Palaeochannel controlled Cretaceous sandstone-type uranium deposit of Lostoin area,Mahadek basin,Meghalaya

Sandstone–type uranium deposit hosted by reduced feldspathic sandstone sequence of lower part of Cretaceous Mahadek Formation occurs at Lostoin area of Mahadek basin and is confined within a prominent palaeochannel of NNE-SSW trend with flow towards SSW. The channel-fill comprises of about 10 m to 55 m grey to dark grey coloured, reduced, coarse to medium grained feldspathic sandstone along with abundant carbonaceous matter (5 to 15% by visual estimation) and is overlain by 5 m to 80 m of oxidized sub-feldspathic sandstone. Correlatable medium grade (～ 0.1% U₃O₈) uranium mineralization is intercepted in the boreholes aligned along the palaeochannel. Uraniferous solutions generated from the fertile provenance of south Khasi batholith flow through the channel and precipitated uranium at suitable reduction traps. Gentle slope of 2° to 3° of the basement channel facilitated prolonged interaction of uraniferous solution with reductants causing ore grade concentration. It has been envisaged that the control of palaeochannel and palaeobasement topography of the ore body would continue towards the SSW beyond Wahblei river.     

印度三个不同时代地洼区的铀成矿作用(英文)

在印度三个时代不同的地洼区中,出现重要的赋存于沉积岩中的铀矿化作用。这些地洼区是:a)印度南部的元古代库达帕洼地;b)印度东北部梅加拉亚的白垩纪Madadek盆地;c)印度北部的晚第三纪喜马拉雅前渊。库达帕洼地呈新月形,沿南印度克拉通东缘沉积,紧邻东加茨活动带,面积达44,500km~2。该洼地由数个上升、下落断块组成。在这些断块内,浅水砂质(库达帕亚组)和钙质(库尔努尔组)沉积物厚度超过12km,同时从2,000—600Ma,至少有四期粒玄岩墙侵入。铀矿化作用主要呈沥青铀矿(含硫化物)和次生铀矿物形式,沿库达帕洼地面南缘出现于磷质碳酸盐岩和共生物的帕帕格尼组砂质岩、砾岩中。如Tummalapalli、Ammasripall,在梅加拉亚,约200米厚的河流相、海相砂质、泥质沉积物分布于1.5km高的西隆高原南缘的Mahadek盆地。该盆地的铀矿化限于河流相、边缘海相早白垩世“石英粗砂碎屑岩/亚长石砂岩”型Mehadek砾岩中,如Comasahat,Pdensashakap、Domiasiat,并呈沥青铀矿、水硅铀矿、钛钠矿形式。这些矿物与还原剂(如碳、生物成因黄铁矿)紧密共生。在喜马拉雅前渊,铀矿化赋存于河流相锡瓦利克砂岩中,并主要产于锡瓦利克砂岩的下-中或中-上接触面上,如Thein、Morni、Hamirpur,Naugajiarao等地。矿化主要呈沥青铀矿、水硅铀矿(与硫化物共生)和大量次生铀矿物形式——这主要是由于持续至现在的反复的活化作用和沉淀作用。这三个地洼区铀成矿作用的共同特点是河流相沉积物围岩(主要为砂岩,并来源于丰富的酸性源区)、远成热液成矿作用和原始成矿作用时的强烈还原环境。这特征可作为在地洼区寻找赋存于沉积岩中的铀矿化的标志。     

煤田测井在砂岩型铀矿勘查选区中的应用

辽北煤盆地砂岩型铀矿的形成与煤盆地再生改造密切相关,且多位于煤盆地的边缘及断裂的斜坡区。通过对4556个钻孔自然伽马测井曲线异常的筛选,研究确定辽北煤盆地砂岩型铀矿勘查选区。在选区工作中,依据测井曲线自然伽马异常幅值与铀含量正相关关系,确定研究区内异常范围按50γ~100γ、101γ~350γ、大于351γ三个数值段分别统计;通过对伽马高异常岩性的分析,确认含煤盆地内白垩系上统泉头组砂岩、砂砾岩段为主要含铀岩层;根据各煤田异常孔、异常点、异常深度、异常厚度以及伽马异常值大小,圈定了3个砂岩型铀矿勘查选区,即辽宁北部的长城窝堡、铁法、古榆树——亮中远景区。     

