Melt Events in A Nascent Mantle Wedge: Implication from the Luobusa Ophiolite,Tibet

The compositions of minerals and whole rocks of the Luobusa ophiolite in South Tibet, a fragment of Neo‐Tethyan forearc lithosphere, is used to investigate the magmatic evolution of nascent mantle wedges in newly‐initiated subduction zones. Clinopyroxenes in the Luobusa peridotites all have diopsidic compositions, and their Al₂O₃ contents vary from ～ 2% in the dunites and refractory harzburgites to 2‐4% in the cpx‐bearing harzburgites. The REE of clinopyroxenes in the harzburgites have left‐sloping patterns with contents comparable to those in abyssal peridotites that have experienced 5‐15% partial melting. Chromites in the Luobusa chromitites have the highest Cr#s (～ 80) and TiO2 contents (0.1‐0.2%), and those in the cpx‐bearing harzburgites have the lowest Cr#s (20‐60) and TiO2 contents (0‐0.1%), whereas those in refractory harzburgites and dunites have intermediate compositions. Cpx‐bearing and refractory harzburgites show spoon‐and U‐shaped REE patterns, respectively, and their HREE distribution patterns suggest at least 15%‐ 20% partial melting. The REE patterns of dunites and high‐Cr chromitites vary from spoon‐ to U‐shaped and require 15‐30% partial melting in their mantle sources to produce their parental melts. Our dataset reveals that the nascent Luobusa mantle wedge was first infiltrated by slab‐derived fluids and later refertilized by transitional lava‐like melts, resulting in cpx‐bearing harzburgites. Partial melting in the deeper cpx‐bearing mantle generated high‐Ca boninitic to arc picritic melts, which interacted with the peridotites in the uppermost mantle to generate high‐Cr chromitites, dunites and some refractory harzburgites. Lithological variation from cpx‐bearing to refractory harzburgites in forearc ophiolites is the result of multi‐stage melt events rather than increasing degrees of partial melting. Intermittent slab rollback during subduction initiation induces asthenospheric upwelling and high heat flux in nascent mantle wedges. Elevated geothermal gradients play a more important role than slab dehydration in triggering Mg‐rich magmatism in newly‐initiated subduction zones.     

西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带罗布莎地幔橄榄岩的成因

广泛分布在雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的地幔橄榄岩是没有蛇纹石化的新鲜岩石,因而通过显微镜下观察和全岩化学分布探索其成因和地幔活动,是十分有利和简便的。最近几年来,利用岩石化学资料揭示远洋橄榄岩,认为它不是原始地幔岩经分或分离熔化作用萃取出玄武岩熔体后的直接残余物。罗布落蛇绿岩橄的镜下观察和岩石化学资料也证明,它不是原始地幔岩经局部熔化后的残余物,而且由来自更深层的地幔过渡带的硅酸盐超高压矿物底辟上升经熔取     

Diamond in Oceanic Peridotites and Chromitites: Evidence for Deep Recycled Mantle in the Global Ophiolite Record

