L2C码与L2载波数据质量分析

基于IGS的L2C信号跟踪站数据验证了具有L2C码的卫星的L2载波的信噪比高于没有L2C码的卫星的L2载波的信噪比,L2载波恢复的数据质量更好.针对不同的接收机,对比分析了C/A码和L2C码多路径效应及观测噪声水平,发现对TRIMBLE NETRS接收机,L2C码误差水平明显高于C/A码,与期望结果相反.     

L2C监测跟踪网信噪比SNR数据质量分析

本文从L2C监测跟踪网的数据出发,分析了其中六个监测站的信噪比(SNR)数据。首先分析了未调制L2C码卫星的L1载波和L2载波的信噪比,得出此时的L2的信噪比数值相对较小(L1载波的信噪比均值与L2的信噪比均值差异最大为19.1dB)且稳定性较差;随后分析了调制有L2C码的卫星的L1载波和L2载波的信噪比,得出现代化后的L2载波信噪比与L1载波的信噪比基本一致(两个信噪比之差基本上在5dB左右);进而得出结论:调制有L2C码的L2载波具有更好的数据稳定性和抗干扰能力,且具有易于捕获的特点。     

Combined L1/L2 Kalman filter-based tracking scheme for weak signal environments

A Kalman filter-based method combining the energy of both L1 C/A and L2C GPS signals in a combined tracking loop method to enhance performance under adverse conditions is developed. Standard tracking methods and the ionospheric effect on GPS signals are reviewed and compared to a new Kalman filter that simultaneously estimates delay, phase and total electron content by combining L1 C/A and L2C code and phase discriminator outputs. The new filter is tested and compared to standard methods for tracking L1 C/A and L2C using both simulated and real data. The new method is found to have improved sensitivity of 3 dB compared to standard L1 tracking and 4.5 dB compared to standard L2C tracking while at the same time providing an accurate estimate of the total electron content along the signal path.     

On the accuracy of the GPS L2 observable for ionospheric monitoring

The introduction of the unencrypted global positioning system (GPS) L2 civil (L2C) signal has the potential to improve measurements made with the L2 frequency, an important observable in GPS-based ionospheric research and monitoring. Recent work has shown significant differences between the legacy L2P(Y) and L2C-derived total electron content rate of change index (ROTI). This difference is observed between L2P(Y) and L2C-derived ROTI with certain receiver models and between zero-baseline receiver pairs. We discuss the likely cause for these differences: L1-aided tracking used to track both the L2P(Y) and L2C signals. We also present L2C data that are confirmed to be from tracking independent of L1. Using the ionospheric-free linear combination, we show that the independently tracked carrier phase dynamics are significantly more accurate than the L1-aided observables. This result is confirmed by comparing the behavior of the L2C and L2P(Y) carrier phase observables upon a sudden antenna rotation.     

GPS现代化后L2C的信号质量分析

分析了L2C码的主要作用,比较了GPS现代化后L2载波信噪比的变化特点,阐述了伪距观测值的噪声水平。     

组合观测值确定L1 & L2的模糊度的探讨

从组合观测值理论出发,研究了结合使用宽巷和超宽巷两组组合观测值推求短基线的整周模糊度的精度及其稳定性等问题,并利用自编的短基线数据处理软件程序进行了实验验证。实验表明,在短基线情况下,采取该方法求取的整周模糊度是可靠的,在观测值发生周跳的情况下,其基线向量的精度也不会有明显的降低,可在工程中推广应用。     

GPS现代化后L2载波的数据质量分析

从L2C码的信号结构、多路径效应和信噪比3个方面对实际采集到的观测数据进行分析,结果表明,新的L2C码采用了新的设计结构,其多路径效应与C/A码的多路径效应较为一致,且L2载波的信噪比得到明显提高。然后利用L1载波和L2载波分别求解双差模糊度,实验结果说明,加载了L2C码的L2载波和L1载波计算双差模糊度的效果一致,较原未加载L2C码的载波在模糊度解算效率上有显著的提高。     

