大柏舍地电台映震能力初析

分析了大柏舍地电台１８年的有效观测资料，研究了ρｓ异常变化与周围一定范围内发生的Ｍｓ≥４．０级地震的对应关系，评价了该台的映震能力，结果表明，在所发生的１３次Ｍｓ≥４．０级地震中，有１０次地震前观测到了明显的ρｓ异常变化，其中Ｍｓ≥４．３级地震，都有ρｓ前兆反应，５次５级以上地震尤为显著，表明该台具有较强的映震能力。     

张北6.2地震前后地下水位异常动态及与地震的响应能力

使用距１９９８年１月１０日张北Ｍｓ６．２地震３００ｋｍ范围内的内蒙古自治区前兆台网５口水井的地下水位资料,分析了地下水位趋势异常特征及张北Ｍｓ６．２级地震前后１０天地下水位的微动态特征,表明在北张Ｍｓ６．２地震前后地下水位确实存在的明显的异常反应,并用“八五”攻关水化,水位地震短临预报新方法分析研究了张北Ｍｓ６．２地震前后水位群体异常的变化特征与张北地震的关系,对张北Ｍｓ６．２地震做出中期,短期,     

新疆库尔勒台地倾斜观测资料分析

应用形态法、差发法对新疆尔勒台１９９０～１９９６年地倾斜资料做了系统的分析处理,对２５０ｋｍ范围内的Ｍｓ≥５．０级的５次地震的异常特征进行了分析总结。结果表明：地震前差分曲线表现为超出２．０倍均方差限,单分量曲线和矢量轨迹曲线出现破年变或年变消失。因此用形态法和差分法就可以判断资料是否 在前兆异常,根据资料异常的方向性并结合异常的不同特点可用来预估危险地点。     

聊古—1井氮氦比的熵值变化与地震的关系

利用信息熵的新方法处理了聊古—１井氮氦比１０年来的观测资料，找出了氮氦比信息熵的两次较大变化与地震的关系。以聊古—１井为中心的１５０ｋｍ范围内，自观测以来发生过两次大于５．０级（Ｍｓ）地震，即１９８１年的宁晋５．８级和１９８３年的菏泽５．９级地震。在这两次地震前氮氦比信息熵都出现了明显的低值异常变化。这可能反映了系统在较大地震前的减熵有序变化。     

首都圈及其邻近地区电磁辐射映震效果研究

首都圈及共附近地区多年观测的电磁辐射资料表明,地震电磁辐射异常与３００ｋｍ范围内５级以上地震,２００ｋｍ范围内４．５～４．９极地震和１００ｋｍ范围内４．０～４．４级地震具有比较明显的对应关系,其变化规律和映震特点是震中距愈小,地震愈大,信息持续时间愈长,异常幅度也愈大;异常面积（即异常台站数）与地震大小成正相关。统计表明,中等以上地震与异常信息对应率约７６％。     

武威地电台映震能力讨论

本文研究了武威地电台周围１５０ｋｍ范围内发生的景泰６．２、门源６．４、天祝西４．７、旦马５．６、雅布赖４．７级地震和共和７．０级地震（△＝２７０ｋｍ）该台地电阻率（ρｓ）变化，结果显示：对于前４次地震，该台ＥＷ道测值出现１０＾－１－１０＾－２量级的ρｓ短临异常，共和和雅布赖地震前后观测到１０＾－１量级的ρｓ短期下降异常。作者研究认为，ρｓ异常可以是该台ＥＷ道探测范围内介质不完整，孕震后期震源力学过     

江宁地电新台监测预报效能评价

江宁地电新台于１９９６年开始在新台址处正式观测。经４年的观测资料积累,已具备条件对新台的监测预报效能进行评价。评价表明,江宁地电新台观测资料可靠,观测精度较高。因１９９６年１１月９日南黄海Ｍｓ６．１地震（△３９６ｋｍ）和１９９７年７月２８日南海Ｍｓ５．１地震（△３６０ｋｍ）前,地电阻率值显示了较好的前兆异常。对台址测区附近（△〈１０ｋｍ）发生的ＭＬ２．１地震,江宁地电新台地率也观测到异常变化。由此     

震前自然电场的前兆及其可能机理

研究了震前自然电场的前兆及礤可能机理。主要结论：（１）５．４￣６．２级地震在１５０￣２００ｋｍ,７．０￣７．９级地震在２５０ｋｍ范围内自然电场出现前兆;（２）过滤电场、电化学电场、土体受压变密和机电转换可能是自然电场的前兆机理。     

鄞县ML3.9和ML4.7地震的震源参数

１９９３年２月２６日和１９９４年９月７日在浙江宁波鄞县发生了ＭＬ３．０和ＭＬ４．７地震。本文使用华东地区部分台站的地震记录资料给出了这两次地震的震源机制和震源参数。其主要结果是：该区的主压应力方向约为北东６０°；３．０级地震的破裂方向为ＳＳＷ，破裂速度为２．７ｋｍ／ｓ，破裂尺度为０．３９ｋｍ；４．７级地震的破裂方向为ＮＷＷ，破裂速度为２．３ｋｍ／ｓ，破裂尺度为０．４１ｋｍ。     

震前动物习性异常与地震关系的研究

本简要介绍了枣庄地震动物试验的观测和研究概况，以鹦鹉鸣叫活动资料分析为例，探讨了试验区２００ｋｍ范围内，ＭＬ≥３．０级地震前所发生的异常活动。从而阐明利用动物出现的行为异常预报地震的可能性。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Solute concentrations in the lower niger river and the source rock contribution

Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO₃ > SO₄ > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1^?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals.