–1.16). Its age and the Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic characteristics with ε-Nd (625 Ma) of +5.6 to +5.9 are significantly different from these of the alkali granite and monzodiorites, and indicate little interaction with the monzodiorite during the formation of the alkali granite.

The alkali granites are correlative with the post-collisional extensional granites in Jordan and Egypt while the porphyritic granites can be correlated with the late orogenic types. Crustal thickening associated with orogenic compression resulted in crustal anatexis to form the I-type granitic rocks, whereas crustal thinning associated with extension allowed LIL-enriched mantle melts to rise very near to the surface, where space was available for these to pond and fractionate to alkali granite.     

内蒙古宝音图钼矿成矿岩体地球化学、年代学及成因研究

内蒙古宝音图钼矿是狼山北段大型斑岩石英脉型钼矿床,成矿岩体为斜长花岗岩、二长花岗岩、钾长花岗岩及酸性细晶斑岩株组成的复合岩体,LA-ICP-MS U-Pb上交点年龄2400 Ma,反映花岗岩源区岩石是新太古代到古元古代陆壳变质岩。各岩性锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测定显示成矿岩体形成于印支期(225.9±4.4)Ma~(237.5±5.9)Ma、(236.8±4.5)Ma~(244.3±4.2)Ma、(247.5±4.4)Ma和(252.1±3.4)Ma~(258.8±3.3)Ma 4个阶段,同位素年龄反映的每个岩浆侵入阶段持续时间长,各侵入阶段间隔时间短。岩浆侵入期不同阶段元素经历了一定分异,各阶段岩石化学组成均显示铝过饱和,富钾特征,以晚期细晶岩K2O/Na2O最高,K2O对Ca O呈反相关关系。与世界主要岩浆岩带微量元素Sr/Ba-Zr/Y的比较显示,其不同于洋壳熔融成因花岗岩,而与燕山带、秦岭带岩浆岩地球化学特征一致,与矿区元古界变质岩围岩地球化学特征比较接近,这些特征显示本区成矿花岗岩是陆壳岩石熔融成因S型花岗岩。     

内蒙古红山子地区新太古代变质侵入岩年代学及地球化学特征

华北克拉通西部陆块阴山地块花岗-绿岩带中出露的花岗岩类型比较复杂,研究其类型、成因及其与绿岩带之间的联系,对于探讨花岗-绿岩带的形成和演化有重要意义。本文对内蒙古三合明铁矿西侧红山子地区的花岗-绿岩带进行了研究。其不仅包含有大量的变质科马提岩、科马提质玄武岩和拉斑玄武岩等绿岩带的表壳岩,而且发育着多种变质侵入岩。研究表明,区内与绿岩带相关的侵入岩主要有3种,即变质英云闪长岩、变质花岗闪长岩、变质花岗岩,本文对其中的变质英云闪长岩和变质花岗岩两种岩石进行了地球化学和锆石测年的研究。变质英云闪长岩是一套富铝、低钾、贫铁镁和稀土元素强烈分异的太古宙高铝型TTG岩,SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年为(2 534±7)Ma(MSWD=1.3),与研究区南部的赞岐岩和TTG的年龄相同;而变质花岗岩具有高硅、富碱,低铁、镁、钛、锰的特点,是一套钙碱性的过铝质岩石,SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年为(2 509±7)Ma(MSWD=1.5),野外地质现象表明变质花岗岩明显地侵入到区内的绿岩地层和变质英云闪长岩之中。研究发现变质英云闪长岩形成于板块俯冲时TTG岩系岩浆弧构造环境,而变质花岗岩成因则可能与加厚地壳中变沉积岩的熔融有关。     

K–Ar ages of plutonism and mineralization at the Shizhuyuan W–Sn–Bi–Mo deposit,Hunan Province,China

The Qianlishan granite complex, situated 16 km southeast of Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, China, hosts the Shizhuyuan W–Sn–Bi–Mo deposit. This complex, which intruded the Protozoic metasedimentary rocks and the Devonian clastic sedimentary and carbonate rocks, consists of mainly medium- to coarse-grained biotite granites and minor amounts of fine-grained biotite granite in addition to granite and quartz porphyry. K–Ar ages suggest three episodes of plutonism: the medium- to coarse-grained biotite granite (before 152 Ma), the fine-grained biotite granite (137 Ma), and the granite porphyry (129–131 Ma). Muscovite ages of the greisen are 145–148 Ma, suggesting that the W–Sn–Bi–Mo mineralization was related to the main, medium- to coarse-grained biotite granites. The K–Ar age of the hydrothermal vein mineralization is 92 Ma and is probably related to the porphyries.     

Late Paleozoic granitoids of western Transbaikalia: magma sources and stages of formation

Geochemical and geochronological studies of the main types of granitoids of the Angara-Vitim batholith (AVB) and granites of the Zaza complex in western Transbaikalia were carried out. U-Pb (SHRIMP-II) and Rb-Sr dating yielded the age of autochthonous gneiss-granites of the Zelenaya Griva massif (325.3±2.8 Ma), quartz syenites of the Khangintui pluton (302.3±3.7 Ma) and intruding leucogranites of the Zaza complex (294.4±1 Ma), monzonites of the Khasurta massif (283.7±5.3 Ma), and quartz monzonites of the Romanovka massif (278.5±2.4 Ma). The U-Pb and Rb-Sr dates show that the Late Paleozoic magmatism in western Transbaikalia proceeded in two stages: (1) 340–320 Ma, when predominantly mesocratic granites of the Barguzin complex, including autochthonous ones, formed, and (2) 310–270 Ma, when most AVB granitoids formed. We suggest that at the early stage, crustal peraluminous granites formed in collision geodynamic setting. At the late (main) stage, magmatism occurred in postorogenic-extension setting and was accompanied by the formation of several geochemical types of granitoids: (1) typical intrusive mesocratic granites of the Barguzin complex, similar to those produced at the first stage; (2) melanocratic granitoids (monzonitoids, quartz syenites), which were earlier dated to the early stage of the AVB evolution; (3) leucocratic medium-alkali (peraluminous) granites of the Zaza intrusive complex; and (4) some alkali-granite and syenite intrusions accompanied by alkaline mafic rocks. The diversity of granitoids that formed at the late stage of magmatism was due to the heterogeneous composition of crust protoliths and different degrees of mantle-magma participation in their formation.