安徽池州马头钼铜矿床成因与成矿模式

马头钼铜矿床是长江中下游皖南地区新探明的一个中型多金属矿床,成矿受东西向古特提斯构造体系向北东向古太平洋构造体系转换机制制约。文章通过对矿床流体包裹体、稳定同位素地球化学特征进行研究,厘定了矿床成因,并构建了矿床成矿模式。研究结果表明:矿区内石英脉中流体包裹体均一温度范围为91℃~398℃、盐度范围为0.88%~37.4%、密度范围为0.18g/cm3~1.10g/cm3,属中温、中等盐度、中低密度流体,成矿流体演化经历了钾长石化、石英-绢云母化和青磐岩化三个阶段,石英-绢云母化阶段成矿规模最大;矿石与围岩全岩Pb同位素组成均一,在~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb-~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb图中呈线性分布趋势,表明成矿物质具有多源性,花岗闪长斑岩参与成矿的特征更为显著;黄铁矿中硫同位素组成介于-1.00‰~+7.00‰,近似塔型分布,辉钼矿硫同位素组成高于黄铁矿,表明矿石矿物中硫同位素组成均一且达到平衡,硫主要来源于深部地幔,并受到地壳物质的混染;无矿、含矿两类石英脉氧同位素组成范围为9.80‰~13.0‰,二者为同源热液作用的产物,流体中δ18 O水值为-1.21‰~+1.99‰,接近大气降水值,推测在成矿过程中原始含矿热液受到不同程度大气降水的混合。马头钼铜矿床为一具有斑岩型矿床围岩蚀变分带特征的次火山-热液矿床,属斑岩成矿系统,花岗闪长斑岩是区内最主要的成矿母岩,粉砂岩也为成矿提供了一定的物质条件,但钾长花岗岩脉与成矿关系不大。     

Geology, Geochemistry, and Genesis of the Tongcun Porphyry Mo (Cu) Deposit, NW Zhejiang Province, China

Please refer to the attachment(s) for more details     

青海东昆仑托克妥Cu-Au(Mo)矿床含矿斑岩成因:锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学约束

东昆仑造山带是我国斑岩型矿床的重要成矿区之一。对东昆仑托克妥Cu-Au(Mo)矿床含矿斑岩利用原位LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年和地球化学分析方法,探讨该地区岩体成因以及岩浆作用与成矿作用的深部约束机制。东昆仑托克妥Cu-Au(Mo)矿床含矿二长花岗斑岩年龄为(232.49±0.93)Ma,花岗闪长斑岩年龄为(232.6±1.2)Ma,处于东昆仑碰撞造山阶段。含矿斑岩为二长花岗斑岩和花岗闪长斑岩,具有富硅(w(SiO2)=63.11%~71.78%)、高钾(w(K2O)=2.62%~3.61%)、高镁(w(MgO)=0.52%~1.89%)、低钛(w(TiO2)=0.26%~0.53%)和偏铝质(A/CNK=1.05~1.10)的特征,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、K和Pb等,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti和P,属于高钾钙碱性系列的I型花岗岩。研究认为,托克妥Cu-Au(Mo)矿床形成于大陆动力体制下的伸展背景,与阿尼玛卿洋壳岩石圈北向俯冲碰撞有关的俯冲板片断离有关。     

小赛什腾山斑岩铜（钼）矿床根部带的特征

小赛什腾山斑岩型铜矿床产于柴北缘造山带之西端 ,NW向柴北缘深断裂和NEE向阿尔金深断裂分别从其旁侧通过 ,这两条深断裂的交汇部位是该矿床含铜斑岩的控岩构造。印支期花岗闪长斑岩呈岩墙状侵位于晚加里东期层状杂岩体的闪长岩相中 ,环绕该斑岩体发育有斑岩型Cu(Mo)矿化及钾硅酸盐化 绢英岩化 青磐岩化蚀变 ,这些蚀变以斑岩为中心 ,由内向外依次形成相应的面型蚀变分带。流体包裹体以液相包裹体为主要类型及高温 高盐度为基本特征 ,其中 ,在钾硅酸盐化蚀变岩内分布有含盐度达 4 8%的含NaCl子晶多相包裹体 ,均一温度变化于 5 0 0～ 6 0 0℃之间 ,测压显示其成矿深度约在 1～1.8km ,表明该含铜斑岩成矿系统形成于典型的高位、浅成环境。同位素测年结果确认 ,斑岩铜矿化形成于 2 18.5± 3.5 9Ma。详细的研究与对比认为 ,小赛什腾山铜矿床具有国内斑岩铜 (钼 )矿体系根部带的特征。     

