Crustal structure of the northern part of the Proterozoic Cuddapah basin of India from deep seismic soundings and gravity data

A crustal depth section was obtained from Deep Seismic Soundings (DSS) along the Alampur-Koniki-Ganapeshwaram profile, cutting across the northern part of the Proterozoic Cuddapah basin, India, running just south of latitude 16° N and between longitude 78° E and 81°E. The existence of a low-angle thrust fault at the eastern margin of the Cuddapah basin (Kaila et al., 1979) was confirmed along a second profile. Another low-angle thrust, along which charnockites with the granitic basement are upthrust against the Dharwars was delineated further east. The contact of the khondalites (lower Precambrian) with quaternary sediments near the east coast of India seems to be a fault boundary, which may be responsible for the thick sedimentary accumulation in the adjoining offshore region.The basement in the western part of the Cuddapah basin is very shallow and is gently downdipping eastward, to a depth of 1.7 km about 20 km west of Atmakur. It attains a depth of about 4.5 km in the deepest part of the Kurnool sub-basin, around Atmakur. Under the Nallamalai ranges its depth varies between 3.5 and 6.5 km, with an easterly dip. In the region north of the Iswarkuppam dome, the basement is at a depth of about 5.0 km, to about 6.8 km in the eastern part of the Cuddapah basin. Outside the eastern margin of the basin, the depth of the basement is about 1.8 km and further eastwards it is exposed. A fault at the contact of the khondalites with quaternary sediments near the east coast brings the basement down to a depth of approximately 1.3 km.In the Kurnool sub-basin the depth to the Moho discontinuity varies from 35 km under Atmakur to 39 km under the Nallamalai hills. In the region of the Iswarkuppam dome it is at a depth of about 36 km, deepening to about 39 km before rising to 37 km towards the east. Two-dimensional velocity modelling using ray-tracing techniques tends to confirm these results.Gravity modelling of the crustal structure, utilizing a four-layer crustal model in most parts along this profile, conforms to the observed gravity values. A weak zone in the eastern part of the profile where high-density material (density 3.05 g/cm³) has been found seems to be responsible for the gravity high in that part.     

Tomographic Imaging of the India-Asia Plate Collisional Tectonics and Mantle Upwelling Beneath Western Tibet

To better understand the lithosphere mantle collision tectonics between the India plate and Asia plate, we determine three dimensional P wave velocity structure beneath western Tibet using 27,439 arrival times from 2,174 teleseismic events recorded by 182 stations of Hi-CLIMB Project and 16 stations in the north of Hi-CLMB. Our tomographic images show the velocity structure significantly difference beneath northern and southern Qiangtang, which can further prove that the Longmu Co-Shuanghu ophiolitic belt is a significant tectonic boundary fault zone. There are two prominent high velocity anomalies and two prominent low velocity anomalies in our images. One obvious high velocity anomalies subduct beneath the Tibet at the long distance near 34°N, whereas it is broke off by an obvious low velocity anomaly under the IYS. We interpret them as northward subducting Indian lithosphere mantle and the low velocity anomanly under IYS likely reflects mantle material upwelling triggered by tearing of the northward subduction Indian lithosphere. The other prominent high velocity anomaly was imaged at a depth from 50 km to 200 km horizontal and up to the northern Qiangtang with its southern edge extending to about 34°N through Hoh Xil block. We infer it as the southward subducting Asia lithosphere mantle. The other widely low velocity anomaly beneath the Qiangtang block lies in the gap between the frontier of India plate and Asia plate, where is the channel of mantle material upwelling.     