Diamonds have been discovered in mantle peridotites and chromitites of six ophiolitic massifs along the 1300 km‐long Yarlung‐Zangbo suture (Bai et al., 1993; Yang et al., 2014; Xu et al., 2015), and in the Dongqiao and Dingqing mantle peridotites of the Bangong‐Nujiang suture in the eastern Tethyan zone (Robinson et al., 2004; Xiong et al., 2018). Recently, in‐situ diamond, coesite and other UHP mineral have also been reported in the Nidar ophiolite of the western Yarlung‐Zangbo suture (Das et al., 2015, 2017). The above‐mentioned diamond‐bearing ophiolites represent remnants of the eastern Mesozoic Tethyan oceanic lithosphere. New publications show that diamonds also occur in chromitites in the Pozanti‐Karsanti ophiolite of Turkey, and in the Mirdita ophiolite of Albania in the western Tethyan zone (Lian et al., 2017; Xiong et al., 2017; Wu et al., 2018). Similar diamonds and associated minerals have also reported from Paleozoic ophiolitic chromitites of Central Asian Orogenic Belt of China and the Ray‐Iz ophiolite in the Polar Urals, Russia (Yang et al., 2015a, b; Tian et al., 2015; Huang et al, 2015). Importantly, in‐situ diamonds have been recovered in chromitites of both the Luobusa ophiolite in Tbet and the Ray‐Iz ophiolite in Russia (Yang et al., 2014, 2015a). The extensive occurrences of such ultra‐high pressure (UHP) minerals in many ophiolites suggest formation by similar geological events in different oceans and orogenic belts of different ages. Compared to diamonds from kimberlites and UHP metamorphic belts, micro‐diamonds from ophiolites present a new occurrence of diamond that requires significantly different physical and chemical conditions of formation in Earth's mantle. The forms of chromite and qingsongites (BN) indicate that ophiolitic chromitite may form at depths of >150‐380 km or even deeper in the mantle (Yang et al., 2007; Dobrthinetskaya et al., 2009). The very light C isotope composition (δ13C ‐18 to ‐28‰) of these ophiolitic diamonds and their Mn‐bearing mineral inclusions, as well as coesite and clinopyroxene lamallae in chromite grains all indicate recycling of ancient continental or oceanic crustal materials into the deep mantle (>300 km) or down to the mantle transition zone via subduction (Yang et al., 2014, 2015a; Robinson et al., 2015; Moe et al., 2018). These new observations and new data strongly suggest that micro‐diamonds and their host podiform chromitite may have formed near the transition zone in the deep mantle, and that they were then transported upward into shallow mantle depths by convection processes. The in‐situ occurrence of micro‐diamonds has been well‐demonstrated by different groups of international researchers, along with other UHP minerals in podiform chromitites and ophiolitic peridotites clearly indicate their deep mantle origin and effectively address questions of possible contamination during sample processing and analytical work. The widespread occurrence of ophiolite‐hosted diamonds and associated UHP mineral groups suggests that they may be a common feature of in‐situ oceanic mantle. The fundamental scientific question to address here is how and where these micro‐diamonds and UHP minerals first crystallized, how they were incorporated into ophiolitic chromitites and peridotites and how they were preserved during transport to the surface. Thus, diamonds and UHP minerals in ophiolites have raised new scientific problems and opened a new window for geologists to study recycling from crust to deep mantle and back to the surface.     

Podiform Chromitites and Mantle Peridotites of the Purang Ophiolite, Western Yarlung-Zangbo Suture Zone, Tibet: Implications for Partial Melting and Melt-Rock Interaction in Oceanic and Subduction-Related Settings

<正>The Purang ophiolite,which crops out over an area of about 650 km~2 in the western Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone,consists chiefly of mantle peridotite,pyroxenite and gabbro.The mantle peridotites are mostly harzburgite and minor lherzolite that locally host small pods of dunite.Some pyroxenite and gabbro veins of variable size occur     

罗布莎蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩同位素特征及其成因

罗布莎蛇绿岩岩石单元出露齐全,以地幔橄榄岩为主,构造变形强烈;在堆积杂岩中上部产出有仰冲型斜长花岗岩小岩块;辉绿岩以脉状形式产出于地幔橄榄岩的方辉橄榄岩中;壳层岩石相对很薄且比较复杂.Sr、Nd和Pb同位素组成研究表明:罗布莎地幔橄榄岩绝大多数样品具有高ISr值(0.705489～0.714625);低INd值(0.5...     

北山造山带白云山蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩成因及形成环境

白云山蛇绿岩是北山造山带保存最好的蛇绿岩之一,其起源存在较大的争议。该蛇绿岩主要由橄榄岩、辉长岩以及基性火山岩等组成。橄榄岩主体为方辉橄榄岩以及少量二辉橄榄岩。这些岩石均发生不同程度的蛇纹石化以及强烈的变形变质作用。研究选取9件橄榄岩样品进行了全岩主量元素分析及单矿物电子探针分析,结果显示岩石均来自地幔。岩石中的尖晶石和辉石组分用来限定白云山蛇绿岩的成因及形成环境。样品包含了高Cr#（46.7~68.1）的尖晶石以及低Al2O3（0.78%~2.94%）含量的单斜辉石。矿物化学特征显示,地幔橄榄岩熔融程度为23%~36%,表明白云山地幔橄榄岩可能经历了多个阶段。矿物学及全岩地球化学特征表明,白云山蛇绿岩形成于洋中脊（MOR）环境,后受到俯冲带（SSZ）环境的改造。     

