Municipal solid waste landfill site selection for the city of Şanliurfa-Turkey: an example using MCDA integrated with GIS

A municipal solid waste (MSW) management system needs solid waste management (SWM) techniques where the presence of a sanitary landfill is vital. One of the most important issues of sanitary landfilling is to locate the facility to an optimal location. Despite the versatility and case-dependent nature of conventional expert-based site selection procedures, the number of sites to be chosen increases with increased population forcing a number of constraints. Consequently, constraints and environmental regulations mechanically mask unsuitable areas, leaving very little areas to be assessed. This turns the situation into a challenging issue for a geographical information system (GIS) used with multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), to select optimal site.

The study aims to apply MCDA integrated with GIS to select possible sites of a MSW landfill with the same expert and same cognitive parameters while compared with the already present one. Results of this study revealed that conventional expert-based methods could not always evaluate all constraints at the same time and map reproduction is limited when parameter maps are changing rapidly in time. In order to produce cognitive and reproducible analyses, GIS with MCDA integration offers a good solution for site selection issue and forms a good alternative for conventional methods.     

Site Suitability Analysis for Urban Development Using GIS Based Multicriteria Evaluation Technique

Identification of suitable site for urban development in hilly areas is one of the critical issues of planning. Site suitability analysis has become inevitable for delineating appropriate site for various developmental initiatives, especially in the undulating terrain of the hills. The study illustrates the use of geographic information system (GIS) and multicriteria evaluation (MCE) technique for selection of suitable sites for urban development in Mussoorie municipal area, Dehradun district, Uttarakhand. For this purpose Toposheet and IKONOS satellite data were used to generate various thematic layers using ArcGIS software. Criteria using five parameters, i.e. slope, road proximity, land use/land cover, land values and geological formation were used for site suitability analysis following land evaluation. The generated thematic maps of these criteria were standardized using pairwise comparison matrix known as analytical hierarchy process (AHP). A weight for each criterion was generated by comparing them with each other according to their importance. With the help of these weights and criteria, final site suitability map was prepared.     

Selection of suitable sites for water harvesting structures in Soankhad watershed,Punjab using remote sensing and geographical information system (RS&;GIS) approach— A case study

A case study has been conducted to identify suitable sites for water harvesting structures in Soankhad watershed, Punjab using information technologies such as Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (RS-GIS). The IRS-1C, P6 satellite imagery of the Soankhad watershed was used. The various Thematic maps such as land use map, hydrological soil group map, slope map and DEM map were prepared for selecting suitable site for construction of water harvesting structures. The suitable sites were not found for nala bunding and farm ponds due to steep slope, less soil thickness and high runoff velocity. Fourteen check dams and six percolation tanks were proposed for the construction as per Integrated Mission for Sustainable Development (IMSD) guidelines. The water balance study of the Soankhad watershed was also computed with monthly mean temperature and rainfall data using TM model. The average runoff for the wet season (July–September) 1996 was computed to be about 1543.82 mm and the total runoff volume from the Soankhad watershed was estimated to be about 143.52 Mm³.     

无人机摄影测量技术应用于垃圾填埋场形变监测及库容储量分析

快速监测垃圾填埋场固体物质的体积空间变化及准确评估有效库容,可为城市管理者科学决策和合理安排社会资源提供重要依据。无人机摄影测量技术具有机动灵活、数据获取快捷且精度高等优点,在众多领域都有较为广泛的应用。本文以成都市长安垃圾填埋场为例,利用低空无人机摄影测量技术获取填埋库区连续一年的影像数据,并对多期模型数据进行差分处理,分析填埋库区各区域的体积变化量及形变特征;建立库容储量预测模型,研究库容量的变化值与入场物质量的关系,对填埋库区的实际可容纳入场固体物质量进行预测。     

Identification of rainwater harvesting sites using SCS-CN methodology,remote sensing and Geographical Information System techniques