POSSIBLE EXTENDING OF BANGONGHU-DINGQING SUTURE AND ITS GEOLOGICAL RELEVATIONS

POSSIBLE EXTENDING OF BANGONGHU-DINGQING SUTURE AND ITS GEOLOGICAL RELEVATIONStheNationalKeyProjectforBasicResearchonTibetanPlateau(G19980 40 80 0 )andtheScientificTechnolo gyEngineeringProjectofCNPC(1995     

Research achievements of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on 60 years of aeromagnetic surveys

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (also referred to as the Plateau) has long received much attention from the community of geoscience due to its unique geographical location and rich mineral resources. This paper reviews the aeromagnetic surveys in the Plateau in the past 60 years and summarizes relevant research achievements, which mainly include the followings. (1) The boundaries between the Plateau and its surrounding regions have been clarified. In detail, its western boundary is restricted by West Kunlun-Altyn Tagh arc-shaped magnetic anomaly zone forming due to the arc-shaped connection of the Altyn Tagh and Kangxiwa faults and its eastern boundary consists of the boundaries among different magnetic fields along the Longnan (Wudu)-Kangding Fault. Meanwhile, the fault on the northern margin of the Northern Qilian Mountains serves as its northern boundary. (2) The Plateau is mainly composed of four orogens that were stitched together, namely East Kunlun-Qilian, Hoh-Xil-Songpan, Chamdo-Southwestern Sanjiang (Nujiang, Lancang, and Jinsha rivers in southeastern China), and Gangdese-Himalaya orogens. (3) The basement of the Plateau is dominated by weakly magnetic Proterozoic metamorphic rocks and lacks strongly magnetic Archean crystalline basement of stable continents such as the Tarim and Sichuan blocks. Therefore, it exhibits the characteristics of unstable orogenic basement. (4) The Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone forming due to continent-continent collisions since the Cenozoic shows double aeromagnetic anomaly zones. Therefore, it can be inferred that the Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone formed from the Indian Plate subducting towards and colliding with the Eurasian Plate twice. (5) A huge negative aeromagnetic anomaly in nearly SN trending has been discovered in the middle part of the Plateau, indicating a giant deep thermal-tectonic zone. (6) A dual-layer magnetic structure has been revealed in the Plateau. It consists of shallow magnetic anomaly zones in nearly EW and NW trending and deep magnetic anomaly zones in nearly SN trending. They overlap vertically and cross horizontally, showing the flyover-type geological structure of the Plateau. (7) A group of NW-trending faults occur in eastern Tibet, which is intersected rather than connected by the nearly EW trending that develop in middle-west Tibet. (8) As for the central uplift zone that occurs through the Qiangtang Basin, its metamorphic basement tends to gradually descend from west to east, showing the form of steps. The Qiangtang Basin is divided into the northern and southern part by the central uplift zone in it. The basement in the Qiangtang Basin is deep in the north and west and shallow in the south and west. The basement in the northern Qiangtang Basin is deep and relatively stable and thus is more favorable for the generation and preservation of oil and gas. Up to now, 19 favorable tectonic regions of oil and gas have been determined in the Qiangtang Basin. (9) A total of 21 prospecting areas of mineral resources have been delineated and thousands of ore-bearing (or mineralization) anomalies have been discovered. Additionally, the formation and uplift mechanism of the Plateau are briefly discussed in this paper.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.     

青藏高原羌塘盆地重磁剖面异常与基底构造特征

以穿越羌塘盆地的实测重磁剖面数据为基础,密切结合平面重磁异常资料,通过对重磁异常特征进行分析,采用位场转换和正反演拟合计算方法,推断了羌塘盆地的基底埋深、断裂构造及盆地样式,并对盆地的油气远景进行了探讨。认为南羌塘基底埋深浅,呈台阶状,且构造复杂,北羌塘埋深深,其间的龙木错-双湖构造带有明显的重磁异常显示。     

Structural Characteristics of the Basement beneath Qiangtang Basin in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Results of Interaction Interpretation from Seismic Reflection/Refraction Data