云南哈播斑岩型铜（ 钼 金）矿床地质与成矿背景研究

哈播斑岩铜(-钼-金)矿床位于哀牢山-红河新生代成矿带南端西侧,是近年来新发现的一个斑岩型矿床.矿区内出露的哈播侵入体具有多期侵入的特征,花岗岩依次侵入的序列为坪山花岗岩、三道班花岗岩、阿树花岗岩、哈播南山花岗岩(37.3 Ma),随后有4期斑岩侵入到哈播南山花岗岩中,依次为黑云母钾长石斑岩、石英钾长石斑岩、石英二长斑岩和晚期黑云母钾长石斑岩岩脉.采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄法测定黑云母钾长石斑岩和石英二长斑岩的加权平均年龄分别为36.20±0.20 Ma和36.19±0.22 Ma,哈播南山花岗岩和4期斑岩具有相似的岩石地球化学特征,都有富钾、高氧化态和类似岛弧花岗岩的岩石地球化学特征,可能具有相同的来源.辉钼矿Re-Os年龄显示,哈播矿床的成矿年龄为35.47±0.16 Ma.相似的成岩-成矿年龄暗示哈播矿床成岩和成矿作用是一个连续的岩浆-热液过程,与玉龙斑岩铜矿相似.基于哈播矿床的岩石学、地球化学特点,结合前人关于青藏高原东部斑岩铜矿的研究成果,我们认为哈播斑岩矿床可能为藏东富碱斑岩带向东南的延伸,与玉龙斑岩铜矿带具有相似的成因,为哀牢山-红河新生代成矿带的重要组成部分,是晚碰撞构造转换背景下的重要产物.     

斑岩型Cu(Mo)矿床中微量元素富集贫化规律研究

依据江西城门山、内蒙古乌奴格吐山、甘肃白山堂三个斑岩型Cu(Mo)矿床试验资料,探讨了斑岩型Cu-Mo矿床中微量元素的富集贫化规律.在斑岩型Cu(Mo)矿床中,除存在成矿元素及其伴生元素的富集以外,还存在着部分亲石分散元素、稀有元素等的贫化.发生贫化的微量元素因矿床而异,既有共性又有特殊性.Sr等微量元素在斑岩型Cu(Mo)矿床中显著贫化并且有随Cu矿化增强贫化程度增强的规律,可以作为判断与斑岩体有关的地球化学异常的成矿前景.此项研究成果为实现地球化学勘查指标的定量化提供了基础.     

万宝源斑岩型钼矿流体包裹体及成矿物质来源研究

万宝源斑岩型钼矿位于辽东裂谷内,产于石柱子花岗闪长岩体及其后侵入的石英斑岩内。矿化类型可以分为浸染状、细脉充填状和石英脉状三种。为了解决该钼矿的成矿流体来源及矿床形成机制问题,我们从流体包裹体、REE、S、D-O同位素入手进行了研究。石英中的流体包裹体测试数据揭示:钼矿化可以分为三个阶段,高温阶段、中温阶段和低温阶段,以中温阶段为主。REE分析表明,成矿物质起源于花岗闪长岩体,后经分离结晶作用,最终与花岗闪长岩体表现出不同的REE配分模式;S同位素分析显示,S来源于岩体与地层,是一种混合硫;D-O同位素研究则说明,成矿流体是以岩浆水为主,后期有天水加入的混合流体。最后建立石柱子成矿系统,对石柱子花岗闪长岩内外接触带上的矿床成因进行了探讨。     