This study presents a method to identify potential sites for soil and water conservation techniques for the demarcation of suitable sites for artificial recharge of groundwater aquifers, in the study area. The run-off derived by the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number method is a function of run-off potential which can be expressed in terms of run-off coefficient. The augmentation of water resource is proposed by the construction of rainwater harvesting structures like check dam, percolation pond, farm pond and gully check dam. The site suitability for different water harvesting structures is determined by considering spatially varying parameters like slope, infiltration, run-off potential, landuse/land cover, stream order, soil texture, land capability class, hydrological soil group and micro-watershed area. The determined suitable site has been validated with existing recharge structures of the study area. Accuracy assessment of the suitable sites for recharge structures potential maps of the Bindra watershed is 82.60%.     

Brackish water aquaculture site selection in coastal track of cannanore (Kerala) using remote sensing and GIS techniques

Aquaculture has emerged as one of the fast growing industries in the developing countries both for domestic consumption as well as for the export. This industry not only generates foreign exchange to the country but also provides employment opportunities to the skilled and unskilled rural poor. On the other hand, aquaculture has also some negative impacts on the environment which are mainly due to conversion of mangroves and agricultural, salination of surface water resources and agricultural land at some places besides causing pollution and diseases. All the major shrimp farming countries of the world have faced environmental problem due to intensification, improper and uncontrolled planning by greed and unlimited profit motives of a section of aquaculture community. In view of this, a proper environmental management is a basic need to sustain the industry in the long run. Selection of a suitable site in the coastal areas is the first and the foremost step which is a crucial factor in determining the success of shrimp farming. The present paper discusses the selection of brackish water aquaculture sites using remote sensing satellite data and GIS on the Cannanore coast. Different aquaculture sites in the area were evaluated using a GIS package. Finally a prioritization map showing the sites in the descending order of their priority was generated.     

Runoff estimation and potential recharge site delineation using analytic hierarchy process

One of the prime global issues in the field of hydrological science is water scarcity and its degrading quality. In this paper, geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing techniques are applied over a study of granite watershed area of ～200 km² with semi-arid climatic conditions for estimating surface runoff using a modified soil conservation service curve number method and subsequent site selection for water harvesting structures such as check dams and percolation ponds to enhance recharge of groundwater. Further, some of the sites selected for appropriate construction of recharge structures through analytic hierarchy process were investigated for site efficacy. All the recharge sites selected were found feasible and appropriately suitable. This study demonstrates the capability of GIS and its application for the construction of water harvesting structures over semi-arid areas.     

Ecotourism planning using multiple criteria evaluation with GIS

Hong Kong as an international metropolis is well known for its vibrant urban life, which attracts millions of mass conventional tourists for shopping and business. Recently, ecotourism has flourished and attracts ecotourists who visit the ecological and cultural resources of the rural landscape, country parks and marine parks. Yan Chau Tong, also known as ‘Double Haven’, is remote from the urban centre, which helps preserve its natural flavour and cultural heritages such as Hakka walled villages. It is noted as an important site for developing ecotourist activities. A symbiosis of humans and nature cannot be achieved without a sound planning and zoning scheme. This paper investigates the use of IKONOS imagery and a geographic information system for rational planning of ecotourist activities and conservation measures. Through image classification of IKONOS and integrated with ecological data, essential habitats can be mapped and a spatial database is established. Suitable sites for recreational activities (including camping, heritage visiting, hiking and snorkelling) and important ecological habitats can both be identified using multiple criteria evaluation techniques. The use of a multiple objective land allocation model helps resolve conflict between recreation and conservation. Sites are generally identified as (a) those where conservation or recreation should receive the highest priority; (b) those that can be treated as additional recreation or conservation sites; and (c) conflict areas that can serve both purposes. The result can assist in planning land resources for ecotourism to satisfy both objectives and attain sustainability in the area.     