The studies on configuration, character/property of the basement of Qiangtang basin is helpful for evaluating petroleum and nature gas resources as well as understanding the basin evolvement. Recently a moderate to high-grade metamorphic gneiss rock was found underlying beneath very low metamorphic Ordovician strata in Mayer Kangri to the north of the central uplift. That fact actually proved existence of the crystalline basement just the distribution and structures of pre-Paleozoic crystalline basement still remain puzzle. In recent years a number of active sources deep seismic profiling, to aim at lithospheric structure of northern Tibet and petroleum resources of the Qiangtang basin, had been conducted that make it possible to image the structure of the basement of the Qiangtang. Near vertical reflection profiles, included those acquired previously and those during 2004 to 2008, have been utilized in this study. By through the interaction process and interpretation between the reflection profiles and the wide-angle profile, a model with the detailed structure and velocity distribution from surface to the depth of 20 km of Qiangtang basin has been imaged.Based on the results and discussions of this study, the preliminary conclusions are as follows: (1) The velocity structure section (~20 km) that is interactively constrained by the refraction and reflection seismic data reveals that the sedimentary stratum gently lie until 10 km in the south Qiangtang basin. (2) The basement consists of fold basement (the upper) and crystalline basement (the lower).The fold basement buried at the average depth of 6 km with a velocity of 5.2–5.8 km/s. The shallowest appear at range of the central uplift. The crystalline basement is underlying beneath the fold basement at the average depth of 10 km with a velocity of 5.9–6.0 km/s except near Bangong-Nujiang suture. (3) The high-velocity body at the depth range of 3–6 km of the central uplift is considered as a fragment of the crystalline basement that perhaps was raised by Thermal or deformation. (4) The lower-consolidated fold basement show more affinity of Yangtze block but the crystalline basement seems more approximate to Lhasa terrene in geophysical nature. We have attempted to improve the resolution and reliability by interaction of the active seismic data and prove it effective to image complex basement structure. It will be a potential to process the piggy-back acquisition data and has wide prospects.     

鄂尔多斯地块基底研究新的思考与认识

鄂尔多斯地块基底岩芯岩石组合、花岗片麻岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素和全岩Nd同位素组成以及航磁异常和地壳速度结构特征表明,该地块中部沿大同-华池基底断裂带存在一航磁异常梯度带,沿该带南缘发育一条2.2～2.0Ga古元古代弧岩浆活动带,并经历了1.96～1.85Ga的变质作用改造,与东缘中部带古元古代中晚期构造演化过...     

Gravity and magnetic surveys and interpretation in the northern part of the K-G basin

The gravity and magnetic data along three profiles across the northern part of the K-G basin have been collected and the data is interpreted for basement depths. The first profile is taken from Gadarada to Yanam covering a distance of 60 km and the second starts from Zangareddiguddem to Samathkur covering a distance of 110 km and the third is from Kotturu to Biyyapuppa covering a distance of 100 km. The gravity lows and highs have clearly indicated various sub-basins and ridges. The density logs from ONGC, Chennai, show that the density contrast decreases with depth in the sedimentary basin, and hence, the gravity profiles are interpreted using variable density contrast with depth. From the Bouguer gravity anomaly, the residual anomaly is constructed by graphical method correlating with well data, sub-surface geology and seismic information. The residual anomaly profiles are interpreted using polygon model. The maximum depths to the khondalitic basement are obtained as 5.61km, 6.46 km and 7.45 km for the first, second and third profiles respectively. The regional anomaly is interpreted as Moho rise towards coast. The aeromagnetic anomaly profiles are also interpreted for charnockite basement below the khondalitic group of rocks using prismatic models.     

Potential field constraints on the deep structure of the Lugo gneiss dome (NW Spain)

The Lugo gneiss dome, in the NW Iberian Massif (Spain) is a Variscan structure developed during late stages of orogenic collapse. Crustal extension was mainly accomplished by two kilometre-scale conjugate extensional shear zones and by the late development of the dome and a huge normal fault. These structures overprint previous contractional recumbent folds and a thrust fault. The Lugo dome and its southward continuation, the Sanabria dome, are the site of the conspicuous Eastern Galicia Magnetic Anomaly (EGMA), a N–S band, 50 km wide and 190 km long, with a maximum amplitude of 190 nT. Integrated potential field modelling of the EGMA and its corresponding gravity signature have been carried out aided by constraints provided by the measurement of c. 900 magnetic susceptibilities and by previous geophysical data, mainly seismic refraction and reflection profiles. Results suggest that a large volume of low-density migmatites and associated inhomogeneous granites are the main source of the magnetic anomaly. Small massifs of basic and ultrabasic rocks inside the migmatites and high-susceptibility iron ore bodies sparsely distributed in low-grade Middle Ordovician slates are also thought to contribute to the anomaly but to a minor extent. Although otherwise similar to other gneiss domes, the Lugo dome is accompanied by a striking magnetic anomaly whose origin is discussed in terms of the tectonic evolution of this structure and the provenance of the magnetite-bearing migmatites and inhomogeneous granites that core it.     