GPS现代化后L2载波的定位精度研究

利用实际采集的数据,从信噪比和定位残差上分析了L2载波的数据质量,指出GPS现代化后,用L2C码恢复的L2载波信噪比明显提高,与L2载波信噪比接近,两者的差值仅在5 dBHz以内;用L2 C码恢复的L2载波比GPS现代化前的L2载波的信噪比更加稳定,不容易受卫星高度角的影响;同时利用L2 C码恢复的L2载波的定位残差比没有L2 C码的L2裁波小,定位精度明显提高.     

全球定位系统卫星L2载波增加民用码的作用

详细分析和推估GPS卫星的L2载波上增加民用码对GPS技术和应用的意义.     

Performance of the L2C civil GPS signal under various ionospheric scintillation effects

As GPS is modernizing, there are currently fourteen satellites transmitting L2C civil code and seven satellites transmitting L5 signal. While the GPS observables are subject to several sources of errors, the ionosphere is one of the largest error sources affecting GPS signals. Small irregularities in the electrons density along the GPS radio signal propagation path cause ionospheric scintillation that is characterized by rapid fluctuations in the signal amplitude and phase. The ionospheric scintillation effects are stronger in equatorial and high-latitude geomagnetic latitude regions and occur mainly due to equatorial anomaly and solar storms. Several researchers have analyzed the L2C signal quality since becoming available in December, 2005. We analyze the performance of L2C using GPS data from stations in the equatorial region of Brazil, which is subject of weak, moderate and strong ionospheric scintillation conditions. The GPS data were collected by Septentrio PolaRxS–PRO receivers as part of the CIGALA/CALIBRA network. The analysis was performed as a function of scintillations indexes S4 and Phi60, lock time (time interval in seconds that the carrier phase is tracked continuously without cycle slips), multipath RMS and position variation of precise point positioning solutions. The analysis shows that L2C code solutions are less affected by multipath effects than that of P2 when data are collected under weak ionospheric scintillation effects. In terms of analysis of positions, the kinematic PPP results using L2C instead P2 codes show accuracy improvements up to 33 % in periods of weak or strong ionospheric scintillation. When combining phase and code collected under weak scintillation effects, the results by applying L2C against P2 provide improvement in accuracy up to 59 %. However, for data under strong scintillation effects, the use of L2C for PPP with code and phase does not provide improvements in the positioning accuracy.     

遥感影像边缘增强的L2向量空间范数算法

采用线性代数L2向量空间Householder变换-Norm（范数）构造函数,实现了遥感影像的边缘增强.影像实验结果与传统的Laplacian和Sobel边缘增强进行比较表明,本算法的边缘增强效果要优于Laplacian和Sobel边缘增强,为遥感影像的边缘增强提供了一种新的手段.     

Use of the L2C signal for inversions of GPS radio occultation data in the neutral atmosphere

Results from processing FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultations (RO) with the new GPS L2C signal acquired both in phase locked loop (PLL) and open loop (OL) modes are presented. Analysis of L2P, L2C, and L1CA signals acquired in PLL mode shows that in the presence of strong ionospheric scintillation not only L2P tracking, but also L1CA tracking often fails, while L2C tracking is most stable. The use of L2C improves current RO processing in the neutral atmosphere mainly by increasing the number of processed occultations (due to significant reduction in the number of L2 tracking failures) and marginally by a reduction in noise in statistics. The latter is due to the combination of reduced L2C noise (compared to L2P) and increased L1CA noise in those occultations where L2P would have failed. This result suggests application of OL tracking for L1CA and L2C signals throughout an entire occultation to optimally acquire RO data. Two methods of concurrent processing of L1CA and L2C RO signals are considered. Based on testing of individual occultations, these methods allow: (1) reduction in uncertainty of bending angles retrieved by wave optics in the lower troposphere and (2) reduction in small-scale residual errors of the ionospheric correction in the stratosphere.     