Assessment of a spatial multi-criteria evaluation to site selection underground dams in the Alborz Province,Iran

Most part of Iran is arid and semi-arid; thus in most parts of the region, groundwater is the only source of water. This research presents a method based on a spatial multi-criterion evaluation (SMCE) for designing possible sites of underground dams and ranks them according to their suitability. The method was tested for siting underground dams in the Alborz Province, Iran. At first, screening algorithm was applied using exclusionary criteria, and thirty-one potential areas were recognized in the study area. In the next step, a suitable gorge or valley was recognized using the combination of basic maps and extensive field surveys (long axis of tank level) in each potential area. Subsequently, the analytical hierarchy process was used as a powerful tool for decision-making in the SMCE in order to evaluate different criteria for underground dam sites. SMCE techniques were then applied to combine the criteria, and obtain a suitability map in the study area. These sites were then compared and ranked according to their main criteria such as water, storage, axis and socio-economics. All these criteria were assessed through geographical information system modelling. This method shows passable results and could be used for site selection of underground dams in other regions of Iran.     

Forest site quality assessment by aerial photo-interpretation case study of sal forests

93 black & white panchromatic aerial photographs of 1972 on 1:20,000 scale were used for assessing the site quality of Sal forest of part of West Dehradun Forest Division, by both direct and indirect methods. The forests were stratified into 5 height and 5 density classes and according to species composition. For necessary data for the assessment of growing stock, field measurements were made on 54 sample plots of 0.1 hectare each. This provided direct indication of actual productive capacity of a particular site. According to indirect method, ground vegetation was sampled in 54 quadrats of 5m x 5m each and has been classified into statistically sound vegetation groupings by normal association analysis technique. These groups facilitated the standardisation of their photo perameters. The indicator value of the plants in a grouping was used to assess the suitability of the site. This was substantiated by super-imposing growing stock, present at that site. By combination of the direct and indirect methods, sites have been classified into 3 categories i.e., suitable, conditionally suitable and unsuitable. Suggestions have been made for management of conditionally suitable sites and the cause for unsuitability of sites are explored. Hence, interpretation of qualitative attributes of vegetation alongwith the measurements of quantitative parameters on aerial photographs have proved to be useful for site quality assessment.     

GIS-based geomorphological mapping using remote sensing data and supplementary geoinformation: A case study of the Dhaka city area,Bangladesh

This study aims to prepare a detailed GIS-based geomorphological map accompanied with landfill sites of Dhaka city area which can be used for multipurpose functionality. Attainment of the geomorphological map is based upon interpretation of the oldest available aerial photographs (1:40,000) and contemporary topographic maps (1:8000) which reflect almost pre-urban ground of Dhaka. Randomly distributed 160 boreholes have been used to prepare representative soil profiles (RSP) to identify the near-surface lithology of the geomorphological units. The study reveals that 13 out of 18 low-lying geomorphic units, comprising 65% of the total area demand landfill practices for urban development. Landfill sites have been merged with urban growth on each low-lying geomorphic unit using a spatially enhanced fused image of IRS-1D PAN and ETM+ bands 5, 4 and 3, acquired February 2000 and 2002, respectively. We found that 43% area of the total low-lying geomorphic units experience fill practices so far. The fill sites have been differentiated into four classes based on their relative thickness. Integration of fill classes with geomorphological map shows the urban dynamics of Dhaka city area till 2002. Due to GIS integration, this map can be rapidly updated to demonstrate temporal modifications in urban ground. It can be used effectively in different geomorphological hazard mapping and urban land-use practices.     