鄂尔多斯盆地砂岩型铀矿深穿透地球化学勘查方法实验

鄂尔多斯盆地尚未开展区域化探扫面工作。文中以东胜砂岩型铀矿区为例,开展深穿透地球化学勘查方法实验。东胜铀矿床产于侏罗系直罗组下段,为隐伏矿床。研究发现,富含细粒级地表结层是半干旱盆地砂岩型铀矿区域地球化学勘查的有效采样介质。在东胜砂岩型铀矿区及周边2 000 km2的方法实验中,每4 km2采集一个样品,过筛后取-200目进行全量分析,在矿化出露区及隐伏矿区圈出了铀及相关元素的地球化学异常。对元素比值R=lnU/(lnCe+lnY+lnZr+lnNb)在不同区域分布特征的研究表明,样品中活动态铀是形成铀异常的主要原因,提取细粒级土壤组分进行全量分析,可作为区域深穿透地球化学的砂岩型铀矿找矿指标。在矿床尺度深化穿透地球化学勘查方法中,因实验区地形特点使得富含细粒级地表结层样品不易普遍取得,地表土壤的全量分析不能满足勘查要求,需要采用铀专属性强的提取试剂进行元素活动态分析。文中采用作者研制的MML-U活动态提取剂,在东胜铀矿区孙家梁矿段剖面实验中,成功探测到矿体上方土壤中的U、Mo、V等元素的活动态异常。     

Basic Structural and Geological Features of the Stolovac Uranium Mineral Occurrence, Eastern Serbia

The uranium mineral occurrence of Stolovac is located in the middle of a Permian red sandstone formation, the westernmost east‐Serbian Carpatho‐Balkan metallogenic province, or the Ridanj–Krepoljin ore zone. It was found by geological radiometry survey at the anomaly spots indicated by aerial gamma‐ray spectrometry (AGS). The task of anomaly identification is to accurately locate the AGS‐recorded anomalies in the field, to define the source of anomalous radioactivity (natural or artificial), to understand the relationship between the anomalous radioactivity and the given structural and geological situation, and to sample the material. The geological radiometry survey at scale 1:25,000 indicated increased radioactivity in gray sandstones of the Stolova?ki stream bed in Stolovac, some 40 km NE of Para?in. The instrument used was a scintillometer SSP 2NF, and the measured radioactivity was 10‐fold higher than the local background level. Of all the customary field work, the greatest volume (trenching, drilling and accessory testing) was carried out in Stolovac; other radioactivity anomalies in the red sandstone formation remained inadequately explored and are the subject of this paper. The 3‐year exploration in uranium at Stolovac indicated sandstone‐type infiltrated uranium mineralization in sandstones in the middle of the Permian red sandstone formation: a complex called “variegated rocks”.     

额仁淖尔地区钋法找矿效果

本文通过额仁淖尔地区钋异常晕分布形态、异常特征及其与铀矿化关系的探讨，指出半干旱草原荒漠区用快速、大面积土壤钋法区调成果，对盆地浅埋砂岩型铀矿成矿预测是有效果的。     

准噶尔盆地北三台凸起新近系含铀砂层分布预测

通过对准噶尔盆地北三台凸起油气钻井的录、测井等资料分析发现,在新近系沙湾组底部发育一套异常高自然伽马砂砾岩,其中B311 井GR值最高达1 732.58 API,预示该区具有良好铀资源勘探前景.为准确预测该区含铀砂岩分布,通过精细的合成记录标定,对该含铀砂层提取地震属性.通过多属性融合与分析,预测含铀砂层平面分布,进而...     