Edge enhancement for remote sensing image using norm algorithm in L2 vector space

The Householder transformation-norm structure function in L2 vector space of linear algebra is introduced, and the edge enhancement for remote sensing images is realized. The experiment result is compared with traditional Laplacian and Sobel edge enhancements and it shows that the effect of the new method is better than that of the traditional algorithms.     

Compass B2a与GPSL5信号间干扰仿真分析

首先介绍了卫星导航系统间干扰评估方法,仿真计算了CompassB2a与GPSL5信号间的相互干扰。干扰分析结果表明：Compass B2和GPSL5信号之间可以实现兼容,为进一步开展B2与L5信号间的互操作研究打下了基础。     

GLONASS CDMA L3 ambiguity resolution and positioning

A first assessment of GLONASS CDMA L3 ambiguity resolution and positioning performance is provided. Our analyses are based on GLONASS L3 data from the satellite pair SVNs 755-801, received by two JAVAD receivers at Curtin University, Perth, Australia. In our analyses, four different versions of the two-satellite model are applied: the geometry-free model, the geometry-based model , the height-constrained geometry-based model, and the geometry-fixed model. We study the noise characteristics (carrier-to-noise density, measurement precision), the integer ambiguity resolution performance (success rates and distribution of the ambiguity residuals), and the positioning performance (ambiguity float and ambiguity fixed). The results show that our empirical outcomes are consistent with their formal counterparts and that the GLONASS data have a lower noise level than that of GPS, particularly in case of the code data. This difference is not only seen in the noise levels but also in their onward propagation to the ambiguity time series and ambiguity residuals distribution.     

L1-norm pre-analysis measures for geodetic networks

 Several pre-analysis measures which help to expose the behavior of L ₁ -norm minimization solutions are described. The pre-analysis measures are primarily based on familiar elements of the linear programming solution to L ₁-norm minimization, such as slack variables and the reduced-cost vector. By examining certain elements of the linear programming solution in a probabilistic light, it is possible to derive the cumulative distribution function (CDF) associated with univariate L ₁-norm residuals. Unlike traditional least squares (LS) residual CDFs, it is found that L ₁-norm residual CDFs fail to follow the normal distribution in general, and instead are characterized by both discrete and continuous (i.e. piecewise) segments. It is also found that an L ₁ equivalent to LS redundancy numbers exists and that these L ₁ equivalents are a byproduct of the univariate L ₁ univariate residual CDF. Probing deeper into the linear programming solution, it is found that certain combinations of observations which are capable of tolerating large-magnitude gross errors can be predicted by comprehensively tabulating the signs of slack variables associated with the L ₁ residuals. The developed techniques are illustrated on a two-dimensional trilateration network. Received: 6 July 2001 / Accepted: 21 February 2002     

不同时相MODIS L1B数据间定量关系研究

由不同时相和不同传感器所导致的遥感数据非一致性是定量监测地表长期变化所必须面对的一个重要问题。用于消减遥感数据非一致性的归一化辐射校正和传感器交叉定标,多采用统计方法,难以满足定量遥感发展的需求。本文针对MODISL1B光学波段产品数据,推导了不同时相非变像元灰度值(SI)之间的数学表达式,并利用MODIS的可见光-短波红外波段L1B数据对该定量关系进行了验证。研究表明,在可见光-短波红外波段,L1B非变像元在不同时相间的定量关系分为乘性和加性两部分,主要与太阳光照条件、大气状态以及传感器自身等变化因素有关。虽然基于MODIS非变像元时相关系的检验结果与理想状态下的结果存在偏差,但总体趋势仍然较好。     

一元Laplace分布的L1—范估计的无偏性

根据Laplace分布的概率密度函数公式，推导了了中位数的概率密度，在此基础上证明了L1－范估计的无偏性。