Stress analysis and tectonic trends of southern Sinai Peninsula, using potential field data analysis and anisotropy technique

The aim of the present work is to evaluate the stress direction and the tectonic trends of the study area using magnetic anisotropy and potential field data interpretations (Bouguer and aeromagnetic). The specific objective of the gravity and aeromagnetic interpretation is to establish the trend and depth of the structural configuration of the basement rocks. Horizontal gradient techniques could to delineate directions of deep sources and enabled tracing several faults, lineaments and tectonic boundaries of basement rocks. The trend analysis shows N40°?C50°W, N10°?C20°W and N10°?C20°E which may be related to the Gulf of Suez, Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba stresses. However, Euler Deconvolution technique was applied using the aeromagnetic data to provide reliable information about penetrated source depth (100 m and ??10.0 km) and trends of the subsurface sources (principally in NW and NE directions). Moreover, representative 72 oriented rock samples have been collected from seven sites in the study area. The rock magnetic properties and magnetic anisotropy analysis have been determined for all the studied samples. The interpretation clearly defined magnetic lineation at all sites and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) parameters. The stress direction of the studied area has been evaluated using magnetic anisotropy and geophysical analysis. Generally the estimated geophysical data analysis (Bouguer and aeromagnetic) are well consistent with the AMS interpretations of this study. The results indicated that the directions of predominant faults and foliations are NW-SE (related to the Gulf of Suez and Red Sea rifting) which indicate that the main stress and tectonic trend is NE-SW, which is more predominant in southern Sinai region. Moreover, it is clear that, the studied area was affected also by less predominant sources trended in NE-SW direction, which related to the tectonic activity of Gulf of Aqaba. The least predominant is north 40°?C50° east that is probably due to the Syrian Arc system. Finally, our results are extremely coincided with the previous stress directions derived from geological, seismological and tectonic analysis in northern Red Sea rift, Gulf of Suez and Sinai regions.     

Flexural modeling of the neoproterozoic Araguaia belt,central Brazil

Flexural modeling of bending of the southern and southeastern borders of the Amazon lithospheric plate under the western border of the Goiás Massif and western Parnaı́ba basin was constrained by 1070 gravity stations between 5°–14°S and 46°–52.5°W. Topography and aeromagnetic data were also used to estimate the loads of the Araguaia thrust belt. A sequence of Bouguer gravity anomaly lows (−80 to −40 mGal) is located over the Araguaia thrust belt and Cenozoic sediments of the Ilha do Bananal basin. Bouguer anomalies over the Amazon craton, to the west of the thrust belt, are higher than −20 mGal. Towards the east, over the Goiás Massif, the São Francisco craton and the Paleozoic to Mesozoic Parnaı́ba basin, anomalies range from −70 to −20 mGal. Comparison between topography and gravity along profiles perpendicular to the cratonic borders and across the Araguaia thrust belt shows that the long-wavelength gravity anomalies are best explained by bending of the Amazon plate caused by loads such as the observed topography, the thrust-sheets of the Araguaia belt and the remnants of ancient island-arc system in the Goiás massif. The thickness of the Araguaia thrust belt together with the Cenozoic sediments was estimated using aeromagnetic data and it ranges from 6 to 8 km. This load was used to calculate the minimum effective elastic thickness T_e for the Amazon plate. T_e=80 km was estimated by comparing the observed Bouguer anomalies with the gravity anomalies caused by bending of the crust-mantle interface of a broken elastic plate model. These results support the proposition that the Araguaia belt formed during the collision and suture of the Amazon and the São Francisco lithospheric plates, in late Proterozoic times.     