Evolution History of Mantle Peridotites in the Xigaze Ophiolite: Constraints from Whole-rock and Mineral Geochemistry

正Ophiolites along the E-W trending Yarlung-Tsangpo Suture(YTS),which separates the Indian plate from the Eurasian plate,have been regarded as relics of the NeoTethyan Ocean.The Xigaze ophiolite in the central YTS     

西藏西南部达巴-休古嘎布蛇绿岩带中地幔橄榄岩的成因

本文报道了西藏西南部达巴-休古嘎布蛇绿岩带中橄榄岩的矿物化学资料.橄榄岩中主要造岩矿物化学成分的分析研究表明,该区橄榄岩为残余地幔成因,但它们不是地幔简单熔化的残余物.尖晶石中Cr#及辉石中Ti的广泛变化表明它们具有复杂的熔融历史及地幔交代作用的印记,其形成过程可能经历了两种构造环境的转变.早期在MORB环境下形成低Cr#(尖晶石)橄榄岩;其后由于洋内俯冲作用,早先形成的低熔橄榄岩被消减到岛弧之下再度发生熔融形成高Cr#(尖晶石)橄榄岩.从而,在古大洋消失之后形成的碰撞带上同时保存了MORB型和SSZ型两类蛇绿岩.     

Origin of Plagioclase Lherzolite from the Nikanbetsu Peridotite Complex, Hokkaido, Northern Japan: Implications for Incipient Melt Migration and Segregation in the Partially Molten Upper Mantle

The Nikanbetsu peridotite complex, Hokkaido, Japan, is composedof mainly fertile lherzolite, which shows several lines of evidencefor incipient partial melting in the spinel–plagioclasefacies. There are petrological, textural and mineral chemicalvariations in plagioclase-free and -bearing lherzolites fromthe base to the top of the complex within the total thicknessof 1400 m. Two-pyroxene and spinel symplectites occur only atthe base of the complex. Mass-balance calculations on theirbulk compositions suggest that they lost the Al component frompyropic garnet. The Wo content of orthopyroxene cores continuouslyincreases, whereas the Al content decreases from the base upward.Ca–Na zoning patterns of plagioclase in the plagioclaselherzolites characteristically change from W-shaped patternsat the base to oscillatory patterns in the upper part of thecomplex. These lines of petrological, textural and mineral chemicalevidence indicate that incipient partial melting occurred everywherein the complex, with an increase in the degree of melting fromthe base toward the top, in proportion to a monotonous riseof the equilibrium temperature from 1100°C to 1250°C.The systematics of plagioclase zoning provides evidence forsimultaneous incipient partial melting, melt migration, decompressionand melt crystallization in the ascending upper-mantle rocks. KEY WORDS: melt migration; oscillatory zoning; partial melting; plagioclase lherzolite; symplectite     

Geochemical Evidence for Subduction Fluxes, Mantle Melting and Fractional Crystallization Beneath the South Sandwich Island Arc

The volcanoes of the South Sandwich island arc follow threedistinct series: low-K tholeiitic (followed by Zavodovski, Candlemas,Vindication, Montagu and Bristol), tholeiitic (followed by Visokoi,Saunders and Bellinghausen) and calcalkaline (followed by Leskov,Freehand and part of Cook and Thule). Flux calculations indicatethat the percentage contribution of the subduction componentto the mantle source of all three series varies from undetectable(e.g. Zr) through small (e.g. Nd=20%) and moderate (e.g. La,Ce, Sr=50–80%) to dominant (e.g. Pb, K, Ba, Rb, Cs >90%)with little change along the arc. Isotope systematics (Pb, Nd,Sr) show that this subduction component obtains a greater contributionfrom altered oceanic crust than from pelagic sediment. Elementsfor which the subduction contribution is small show that themantle is already depleted relative to N-MORB mantle (equivalentto loss of an 2•5% melt fraction) before melting beneaththe arc. After addition of the subduction component, dynamicmelting of this depleted mantle then causes the variations inK that distinguish the three series. The estimated degree ofpartial melting (20%) is slightly greater than that beneathocean ridges, though geothermometry suggests that the primarymagma temperature (1225C) is similar to that of primary MORB.About half of the melting may be attributed to volatile addition,and half to decompression. Dynamic melting involving three-dimensional,two-phase flow may be needed to explain fully the inter-islandvariations. KEY WORDS: geochemistry; petrology; fluxes; melting; subduction ^*Corresponding author     