黑龙江省三江盆地砂岩型铀矿找矿方向探讨

三江盆地是我国黑龙江省东北部重要的中—新生代盆地。本文从三江盆地铀源条件、中—新生代构造演化、构造格局、中—新生代古气候演化、主要盖层沉积建造特征及后生蚀变特征等方面进行研究,以砂岩型铀矿成矿理论为指导,对三江盆地砂岩型铀矿成矿条件进行了综合分析,在此基础上对盆地找矿方向进行了探讨。研究认为：盆地西部具有较好的铀源条件,好于盆地其他地段;盆地中生代以来存在早白垩世末—晚白垩世早期和古近纪末—新近纪早期两期构造反转,在构造反转作用的控制下形成了盆地的主要找矿目标层下白垩统猴石沟组和古近系宝泉岭组含煤碎屑岩;猴石沟组、宝泉岭组及富锦组在盆地内发育有良好的地层结构和岩性岩相条件,同时在局部地区发育有氧化带,其是砂岩型铀矿找矿的重要线索。盆地砂岩型铀成矿条件总体较好,其中西部坳陷为重点工作区,猴石沟组和宝泉岭组为重点找矿层位。     

新疆准噶尔盆地顶山地区下第三系层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿化的发现及其意义

本简要介绍了准噶尔盆地北部顶山地区层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿化的发现，以及该区主要找矿目的层位——乌伦古河组和红砾山组的沉积环境、原生地球化学环境、层间氧化带发育规律和砂岩型铀矿化的产出特征。笔认为，层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿化的发现，对于在该盆地寻找可地浸砂岩型铀矿有着重要的意义。     

Sedimentation and extensional basin evolution in a Miocene metamorphic core complex setting, Alvord Mountain, central Mojave Desert, California, USA

The Lower Miocene Clews Formation at Alvord Mountain, Mojave Desert, California, comprises an upward coarsening sequence of synextensional continental deposits of variable thickness; this sequence pinches out to the west against the Alvord Mountain pre-Tertiary basement complex and thickens eastward to c.300 m over a distance of 7 km. Two stages of sedimentation are recognized in the formation. During the initial stage of sedimentation, the depocentre was delineated by a lacustrine system that was bounded to the west by small, sheetflood-dominated alluvial fans and to the north by a southerly flowing fluvial braidplain. Lacustrine mudstone, siltstone and carbonate suggest an initially closed basin. Conglomerate to the west represents small, sheetflood-dominated fans. Igneous clasts and a south-east palaeoflow direction suggest a proximal, low-relief source in the western Alvord Mountain area. Pebbly sandstone of the southward-prograding braidplain has a metasedimentary provenance in the Paradise Range to the north. The second stage of deposition was dominated by coarse conglomerate and breccia. West to southwest palaeotransport indicators and a distinctive metaigneous petrofacies indicate a provenance in the Cronese Hills, 8 km to the east. These strata reflect rapid westward progradation of sheetflood- and debris flow-dominated alluvial fans that advanced across the axial braidplain and lacustrine system. Basin development is interpreted to have been controlled by regional NE-directed extension on a detachment fault associated with the central Mojave metamorphic core complex. 30 km to the west. The Alvord Mountain - Cronese Hills region was initially transported as a single hangingwall block on the E-dipping detachment. Initial lacustrine sedimentation reflects the development of a flexural or sag basin in the hangingwall. Subsequent westward progradation of alluvial fans out of the Cronese Hills is believed to record the propagation of a NW-striking, SW-dipping normal fault antithetic to the low-angle E-dipping detachment fault.     

正向构造对层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿成矿和定位的控制

正向构造指的是与铀矿带或铀矿床产出位置相关的背斜、隆起、上升断块等矿床地质构造。伊犁盆地南缘、吐哈盆地西南缘、酒东盆地东北缘等砂岩型铀矿成矿带的产出特征表明,层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床、矿段和矿点总是选择性地就位于正向构造之中。其原因在于层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿的成矿机理所决定。即正向构造抬升了容矿层位,使其出露或接近地表,容易接受补给区含氧含铀水的渗入,造成主砂岩层的层间氧化,铀在主砂岩层中迁移,并在氧化还原界面还原成矿。因此,正向构造对氧化带砂岩型铀矿成矿和定位的作用应引起足够重视,它可以作为产铀盆地砂岩型铀矿带成矿远景区段识别和预测的一项重要判据。     