Application of the non-seismic geophysical method in the deep geological structure study of Benxi-Huanren area

Based upon 1:200,000 regional gravity and aeromagnetic data, gravity and aeromagnetic slice maps were obtained through fast Fourier transformation (FFT) upward continuation. A comparison between gravity and aeromagnetic slice maps at different depths combined with regional geological data and Magneto-Telluric sounding reveals the deep geological structure of Benxi-Huanren area and provides important information for study of the deep geological evolution process of Benxi-Huanren area. Yanshanian granitic pluton is widely distributed in this area and tends to be continuous toward depth. Significant metallogenic areas, such as Dataigou and Nanfen areas, lie above the buried granitic pluton. The Paleoproterozoic strata distribution area and the Archean strata distribution area have similar characteristics in terms of gravity anomaly. The iron-bearing formation in Anshan area is Archean supracrustal rock which was not engulfed by Archean granite. The thickness of Liaoji paleo-rift can be up to 10 km, whose lower part was intruded by Yanshanian granites. The basement of the Liaoji rift was remelted during granite intrusion in Yanshanian period.     

Crustal thermal regime of Ikogosi warm spring, Nigeria inferred from aeromagnetic data

Spectral analysis method was applied to aeromagnetic data obtained for Ikogosi warm spring (IWS) area of southwestern Nigeria. This was done with the objective of determining the bottom of the magnetized crust called Curie point depth (CDP) and understand the nature and extent of the local geothermal system at depth beneath IWS. The depth to the centroid, Z _o, of the deepest distribution of the magnetic dipoles was obtained by computing least-squares fit to the lowest-frequency segment of the azimuthally averaged log power spectrum. The average depth to the top of the deepest crustal block was computed as the depth to the top, Z _t, of the second lowest-frequency segment of the spectrum. The depth to the bottom of the deepest magnetic dipoles, the inferred Curie point depth, was then calculated from Z _b?=?2Z _o???Z _t. The Curie depth estimates for IWS range between 4.68 and 11.38 km (below sea level). We also estimate the heat flow and Curie temperature using a one-dimensional conductive heat transport model. The average heat flow, 42 mW m^?2, and geothermal gradient, 32°C/km, obtained suggest a low enthalpy thermal regime. The Curie temperature for the region varies between 153°C and 350°C. Also, an inverse linear relationship between heat flow and Curie depths was determined. Good agreement between the Curie point depths derived from heat flow data and magnetic data suggests that the Curie point depth analysis is useful to estimate the regional thermal structure and the tectonic settings.     

Model of the MAGSAT magnetic anomaly field over Europe using spherical cap harmonic analysis

Based on the MAGSAT magnetic anomaly fields over Europe and the adjacent areas spherical cap models have been derived. The method of spherical cap harmonic analysis, due to Haines (1985), has been applied for the modelling of the MAGSAT magnetic anomalies. The data set used in the analysis included the 1 ° × 1 ° gridded values of the MAGSAT anomaly fields between latitudes ϑ = 6 ° to 60 °N and longitudes λ = 19 °W to 70 °E. The pole of the cap is at ϑ = 33 °N and λ = 26 °E and its half-angle is 40 ° . The maximum index (K_m) of the model is 18 and the total number of model coefficients is 361. A minimum wavelength corresponding to this index at the Earth's surface is ~ 1000 km. The RMS deviations between the calculated and observed values are ~ 4 nT for δX, ~ 3 nT for ΔY and 3,5 nT for ΔZ respectively. The spherical cap harmonic model was used for the construction of magnetic anomaly maps for all components and at different altitudes.     

藏北羌塘地区的地壳电性结构及其意义

羌塘地区地壳的电性层可分为上、中、下 3层。中电性层为一连续的低阻层 ,厚度平均 2 0km左右。上、下电性层块断作用强烈 ,而中电性层韧性好 ,表现为褶皱弯曲。如果上层高阻高密体发育 ,则中层顶界面埋深增大 ;如果下层高阻层发育 ,则中层的顶界面抬升。中电性层在北羌塘平缓 ,厚度均匀 ;而在南羌塘此层连续性较差 ,埋藏深。壳幔层对下地壳与中地壳的增厚起制约作用 ,而中地壳对上地壳的增厚起调节作用 ,不同规模的断裂又是各层增厚不可缺的条件。     