Evaluation of Land Suitability for Urban Land‐Use Planning: Case Study Dhaka City

The aim of this research is evaluation of land suitability for urban land‐use planning. Four factors and fourteen criteria were selected for suitability analysis and land‐use planning. Factors and criteria were defined based on literature survey, experts’ opinions, local contexts and availability of data. GIS‐based Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used as a Multi‐criteria Decision Making model. The study was conducted on a selected area of Dhaka city, which is one of the fastest growing mega‐cities of the world. The research result shows that highly suitable area (13%) should be used for urban residential zone; moderately suitable area (35%) should be designated as mixed use zone; low suitable area (42%) should be reserved for agricultural use and open spaces; and not suitable area (10%) should be protected from any types of activities except agriculture. The research approached an urban land‐use planning at a regional scale.     

A site selection method of DNS using the particle swarm optimization algorithm

The Domain Name System (DNS) is an essential component of the functionality of the Internet. With the growing number of domain names and Internet users, the growing rate and number of visit quantity and analytic capacity of DNS are also proportional to the Internet users' size. This study (based on the analysis of access popularity and the distribution of massive DNS log data) aims to optimize the configuration of the DNS sites, which has become an important problem. The ArcGIS software is used to show the temporal and spatial distributions of visit source of DNS logs. This study also analyzes the influence of different sites and the dependence on DNS service in different regions of the world. This information is important to further decision‐making on new DNS site selection. This article proposes new DNS site selection solutions, using particle swarm and multi‐objective particle swarm optimization algorithms for one new site and multiple sites, respectively. The results from particle swarm optimization, genetic, and simulated annealing algorithms were compared and experimental results confirmed the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed methods. The proposed methods could also be extended to solve other layout related issues, such as onsite facility layout and road network optimization.     

基于栅格尺度的土地利用适宜性评价研究

土地利用适宜性对于土地利用规划和管理具有重要的现实意义。本文基于栅格数据,以黑龙江省嫩江县为研究区,利用在高程、坡度、坡向方面的分布特征,采用层次分析法确定指标权重,通过模糊综合评价法对已确定权值的指标进行综合评价。研究结果表明,研究区土地利用主要分为宜农区和宜林区,宜农区中中度宜农区所占比例最大,宜林区中中度宜林区所占比例最大,研究区土地利用适宜性分布具有明显的空间特征。     

Spatially integrated approach for terrain modelling and analysis for mobile communication applications

In recent years in India, deregulation has opened the telecommunications market up to new arenas putting pressure on existing organizations to become more efficient. New technologies such as fibre optic cables, efficient terrestrial broadcasting and satellites are offering greatly increased bandwidth. However, the ever-increasing demand to provide low-cost and large area coverage with high reception quality has forced these industries to explore advanced optimization strategies for their network planning. The telecommunications companies have begun to recognize that many of their work practices have spatial elements and data can be used more efficiently. In the present study, a planning strategy for establishing a network of towers for the purpose of mobile communications using remote sensing and raster GIS is demonstrated. In particular, this study addresses how to develop a surface model using IRS-1C PAN stereo pair. This information derived from the satellite data was integrated with raster GIS GRID modelling. The study clearly demonstrates that the IRS data could be utilized for planning a suitable network of towers for telecom applications.     

基于千米格网的区域城市土地开发适宜性评价

本文选择黑龙江省哈大齐地区(哈尔滨-大庆-齐齐哈尔)为研究案例,在区域尺度上基于千米地理格网进行了城市土地开发适宜性的评价。在明确评价指标选取原则的基础上,结合研究区实际,从自然适宜性、生态重要性、开发潜力性和政策调控性4个方面建立了区域城市土地开发适宜性评价方法体系,并采用主成分分析法进行了适宜性评价。结果表明,哈尔滨、大庆和齐齐哈尔城市核心和周边地区为最适宜或适宜开发区,面积占4.67%,该结论可直接为区域规划和主体功能区规划提供空间决策参考。     

Hydrogeomorphological mapping in ground water exploration using remotely sensed data — a case study in keonjhar district, orissa