Fluid inclusions and C-H-O-S isotope systematics of early Permian porphyry Mo mineralization of the West Junggar region,NW China: the Suyunhe example

ABSTRACT

The Suyunhe porphyry Mo deposit, located in the West Junggar terrane, is the largest molybdenum deposit found in Xinjiang to date, with a proven reserve of 0.57 Mt. The Suyunhe deposit is associated with Early Permian granitic rocks, which emplaced into the volcano-sedimentary sequences of the Middle Devonian Barluk Formation. Four metallogenic stages are identified in this study. Stage I is marked by the quartz-magnetite-K-feldspar±biotite±pyrite±molybdenite veins, which mainly occurred in the intensively potassic alternation zone and were formed at high temperature (>481°C), high salinity (58.6?65.18 wt.%), and relatively high oxygen fugacity conditions with a fluid system of NaCl-H₂O-CO₂. Stage II is the main metallogenic stage and develops numerous quartz-molybdenite±pyrite veins associated with muscovite–chlorite alteration, which were formed by immiscible fluids at medium-high temperature (210?427°C), medium-high salinity (43.36?49.90 wt.%), and relatively low oxygen fugacity conditions with the fluid system of NaCl-H₂O-CO₂-CH₄-C₂H₆. After the main Mo-mineralization, quartz-polymetallic sulphides veins associated with quartz–sericite alteration were formed by fluids at medium-low temperature, low-salinity conditions with the fluid system of NaCl-H₂O-CO₂ in stage III. The following quartz-polymetallic sulphide veins are quartz-calcite±pyrite veins associated with calcite alteration, which were formed by fluids at low temperature and low-salinity conditions with a fluid system of NaCl-H₂O in stage IV.

The δ¹⁸O‰ values indicate that the ore fluids of stages I and II are dominated by magmatic water, whereas stages III and IV are dominated by meteoric water. A wide range of δ³⁴S‰ values (?7.1 to 3.4‰) of sulphides between stages I and II indicates that increasing the reducibility plays an important role in molybdenum mineralization. The δ¹³C_CH4 values suggest that CH₄ of the ore fluids mainly results from the assimilation–contamination of carbonaceous country rocks, and partly derives from magma. However, the δ¹³C_CO2 values suggest that CO₂ of the ore fluids mainly originates from magma, and minor derives from wall-rocks as well as meteoric water.     

Isotope Geochemistry of the Xinchang -Yongjia Silver (Lead-Zinc)Ore Belt in Eastern Zhejiang Province

In the Xinchang-Yongjia silver (lead-zinc) ore belt, there mainly occur the large to medium-sized Haoshi, Bamao, Dalingkou and Wubu silver deposits or silver-bearing lead-zinc deposits. On the basis of researches on these typical deposits, the mechanism of leaching-drawing mineralization of Mesozoic geothermal water and the related model are put forward in this paper in the light of the time interval between rock and formation ages as well as hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur and lead isotope geochemical characteristics. The major metallogenic process occurred in volcanic rock layers. The ore-forming fluids are geothermal water coming from meteoric water and circulating at shallow layers. This geothermal water leached and absorbed ore-forming materials from its country rocks during its flowing (such metallogenic elements as silver, lead-zinc and sulphur mainly came from consolidated volcanic rocks), leading to the formation of meso - epithermal silver deposits.     