马尼拉海沟俯冲带增生楔中天然气水合物的流体运移通道

南海东北部海域水深、沉积厚度大、沉积速率高和有机质含量丰富,为马尼拉增生楔中天然气水合物成藏提供了必要的气源,且相应适宜的温压条件以及构造背景也有利于天然气水合物的形成与赋存,其中马尼拉俯冲带俯冲前缘以及增生楔中的断裂系统成为天然气水合物成藏的非常重要的运移通道。通过对地震剖面中断裂系统和三维地貌图的精细解释,分析了马尼拉海沟俯冲带存在的海沟前缘正断层、海沟轴部的盲断层以及增生楔中的盲冲断层或逆冲断层,直到最后发育成隔断叠瓦状岩片的逆冲断层组,这些断裂系统反映出增生楔上天然气水合物的含气流体的形成、运移及聚集过程,成为天然气水合物成藏的运移通道。     

Compositions & Melt Evolution of Upper Mantle Peridotites in the Tethyan Ophiolites

正The Jurassic–Cretaceous ophiolites in the Alpine–Himalayan orogenic belt represent fragments of oceanic lithosphere,developed in different seaways separated by Gondwana–derived ribbon continents within a broad     

Petrogenesis of Peridotites from the Purang Ophiolite in Western Part of Yarlung-Zangbo Suture Zone, Southern Tibet

<正>Peridotites are an important part of ophiolites:they not only record plate tectonic settings and events,but also offer help to interpret the composition of the mantle and the effect of the deep mantle.The Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone extends more than 2000 km along southern Tibet,which is the biggest suture zone in China.The western     

Bulk-rock Major and Trace Element Compositions of Abyssal Peridotites: Implications for Mantle Melting, Melt Extraction and Post-melting Processes Beneath Mid-Ocean Ridges

This paper presents the first comprehensive major and traceelement data for 130 abyssal peridotite samples from the Pacificand Indian ocean ridge–transform systems. The data revealimportant features about the petrogenesis of these rocks, mantlemelting and melt extraction processes beneath ocean ridges,and elemental behaviours. Although abyssal peridotites are serpentinized,and have also experienced seafloor weathering, magmatic signaturesremain well preserved in the bulk-rock compositions. The betterinverse correlation of MgO with progressively heavier rare earthelements (REE) reflects varying amounts of melt depletion. Thismelt depletion may result from recent sub-ridge mantle melting,but could also be inherited from previous melt extraction eventsfrom the fertile mantle source. Light REE (LREE) in bulk-rocksamples are more enriched, not more depleted, than in the constituentclinopyroxenes (cpx) of the same sample suites. If the cpx LREErecord sub-ridge mantle melting processes, then the bulk-rockLREE must reflect post-melting refertilization. The significantcorrelations of LREE (e.g. La, Ce, Pr, Nd) with immobile highfield strength elements (HFSE, e.g. Nb and Zr) suggest thatenrichments of both LREE and HFSE resulted from a common magmaticprocess. The refertilization takes place in the ‘cold’thermal boundary layer (TBL) beneath ridges through which theascending melts migrate and interact with the advanced residues.The refertilization apparently did not affect the cpx relicsanalyzed for trace elements. This observation suggests grain-boundaryporous melt migration in the TBL. The ascending melts may notbe thermally ‘reactive’, and thus may have affectedonly cpx rims, which, together with precipitated olivine, entrappedmelt, and the rest of the rock, were subsequently serpentinized.Very large variations in bulk-rock Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta ratios areobserved, which are unexpected. The correlation between thetwo ratios is consistent with observations on basalts that D_Zr/D_Hf< 1 and D_Nb/D_Ta < 1. Given the identical charges (5⁺ forNb and Ta; 4⁺ for Zr and Hf) and essentially the same ionicradii (R_Nb/R_Ta = 1·000 and R_Zr/R_Hf = 1·006–1·026),yet a factor of 2 mass differences (M_Zr/M_Hf = 0·511 andM_Nb/M_Ta = 0·513), it is hypothesized that mass-dependentD values, or diffusion or mass-transfer rates may be importantin causing elemental fractionations during porous melt migrationin the TBL. It is also possible that some ‘exotic’phases with highly fractionated Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta ratios may existin these rocks, thus having ‘nugget’ effects onthe bulk-rock analyses. All these hypotheses need testing byconstraining the storage and distribution of all the incompatibletrace elements in mantle peridotite. As serpentine containsup to 13 wt % H₂O, and is stable up to 7 GPa before it is transformedto dense hydrous magnesium silicate phases that are stable atpressures of 5–50 GPa, it is possible that the serpentinizedperidotites may survive, at least partly, subduction-zone dehydration,and transport large amounts of H₂O (also Ba, Rb, Cs, K, U, Sr,Pb, etc. with elevated U/Pb ratios) into the deep mantle. Thelatter may contribute to the HIMU component in the source regionsof some oceanic basalts. KEY WORDS: abyssal peridotites; serpentinization; seafloor weathering; bulk-rock major and trace element compositions; mantle melting; melt extraction; melt–residue interaction; porous flows; Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf fractionations; HIMU mantle sources     