Identification of fractures/lineaments and hydrogeomorphic units is prerequisite for undertaking ground water exploration and development in any terrain. Use of satellite remote sensing techniques coupled with aerial photo-interpretation greatly aid in planning ground water exploration, and pin pointing well sites In this study, airborne and space borne data was used for qualitative evaluation of ground water resources and a critical appraisal of such study in combination with hydrogeological and hydrogeophysical techniques for ground water exploration and development in Keonjhar district of Orissa. The study area has been divided into various geomorphic units based on visual interpretation of Landsat (TM) false colour composite on. 1:2,50,000 scale and the ground water potential of each of the units is qualitatively assessed. Digital image processing techniques such as principal component analysis and brightness index were used for generating classified outputs. The features like valley fills, pediments ete appeared clearly on the classified image. Directional filtering brought out minor fractures/lineaments crisply. The study has revealed the significance of different hydrogeomorptuc units and lineaments in Controlling ground water potential of the area. The findings were corroborated by resalts of drilling and resistivity soundings.     

Application of remote sensing in the study of geoenvironmental aspects of rajghat dam project

This study was conducted on the Rajghat dam project situated in Lalitpur district of Uttar Pradesh, India, the remote sensing techniques have been proved to be very efficient in identification of geoenvironmental aspects of the study area. In the present paper IRS IA LISS II data has been used. The various thematic maps have been generated and integrated on 1,50,000 scale. Geology, geomorphology, Hydro-geomorphotogy, structure, soils and erosion, landuse / landcover helped in identification of the potential zones for developmental planning and forecasting limitations to their implementation with seasonal accuracy. Lineaments and their intersections appear to be potential sites for groundwater. Betwa drainage basin is suitable for surface reserviour and check dams. The study shows that the integration of all attributes provides more accurate results in identification of geoenvironmental characteristics.     

Spatial modelling of site suitability assessment for hospitals using geographical information system-based multicriteria approach at Qazvin city,Iran

Due to the population growth and continuous migration of people from rural areas to urban areas, it is important to identify the suitable locations for future development in order to find suitable sites for various kinds of facilities such as schools, hospital and fire stations for new and existing urban areas. Site suitability modelling is a complex process involving various kinds of objectives and issues. Such a complex process includes spatial analysis, use of several decision support tools such as high-spatial resolution remotely sensed data, geographical information system (GIS) and multi criteria analysis (MCA) such as analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and in some cases, prediction techniques like cellular automata (CA) or artificial neural networks (ANN). This paper presents a comparison between the results of AHP and the ordinary least square (OLS) evaluation model, based on various criteria, to select suitable sites for new hospitals in Qazvin city, Iran. Based on the obtained results, proximity to populated areas (0.3) and distance to air polluted areas (0.23–0.26) were the two highest important criteria with high weight value. The results show that these two techniques not only have similarity in size (in m²) for each suitability class but they also have similarity in spatial distribution of each class in the entire study area. Based on calculations of both techniques, 1–2%, 25%, 40–43%, 16–20% and 14% of study areas are assigned as ‘not suitable', ‘less suitable', ‘moderately suitable', ‘suitable' and ‘most suitable' areas for construction of new hospitals. Results revealed that a 75% similarity was found in the distribution of suitability classes in Qazvin city using both techniques. Nineteen per cent (19%) of the study area are assigned as ‘suitable' and ‘most suitable' by both methods, so these areas can be considered as safe or secure areas for clinical purposes. Moreover, almost all (99.8%) suitable areas are located in district 3, because of its higher population, less numbers of existing hospitals and large numbers of barren land plots of acceptable size.     

GIS与模糊综合评判方法在垃圾填埋场选址中的应用

随着环境保护的呼吁声越来越高,人们对环境污染物之一的垃圾的处理越来越关注,选址工作在垃圾填埋场的整个建设过程中的地位非常重要.本次选用ETM++遥感影像提取基础地理信息,结合垃圾填埋场建址的标准,利用GIS空间分析功能分析出适合场址的几个候选区.利用层次分析法选取相关评价指标,建立模糊综合评判模型对几个候选区进行评价;...