西藏驱龙斑岩铜矿含矿斑岩的年代学与地球化学

驱龙斑岩铜(钼)矿是冈底斯斑岩成矿带上的重要矿床之一,由于其被发现较晚、海拔高、工作条件差,总体研究程度较低。本文通过野外工作和对岩心样品分析,在岩石学和地球化学研究基础上,采用离子探针(SHRIMP)锆石U-Pb方法和辉钼矿Re-Os方法研究了驱龙矿区的成矿和成岩年龄。选择两种方法测定了驱龙斑岩铜矿黑云母花岗闪长岩成岩与成矿年龄,其中两个样品的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb谐和年龄分别为16．35±0．40Ma和16．38±0．46Ma;4个样品中辉钼矿的Re-Os模式年龄为15．82～16．85Ma。获得的结果与已有定年结果一致。综合分析表明,驱龙矿床的成岩与成矿作用是一个连续的岩浆作用过程,整个冈底斯斑岩成矿带成矿时间介于12～17Ma,成矿时间持续大约5Ma。     

西藏邦铺斑岩钼铜矿床岩浆-热液流体演化: 流体包裹体研究

邦铺矿床产于西藏冈底斯成矿带东段,是一个与二长花岗斑岩-闪长(玢)岩侵入体有关的斑岩型钼铜矿床。在前人的研究基础上,本文依据矿物组合、脉体穿切关系的不同,划分了3个成矿阶段:成矿前阶段、主成矿阶段以及成矿后阶段。根据气液充填度的不同以及是否含有子矿物,流体包裹体可分为5类:B15、B20H、B35、B60和B80。成矿流体从早到晚具有规律性演化特征:成矿前阶段发育B20H、B35、B60和B80包裹体,均一温度(243～421℃)变化范围较大,盐度集中在1.4～15.4wt%和34.3～48.3wt%,密度为0.62～1.25g.cm-3;主成矿阶段发育典型的沸腾包裹体组合(B20H与B60、B80共存),均一温度为240～423℃,盐度集中在1.7～16.5wt%和32.2～47.5wt%,密度为0.55～1.12g.cm-3;成矿后阶段发育B15、B35包裹体,均一温度(119～301℃)和盐度(0.9～9.7wt%)较低,密度为0.59～0.92g.cm-3。成矿压力分别为～120Mpa、34～85Mpa、20～58Mpa。激光拉曼探针分析结果表明液相成分主要为H2O,气相成分含CO2。流体包裹体研究结果表明,在>5km的古深度,岩浆房发生出溶。在约2km的古深度岩浆流体曾发生减压沸腾和不混溶作用,主成矿阶段的压力波动可能是邦铺矿床Mo、Cu在此阶段沉淀的原因。随着裂隙进一步扩大,流体氧逸度不断提高,该阶段也有少量Mo矿化的产生。     

浙江省桐村钼矿床Re-Os同位素年龄及地质意义

浙江桐村斑岩型钼矿床位于钦杭成矿带东段,紧邻赣东北成矿带,矿床的形成与燕山早期侵入的同熔型花岗岩有关,含矿岩体的成岩年龄165 ～168Ma.辉钼矿矿石呈浸染状产于岩体内部或岩体与围岩的接触带.本文首次对矿床中3件辉钼矿样品进行了Re-Os同位素年代学研究,测得辉钼矿的等时线年龄为162.2Ma±1.3 (MSWD =0.006),代表了成矿年龄.成矿成岩年龄具有一致性,矿床成因类型为斑岩-矽卡岩型钼(铜)矿床.     

Ore Geology, Fluid Geochemistry and Genesis of the Shanggong Gold Deposit, Eastern Qinling Orogen, China