大别-苏鲁造山带橄榄岩记录的碰撞造山过程中地幔楔的地壳交代作用

地壳交代作用是洋壳俯冲带板片-地幔界面的普遍现象,由于地幔楔样品的缺乏,其识别存在困难。而碰撞造山带广泛出露的地幔楔来源的造山带橄榄岩则是理想的研究对象。本文对大别-苏鲁造山带橄榄岩的已有研究成果进行了系统总结。这些成果表明这些橄榄岩在大洋俯冲向大陆碰撞转换的不同阶段经历了多期地壳来源流体的交代作用。地壳交代作用不仅改变了地幔楔橄榄岩的地球化学成分,而且导致了交代矿物的生长以及超镁铁质交代体的形成。这些交代体或作为同碰撞和碰撞后镁铁质火成岩的地幔源区,或将地壳组分传输到深部地幔,或释放流体交代大陆俯冲隧道中的俯冲陆壳。本文对地壳交代作用研究中存在的重要问题和解决思路提出了建议。     

Diamonds and Other Exotic Minerals Recovered from Peridotites of the Dangqiong Ophiolite,Western Yarlung-Zangbo Suture Zone,Tibet

Various combinations of diamond, moissanite, zircon, quartz, corundum, rutile, titanite, almandine garnet, kyanite, and andalusite have been recovered from the Dangqiong peridotites. More than 80 grains of diamond have been recovered, most of which are pale yellow to reddish-orange to colorless. The grains are all 100-200 μm in size and mostly anhedral, but with a range of morphologies including elongated, octahedral and subhedral varieties. Their identification was confirmed by a characteristic shift in the Raman spectra between 1325 cm~(-1) and 1333 cm~(-1), mostly at 1331.51 cm~(-1) or 1326.96 cm~(-1). Integration of the mineralogical, petrological and geochemical data for the Dongqiong peridotites suggests a multi-stage formation for this body and similar ophiolites in the Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone. Chromian spinel grains and perhaps small bodies of chromitite crystallized at various depths in the upper mantle, and encapsulated the UHP, highly reduced and crustal minerals. Some oceanic crustal slabs containing the chromian spinel and their inclusion were later trapped in suprasubduction zones(SSZ), where they were modified by island arc tholeiitic and boninitic magmas, thus changing the chromian spinel compositions and depositing chromitite ores in melt channels.     

Carbon Enrichment in the Lithospheric Mantle: Evidence from the Melt Inclusions in Mantle Xenoliths from the Hainan Basalts

It is generally believed that the lithospheric mantle and the mantle transition zone are important carbon reservoirs. However, the location of carbon storage in Earth’s interior and the reasons for carbon enrichment remain unclear. In this study, we report CO₂-rich olivine-hosted melt inclusions in the mantle xenoliths of late Cenozoic basalts from the Penglai area, Hainan Province, which may shed some light on the carbon enrichment process in the lithospheric mantle. We also present ...     