酒东盆地红山地区下白垩统新民堡群灰白色蚀变带特征及其与铀成矿的关系

研究区位于酒东盆地东北缘红山地区。通过对下白垩统新民堡群后生氧化改造作用的研究,认为灰白色弱氧化、强水解蚀变带是层间氧化带的一部分。铁和有机质是沉积岩中常见的色素,当含氧水进入目的层砂体时,砂体中的有机质、低价铁(Fe2+)等化合物被氧化,导致岩石褪色;同时氧化作用导致砂岩中长石水解,形成以高岭石为主的白色黏土矿物,使岩石增白。增白与褪色的双重作用是砂岩总体上变白的重要原因,其所形成的灰白色蚀变岩位于强氧化的紫红色-黄色蚀变亚带与灰色原生岩石带之间的一定范围内。铀矿化(体)产在弱氧化、强水解灰白色砂岩与原生灰色砂岩界面附近偏灰色岩石一侧[1-2]。灰白色蚀变带与铀成矿关系密切,可作为区域性白垩系砂岩型铀矿的找矿标志之一。     

多种能源矿产的地球物理判识标志及其在协同勘探上的应用

石油、天然气、煤炭和砂岩型铀矿在同一盆地共同富集成藏为多种能源矿产的协同勘探提供了有利条件。地震和测井方法在各个能源矿产的勘探开发中都得到了广泛的应用。多种能源矿产的协同勘探应该利用现有的丰富的油气煤勘探开发资料(地震资料和测井资料)寻找砂岩型铀矿。鄂尔多斯盆地周边西缘逆冲带、天环凹陷、伊盟隆起和晋西挠折带这些砂岩型铀矿的远景区,据资料统计钻探油气井已达300口以上,为砂岩型铀矿勘探积累了丰富的地震和测井资料。     

内蒙古东部开鲁盆地钱家店凹陷铀矿成藏沉积因素分析

内蒙古东部开鲁盆地钱家店凹陷铀矿床是辽河油田在进行外围盆地油气勘探过程中发现的伴生矿床。铀矿类型为层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床。对该区铀矿成藏条件进行研究表明：首先,具备富铀物源,铀源充足;上白垩统姚家组广泛发育的辫状河流相沉积体系,形成了渗透性砂岩、砂砾岩与隔水性泥岩稳定的互层结构,铀矿主要分布在其中的中孔、中渗砂体中;下白垩统的生、储油层,为铀矿形成提供了丰富的还原剂;产状平缓的沉积构造背景下形成的边缘相对隆起的自流汇水盆地,易使含氧含铀地下水沿砂体、不整合面向盆地内有利区补给,在氧化-还原界面附近铀沉淀成矿,为铀矿创造了进一步富集成藏的条件;预测该区铀矿资源为x×104t。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东北部纳岭沟铀矿床元素地球化学特征及其地质意义

纳岭沟铀矿床位于鄂尔多斯盆地北部,是我国目前已发现的可地浸砂岩型铀矿床之一。其受古层间氧化带控制,呈板状产于中侏罗统直罗组下段辫状河砂体中。笔者从元素地球化学分析入手,通过对不同蚀变砂岩的地球化学特征进行对比,认为蚀变砂岩主要化学成分的变化受成岩作用、水-岩作用,以及油气二次还原作用等影响,并且有机碳含量在矿化砂岩中较高,说明铀矿化与有机质关系密切。矿化砂岩中的微量元素相对富集或亏损明显,可能与成岩后期(热液)的改造作用有关。蚀变砂岩均表现出壳型花岗岩的微量和稀土元素特征,LREE相对富集,说明盆地北部的阴山、大青山古陆壳富铀花岗岩体是直罗组的主要物源。此外,δEu和δCe特征也表明纳岭沟铀矿床是在弱氧化-弱还原过渡性环境下形成。这些特征可作为找矿勘探的重要指示或标志。     

准噶尔盆地铀矿地质工作回顾及今后找矿方向

准噶尔盆地自1955年开始进行铀矿地质勘查及评价工作,60年来共完成钻探工作量超过26×10~4 m,已经发现铀矿床1处,矿点10余处。近年来,在地浸砂岩型铀矿找矿方面虽取得了大量成果,但由于对这些成果缺乏系统的梳理并受一些因素的影响,该区的找矿工作还难于深入推进。笔者试图通过对前人在该盆地的铀矿地质工作进行全面总结,在明确已经取得的主要成果认识基础上,从中发现可能被疏忽的主要地质问题,并提出今后的找矿方向,为该盆地砂岩型铀矿找矿工作取得新突破提供参考依据。     

非洲铀矿资源分布、地质特征与勘查开发

非洲铀矿资源丰富,在全球占有重要地位,是我国利用铀矿资源的重要来源地。通过分析非洲259处已知铀矿床（点）的地质特征与勘查开发现状,揭示非洲铀矿资源具有分布集中、规模巨大、矿床类型多样等特点,砂岩型、古石英-卵石砾岩型、侵入岩型是最重要的铀矿类型,非洲铀矿主要分布于卡普瓦尔克拉通、新元古代褶皱带的达马拉褶皱带和西非活动带伊勒姆登大型盆地,成矿作用明显受地层、构造、岩浆岩等控制。不同类型矿床成矿时代具有各自特征,古石英-卵石砾岩型铀矿床全部形成于太古宙,侵入岩型铀矿床大多形成于元古宙,砂岩型铀矿床形成时代跨度大,从元古宙到新生代均有产出。近十年来非洲新增铀储量27万吨。建议国内企业抓住机遇,以侵入岩型和砂岩型铀矿为投资重点,加强在纳米比亚和尼日尔等铀矿资源国的勘查开发合作。     

Geochemical exploration for unconformity-type uranium deposits in permafrost terrain, Hornby bay basin, Northwest territories, Canada

The Hornby Bay sandstone basin of the Northwest Territories represents one of three areas in Canada in which the geological environment is favourable for the occurrence of unconformity-type uranium deposits. The project area lies within the zone of continuous permafrost and is associated with relatively thin and locally derived tills and abundant outcrops. Topographic relief is normally in the order of 100 m but may locally exceed 300 m/km in more rugged areas.Geochemical case histories for soil and lake-sediment surveys illustrate: identification of regional anomaly, anomaly follow-up, and detailed investigations. Success in locating uranium occurrences using geochemical surveys is high. Orientation studies trace anomalous dispersion trains 10 to 200 m downslope of recognized sources. Anomaly generation is favoured by active hydromorphic processes in geochemically homogeneous overburden containing an average background of 0.5 ppm uranium (using a 4N nitric acid leach). Anomaly contrasts are typically 2 Xto 3 X this value, and anomalous values exceeding 1.5 ppm uranium are highly reproducible.Copper and radium anomalies act as pathfinders for uranium. Lead is present in anomalous concentrations in specimens from the uranium occurrences but lead enrichment in overburden is not sufficiently great to permit its use as a pathfinder element. Preliminary work based on radon and ²¹⁰Po has not led to identification of anomalies other than those recognized by more routine geochemical surveys.Association of geochemical anomalies with faults within the sandstone basin constitutes one of four conditions elevating an area to drill target status. Methods for drill testing of geochemical soil anomalies depend on the relationship between the geochemical anomaly and an identifiable fault zone.     

大庆航放测区可地浸砂岩型铀矿成矿条件分析

可地浸砂岩型铀矿是当今世界铀矿勘探的主攻方向，具有开采成本低、经济效益高的特点。本文运用航放资料结合地质、水文地质等资料较深入研究了大庆航放测区砂岩型铀矿的成矿条件，认为松辽盆地东北部具有十分有利的可地浸砂岩型铀矿成矿条件，铀矿成矿前景良好。海拉尔盆地也具有较好的砂岩型铀矿成矿条件，应予以关注。     

毛塞几比盆地油气成藏条件特征分析

西非毛塞几比盆地(又称塞内加尔盆地)已经成为世界油气勘探的热点区.通过对毛塞几比盆地近5年的油气勘探新发现的综合地质研究,明确了盆地油气成藏条件新特征.认为盆地发育下白垩统阿普特-阿尔布阶和上白垩统赛诺曼-土伦阶2套优质的海相烃源岩;发育下白垩统阿尔布阶陆架边缘三角洲砂岩储层和上白垩统下赛诺曼阶深水浊积砂岩2套有利储层...