Geophysical prospecting of copper-nickel deposits in Beishan rift zone,Xinjiang

The Beishan rift zone in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was formed due to strong activities of faults on the basement of the Tarim continental crust. Despite the fact that many geological research results of the rift zone have been achieved, only a few studies have been conducted on its regional geophysical characteristics. In this paper, the gravity and magnetic anomalies of the rift zone were highlighted through specific data processing of 1:50000 high-precision aeromagnetic data and gravity data with a grid spacing of 2 km × 2 km. Based on this, the geophysical evidence for the scope and internal structures of the Beishan rift zone was obtained for the first time. The distinct characteristics of magnetic and gravity fields in the areas to the north and south of the Beishan rift zone reveal that deep faults exist between the Beishan rift zone and the geological units on the southern and northern sides. Furthermore, the faults on the two areas contain the bidirectional thrusts and have flower-shaped structures according to the characteristics of the magnetic and gravity fields. The Beishan rift zone can be divided into two tectonomagmatic zones, namely the Zhongposhan-Bijiashan-Cihai-Baishanliang zone (the northern zone) and the Bayiquan-Qixin-Baishan zone (the southern zone). The northern zone can be further subdivided into three comet-shaped anomaly groups (tectonomagmatic areas), while the southern zone can be further subdivided into two tectonomagmatic areas. According to the characteristics of aeromagnetic anomalies and gravity field, 19 mafic-ultramafic complexes were delineated. The known Pobei, Hongshishan, and Qixin complexes are all located within the inferred complexes, with estimates of total explored resources of Ni, Cu, and Au of 3×10⁶ t, 10×10³ t and 10 t, respectively. The prospecting of high-grade copper-nickel deposits should focus on the periphery and deep parts of the known and inferred mafic-ultramafic complexes. Among them, the peripheral strata of the complexes specifically have great prospecting potential of large-scale high-grade copper-nickel deposits of magma injection type. Finally, this paper analyzed the application effects of the rapid airborne-ground-drilling synergetic exploration method in the prospecting of copper-nickel deposits in Qixin, Beishan, Xinjiang, which will provide references for further exploration of copper-nickel deposits in Beishan area, Xinjiang.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.     

中国北部古元古代地壳尺度的伸展拆离和硅铝壳内活动带:北东向线性航磁异常的地质构造解释

早前寒武纪地质构造和分辨率大于120km的长波航磁异常特征表明:塔南—华北—朝鲜北部(狼林地块)具有类似的太古宙结晶基底,它们可能曾经是太古宙统一克拉通的组成部分。20~120km分辨率的中波航磁异常凸现一组北东东—北北东走向、改造太古宙高级变质结晶基底的线性航磁异常,它们分别对应于地壳尺度的长寿断裂。古元古代阶段沿着它们发生了大规模的左行韧性伸展剪切运动,在使塔南、朝鲜北部陆块分别向南西和北东伸展拆离的同时,华北克拉通内部也出现了有限的裂解,并伴随着硅铝壳内活动带的发育。本文将这些古元古代阶段韧性伸展剪切带划分为塔南与华北陆块之间的西部剪切带系统、华北与狼林陆块之间的东部剪切带系统和华北陆块内部的青龙—太行山—中条山等3个独立的剪切带系统。西部韧性剪切系统由阿尔金、大同—环县、以及它们之间的狼山—吉兰泰、雅布赖山等次级剪切带组成,控制古元古代阿拉善群和上集宁群的孔兹岩系为代表的硅铝壳内活动带的沉积—构造演化。东部韧性剪切系统包括沂水和新宾—桦甸等韧性剪切带,相关的古元古代活动带以胶东地区的粉子山群、荆山群和辽吉地区的辽河群为代表。中部韧性剪切带系统以太行山地区阜平群、赞皇群中出现的角闪岩相糜棱片麻岩、眼球状糜棱岩带为代表,发育b-型线理,指示近水平或低角度斜滑性质的左行韧性剪切,相关的古元古代活动带包括双山子—青龙河、五台—滹沱、甘陶河—东焦、吕梁、中条以及济宁等。不同规模的古元古代活动带彼此并不相连,以发育变质沉积—火山岩建造为主体,岩石磁化率明显低于太古宙高级变质结晶基底,与之相关的韧性剪切带则以其透入性矿物线理产生了增强的磁化率各向异性,两者共同构建了地壳尺度北东东—北北东向线性航磁异常带。古元古代末的中条运动使上述硅铝壳内活动带褶皱回返,塔南—华北—朝鲜北部陆块重新焊接,形成近纬向展布逐渐稳定的中轴大陆克拉通,上述地壳尺度的韧性伸展剪切带在中元古代以后的地质历史中,大多被后期不同性质的脆性断裂所追踪。     

