新疆东昆仑鸭子泉—维宝一带地质成矿规律浅析

东昆仑祁漫塔格地区位于东昆仑F e-Pb-Zn-Cu-Co-A u-W-Sn-多金属-盐类成矿带中,随着地质勘查进程的不断深入,该区现已成为铁矿、钨锡矿、铜矿、铅锌矿等矿产的矿集区,其地质找矿潜力非常巨大。笔者从成矿地质条件、区域地球物理场、区域地球化学场等角度对鸭子泉—维宝地区的成矿规律进行了剖析,并结合白干湖钨锡矿、维宝铅锌矿等典型矿床的特征对区内的各主要成矿元素的成矿类型、成矿期次进行了较为系统的归纳,认为该区具有寻找岩浆热液型钨锡矿、层控型铅锌矿、矽卡岩型铁铜多金属矿等矿产的有利地质条件,并对以上各类型矿床的产出环境、成矿时代、沉积(变质)建造、岩浆建造、控矿构造等成矿地质条件进行了总结,建立了区域成矿模式。     

青海东昆仑南坡成矿带铜钴矿预测中的主要科技问题

青海省东昆仑南坡金铜铅锌多金属成矿带经历了漫长而复杂的地质构造演化历史,产有丰富的金、铜、铅、锌、钼等金属矿产,但在铜钴矿预测中仍存在一些关键科学问题需进一步研究解决。本文在详述了区域地层、侵入岩、变质岩、构造、矿产等区域成矿地质背景的基础上,分析了青海东昆仑南坡成矿带地质工作程度低、研究程度低、成矿预测的基础科学问题不清、矿产勘查项目所引用的基础资料与研究工作所引用的基础资料明显不一致和主要矿床类型及预测方向等主要科学技术问题,探讨了该成矿带铜钴矿产预测现状与预测思路,从而提出了青海东昆仑南坡成矿带开展铜钴矿预测的工作方向。     

矿产资源评价系统及其在东昆仑的应用

多元信息成矿预测是一种高效、高质量的找矿勘查方法,代表了当今找矿评价工作中的主流发展趋势,该方法是以成矿地质理论为指导、以地物化遥异常理论为依托、借助数学方法和计算机技术对地物化遥异常中的各种与矿床有关的信息进行量化分析,从而进行成矿预测的一种找矿勘查技术方法。本研究的重点是应用矿产资源评价系统,分析和运用研究区的地质、地球化学和地球物理信息,构造预测变量,将各种有利于矿床形成的变量进行成矿有利度得分和多源信息综合定量分析,在此基础上,综合分析东昆仑地区地质、矿产、地球物理和地球化学信息,根据已知矿床反映出的成矿规律、控矿条件及找矿标志建立找矿模型,对东昆仑地区进行了1：50万综合成矿预测,获得Sedex型矿床在东昆仑地区的成矿有利度分布,并圈定出找矿远景区。为东昆仑地区找矿预测提供了重要依据。     

东昆仑拉陵高里地区铁铜多金属矿成矿特征 与找矿潜力分析

昆仑成矿带是青海省近年来找矿成果最为显著的地区之一。随着地质调查工作的不断深入,勘查及科研成果资料的日益丰富,研究大型-超大型矿床成矿条件、控矿因素和分布规律,完善成矿理论和矿床模型,对推动东昆仑矿产勘查至关重要。拉陵高里地区相继发现了红山铁矿点、小孤山铁矿点、拉陵高里河东铁矿点及拉陵高里河下游铁铜矿点等,是东昆仑地区重要的铁矿资源储备基地,本文对区内典型矿床拉陵高里河下游铁铜矿床的成矿地质背景、矿体特征、矿石成分、围岩蚀变等进行综合研究,系统总结矿床的地质特征、控矿因素、成矿规律及找矿标志,对区内找矿具有指导意义。     

新疆和田县团结峰铅锌矿床地质特征及成矿模式初建

西昆仑一带是新疆重要的铅锌铜矿基地,有着重要的战略地位。团结峰铅锌矿床位于林济塘(陆缘盆地)Fe-Pb-Zn-Cu-Au-Mo-石膏矿带内,地质工作程度相对较低。本文通过研究矿床的地质特征,从含矿地层、控矿构造等方面分析了矿床形成的地质条件,根据矿体的形态、矿石结构构造、矿物组合特征,以及成矿过程建立了成矿模式和找矿模型,以指导区域同类型矿床勘查工作。     

新疆和田县团结峰铅锌矿床地质特征及成矿模式初建

西昆仑一带是新疆重要的铅锌铜矿基地,有着重要的战略地位。团结峰铅锌矿床位于林济塘(陆缘盆地)Fe-Pb-Zn-Cu-Au-Mo-石膏矿带内,地质工作程度相对较低。本文通过研究矿床的地质特征,从含矿地层、控矿构造等方面分析了矿床形成的地质条件,根据矿体的形态、矿石结构构造、矿物组合特征,以及成矿过程建立了成矿模式和找矿模型,以指导区域同类型矿床勘查工作。     

青海东昆仑成矿带中生代构造-岩浆-成矿作用及铜金多金属找矿研究

东昆仑成矿带主要经历了元古宙、早古生代、晚古生代和中生代四个发展期或构造旋回期。其中,中生代构造-岩浆-成矿活动对区域铜金多金属大规模成矿具有重要作用。以区域性深大断裂控矿为主线,研究分析青海东昆仑构造-岩浆-成矿作用与主要矿产分布特征,探讨区域成矿规律及大型-超大型矿床的形成条件,提出了岩浆热液型铜金多金属矿床的勘查思路与找矿方向。     

云南宁蒗—丽江—鹤庆地区成矿地质特征

根据近几年来对该地区矿床地质勘查研究资料,剖析区域成矿条件和典型矿床成矿地质特征,提出该区订矿床类型为海底火山喷发沉积－热液型、复合式斑岩型和构造蚀变岩型,主要矿产为金、银、铜、铅锌矿。     

新疆东昆仑成矿带找矿潜力分析

新疆东昆仑成矿带是我国地质工作程度较低的地区之一,在近年矿产勘查中发现了白干湖钨锡矿床等矿床(点)47处,圈定1:5(10)万水系沉积物异常114处,并确立了该区属钨的地球化学块体.在成矿地质背景分析的基础上,对白干湖钨锡矿床、喀拉曲哈铜矿床和克孜勒金矿床等典型矿床特征进行了讨论,对区域找矿潜力和白干湖钨锡矿床的找矿潜力进行了分析.结果表明,该成矿带钨锡金铜等矿产找矿潜力巨大,并将成矿带划分为4处成矿远景区和18处成矿预测区.白干湖钨锡矿床有望成为超大型矿床.     

Division of metallogenic units in East Kunlun and its adjacent area

在前人研究的基础上,借鉴已有的中国矿产成矿系列和亚系列,对青海东昆仑及邻区成矿单元进行修订,将东昆仑共划分出 8 个成矿区带 (Ⅲ) 和 15 个成矿亚区带 (Ⅳ),并对划分出的成矿亚带成矿条件、优势矿种及矿床类型等主要地质特征进行系统分析,为进一步研究青海东昆仑成矿省成矿规律奠定基础。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料,就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因,其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应,以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上,讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。     

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the