Mantle petrology and mineralogy of the Thetford Mines Ophiolite Complex

The Ordovician Thetford Mines ophiolite complex (TMOC) formed by boninite-fed seafloor-spreading, probably in a fore-arc environment. The mantle section is dominated by foliated harzburgite (≤ 5–6% clinopyroxene), cut by dunitic (± chromitite cores) and orthopyroxenitic veins and dykes. Contrasting structures, textures and mineral compositions allow us to subdivide the mantle. The granular-textured rocks of the Duck Lake Block (DLB) have two steeply-dipping foliations. The older foliation strikes NW, is sub-perpendicular to the Moho, and is interpreted to have resulted from upflow of the asthenosphere beneath the spreading ridge. This fabric is overprinted by a 2nd ductile foliation striking ENE, oriented sub-parallel to the Moho, which we interpreted as having formed by crust–mantle shear as the lithosphere migrated away from the spreading ridge. The DLB mantle has a limited range of spinel Cr# (100Cr / (Cr + Al) = 51–71). Comparison with experimentally determined residual spinel compositions (equilibrium melting) implies a maximum loss of 27–38% melt if the protolith had a fertile MORB mantle composition. However, interstitial-textured clinopyroxene may have high TiO₂ (< 0.04wt.%) and Na₂O (< 0.27wt.%), and some interstitial spinel has higher TiO₂ (< 0.09wt.%), suggesting interaction with (or crystallization from) an “impregnating” melt. Interstitial tremolitic amphibole also indicates the passage of late hydrous fluids. The harzburgite in the Caribou Mountain Block (CMB) has a porphyroclastic texture, with a strong, locally mylonitic foliation striking roughly N–S, parallel to the orientation of seafloor-spreading related paleo-normal faults in the crust. These fabrics and textures imply a colder, lithospheric deformation, possibly related to tectonic denudation (oceanic core complex). This would explain problematic lava/mantle contacts, favour infiltration of seawater, serpentinization, and reduced fO₂ conditions. The CMB mantle shows a wider range of mineral compositions than the DLB, with spinel Cr# (28–86) implying ≤ 15–45% of equilibrium melting. Locally higher TiO₂ in spinel (< 0.05wt.%) and clinopyroxene (< 0.11wt.%), a local rimward decrease in spinel Cr#, clinopyroxene Cr#, and olivine Fo-content, and traces of interstitial amphibole, are attributed to the circulation of an evolved hydrous melt during peridotite deformation. This suggests that the lower limit to the extent of melting inferred for the CMB (15%), established on the basis of Al-rich spinel rims and neoblasts, is probably too low. On the other hand, the higher inferred degree of depletion of the CMB is probably unaffected by the metasomatic overprint and is a more robust conclusion.     

Sources and Fluids in the Mantle Wedge below Kamchatka, Evidence from Across-arc Geochemical Variation

Major and trace element and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic variationsin mafic volcanic rocks hve been studied in a 220 km transectacross the Kamchatka arc from the Eastern Volcanic Front, overthe Central Kamchatka Depression to the Sredinny Ridge in theback-arc. Thirteen volcanoes and lava fields, from 110 to 400km above the subducted slab, were sampled. This allows us tocharacterize spatial variations and the relative amount andcomposition of the slab fluid involved in magma genesis. TypicalKamchatka arc basalts, normalized for fractionation to 6% MgO,display a strong increase in large ion lithophile, light rareearth and high field strength elements from the arc front tothe back-arc. Ba/Zr and Ce/Pb ratios, however, are nearly constantacross the arc, which suggests a similar fluid input for Baand Pb. La/Yb and Nb/Zr increase from the arc front to the back-arc.Rocks from the Central Kamchatka Depression range in ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Srfrom 0·70334 to 0·70366, but have almost constantNd isotopic compositions (¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd 0·51307–0·51312).This correlates with the highest U/Th ratios in these rocks.Pb-isotopic ratios are mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)-like butdecrease slightly from the volcanic front to the back-arc. Theinitial mantle source ranged from N-MORB-like in the volcanicfront and Central Kamchatka Depression to more enriched in theback-arc. This enriched component is similar to an ocean-islandbasalt (OIB) source. Variations in (CaO)_6·0–(Na₂O)_6·0show that degree of melting decreases from the arc front tothe Central Kamchatka Depression and remains constant from thereto the Sredinny Ridge. Calculated fluid compositions have asimilar trace element pattern across the arc, although minordifferences are implied. A model is presented that quantifiesthe various mantle components (variably depleted N-MORB-mantleand enriched OIB-mantle) and the fluid compositions added tothis mantle wedge. The amount of fluid added ranges from 0·7to 2·1%. The degree of melting changes from