外延铁电薄膜相变温度的尺寸效应

考虑外延钙钛矿型铁电薄膜内的等效应力、表面晶格变化和表面电荷引起的退极化效应等机电耦合边界条件,利用铁电薄膜系统的动态金茨堡-朗道方程(DGL),系统分析和讨论了外延铁电薄膜相变温度与临界相变厚度的尺寸效应.结果表明,铁电薄膜相变温度与临界相变厚度完全依赖于各种与薄膜厚度相关的力电耦合边界条件.也给出了BaTiO₃外延铁电薄膜相变温度在各种边界条件下随厚度的变化,从结果看出,本文的分析与结论更符合实验数据.     

The influence of seaward boundary conditions on swash zone hydrodynamics

The influence of the seaward boundary condition on the internal swash hydrodynamics is investigated. New numerical solutions of the characteristics form of the nonlinear shallow-water equations are presented and applied to describe the swash hydrodynamics forced by breaking wave run-up on a plane beach. The solutions depend on the specification of characteristic variables on the seaward boundary of the swash zone, equivalent to prescribing the flow depth or the flow velocity. It is shown that the analytical solution of Shen and Meyer [Shen, M.C., Meyer, R.E., 1963. Climb of a bore on a beach. Part 3. Runup. J. Fluid Mech. 16, 113–125] is a special case of the many possible solutions that can describe the swash flow, but one that does not appear appropriate for practical application for real waves. The physical significance of the boundary conditions is shown by writing the volume and momentum fluxes in terms of the characteristic variables. Results are presented that illustrate the dependence of internal flow depth and velocity on the boundary condition. This implies that the internal swash hydrodynamics depend on the shape and wavelength of the incident bore, which differs from the hydrodynamic similarity inherent in the analytical solution. A solution appropriate for long bores is compared to laboratory data to illustrate the difference from the analytical solution. The results are important in terms of determining overwash flows, flow forces and sediment dynamics in the run-up zone.     

涨落潮对海湾内新建人造沙滩稳定性的影响

为提高海湾内人造沙滩稳定性,以宁波西沪港北岸人造沙滩为研究对象,结合已有试验段人造沙滩退化过程,分析了沙源流失原因,并以此优化拟建段人造沙滩的位置,再通过波浪-泥沙物理模型试验,研究了不同强度波浪和潮位过程对拟建段人造沙滩稳定性的影响。结果表明：波浪和人造沙滩存在夹角时,沙滩前会存在明显的纵向沿岸输沙;人造沙滩建造后首年,平常浪作用1年对人造沙滩稳定性影响可能会大于单次台风浪对沙滩的作用;常浪作用下涨落潮引起的沙滩前沿水下沙坝发育过程不同,落潮水位过程波浪对沙滩的侵蚀大于涨潮水位过程;人造沙滩前落潮流和波生沿岸流方向一致,会加速沙滩侵蚀,当落潮流作用大于涨潮流,则会进一步导致沙滩严重退化。