论羌塘地块结构的不均一性和深部信息

根据藏北羌塘地区最新地质、地球物理资料(以MT为主)综合分析，对比西部和东部综合剖面各单元结构特征，发现羌塘地块结构不均一性特征明显。西部隆起区结构独特，浅中部与深部结构有别，存在一南倾低阻异常带。西中部剖面南羌塘坳陷与西部隆起区深部结构相似，壳内低阻层呈双层。其他地段和东部剖面均呈中隆两坳格局，壳内低阻层仅一层。中部隆起带的深部总是对应一直立极低阻异常带。北羌塘坳陷低阻凹陷规模大，基底埋深大，横向分块明显，北中段热力改造较强，深部存在l～2个极低阻异常区带。总体上表现为南北分区带、东西分块段、垂向分圈层，MT显示壳内低阻层顶界面深度不一，横向变化大，低阻层呈①直切式：从深50～60km处呈柱状直接切断两侧高阻体，升达地面；②蘑菇云状：从深100km处呈宽约50km的蘑菇云状升入到地下10km；③上下叠置三明治式：以双层低阻层或多层高阻体上下叠置呈三明治式结构。南部基底电阻率显著高于北部，基底构造分三块：西南部、中东部和东部。这种结构不均一既有其深部构造作用控制，可能存在热异常柱，又有后期改造作用的叠加。     

塔里木克拉通基底古隆起构造-热事件及其结构与演化

通过盆地内部锆石U-Pb测年分析表明,塔里木克拉通基底存在2950～ 3100Ma、2100 ～ 2400Ma、1900～2000Ma、1300～1600Ma、900 ～ 950Ma、700～800Ma、540 ～ 560Ma、400～ 500Ma和270～290Ma等9期构造-热事件.中央航磁异常带井下花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄测定发现1908.2±8.6Ma前寒武纪基底,表明盆地内部可能存在古元古代构造-热事件形成的古老花岗岩基底.结合新的地质与地球物理资料综合分析,塔里木盆地前寒武纪具有不同年代、不同类型的基底结构,北部为中-新元古代中浅变质岩基底、中部为古元古代花岗岩基底、南部为新元古代早-中期岩浆岩与变质岩基底、东南部为遭受早志留纪区域变质改造的变质岩基底.井震结合发现塔里木盆地寒武系/前寒武系发育广泛分布的大型不整合,形成塔北与塔南两大前寒武纪基底古隆起,可能与550Ma“泛非运动”相关.塔里木盆地基底古隆起主要经历5期演化,古元古代中期形成克拉通化基底,新元古代早期形成统一的变质结晶基底,寒武纪沉积前两大基底古隆起形成,加里东晚期五大基底古隆起基本定型,海西期以来发生局部调整改造.     

青藏高原羌塘中部冈玛日—菊花山地区大型逆冲推覆构造的基本特征及形成机制

青藏高原羌塘中部冈玛日地区发现冈玛日-菊花山大型新生代逆冲推覆构造,延伸长度超过200km,总体走向近东西,构成新生代戈木错盆地的北部主干边界。推覆构造在冈玛日一带出露最好,表现为一系列单冲型逆冲断层构成的叠瓦状构造,逆冲断面倾向北,倾角12～20°,逆冲方向190～200°。冈玛日-菊花山逆冲推覆构造的发现,对探讨高原隆升在羌塘地区的表现形式具有重要的科学意义,为探讨新生代戈木错盆地的演化和盆地油气资源远景评价提供了新的构造依据。