Abstract. The Shanggong Au deposit in the Xiong'er Terrane, East Qinling, has reserves of about 30 t Au, making it one of the largest orogenic‐type Au deposits hosted in volcanic rocks in China. The deposit is hosted in the andesitic assemblage of the Xiong'er Group of 1.85?1.4 Ga. Three stages of hydrothermal ore‐forming processes are recognized, Early (E), Middle (M) and Late (L), characterised by quartz‐pyrite, polymetallic sulfides and carbonate‐quartz, respectively. Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions are between 380‐320d?C for the E‐stage, 300‐220d?C for the M‐stage and 200‐120d?C for the L‐stage. The composition of fluid inclusions changed from CO₂‐rich in the E‐stage to CO₂‐poor L‐stage. The M‐stage fluid has the highest contents of cations and anions (e.g., SO₄^2‐, Cl¹, K+), the highest (K+Na)/(Mg+Ca) and lowest CO₂/H₂O ratios, which probably resulted from CO₂ phase separation. This, together with the alkaline and reducing conditions, as indicated by highest pH and lowest Eh values, is most conducive to the deposition of polymetallic sulfides and native elements such as Au, Ag and Te. H‐O isotope systematics indicate that ore fluids evolved from deep‐sourced through to shallow‐sourced, with the M‐stage being a mixing phase of these two fluid‐systems. Nineteen δ¹⁸O_W values, from 4.2 to 13.4 %o, averaging 8.1 %o, suggest that the E‐stage fluids derived from metamorphic devolatilization of sedimentary rocks at depth. Comparison of the H‐O isotope systematics between the Shanggong deposit and the main lithologies in the Xiong'er Terrane, shows that neither these nor the underlying lower crust and mantle, or combinations thereof, could be considered as the source of ore fluids and metals for the Shanggong Au deposit. Instead, a source which meets the isotopic constraints, is a carbonaceous carbonate‐sandstone‐shale‐chert (CSC) sequence, which is present in the Guandaokou and Luanchuan Groups in the south of the Xiong'er Terrane. This conclusion is supported by thirteen high δ¹⁸O values of the Meso‐Neoproterozoic strata south of the Machaoying fault, and the high δ¹⁸O_W values calculated for their possibly metamorphic fluids. It can be also supported by previous observation that the Guandaokou and Luanchuan Groups were underthrust beneath the Xiong'er Terrane, during the Mesozoic collision between the Yangtze and Sinokorean continents. Available isotope ages, together with geological field data, constrain the timing of the Au metallogenesis between 250?110 Ma. This metallogenesis and associated granitic magmatism, can be related to the Yangtze‐Sinokorean continental collision that resulted in the formation of the Qinling Orogen. This collision event progressed from early compression (Triassic to Early Jurassic), through middle compression‐to‐extension transition (Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous), to late extension (Cretaceous). These three stages in the evolution of the Qinling Orogen form the basis of an ore genesis model that combines collisional orogeny, metallogeny and fluid flow (CMF model). These three evolutionary stages correspond to the three‐stages of ore‐forming fluids of the Shanggong Au deposit. We conclude that the formation of the Shanggong Au deposit is a result of the Mesozoic northward intracontinental A‐type subduction along the Machaoying fault during Yangtze‐Sinokorean continental collision, which led to the metamorphic devolatilization of the CSC sequence, thereby providing both fluids and metals.     

辽宁青城子姚家沟斑岩型钼矿流体包裹体

姚家沟钼矿是辽宁青城子矿田中近年来发现的钼矿床,位于华北克拉通北缘,燕辽钼成矿带内。姚家沟花岗斑岩岩体中发现的脑状石英细脉(UST)和石英眼是岩浆出溶热液的直接证据。该矿床蚀变分带特征明显,辉钼矿化主要发育在钾化带及矽卡岩化带中。对姚家沟岩体和钾化钼矿带的5期流体活动进行流体包裹体显微观测表明,其流体包裹体类型丰富,包括单相水包裹体(PW)、两相水包裹体(W)、三相CO_2包裹体(C)、纯CO_2包裹体(PC)和含子矿物包裹体(S),S型流体包裹体中子矿物有赤铁矿、黄铜矿和其他未知矿物,但没有石盐子晶。该矿床流体演化为:1)早期石英眼(均一温度为211.4~515.4℃,盐度(w(NaCl))为0.8%~19.2%)的高中温中低盐度富CO_2体系;2)成矿期石英脉(均一温度为179.5~424.5℃,盐度为2.4%~21.5%)的高中温中低盐度NaCl-H_2O-CO_2体系;3)后期石英脉(均一温度为167.8~353.3℃,盐度为3.4%~15.8%)的中低温中低盐度NaCl-H_2O-CO_2体系;4)晚期方解石脉(均一温度为132.5~234.1℃,盐度为0.9%~11.2%)的中低温中低盐度NaCl-H_2O体系;5)UST(均一温度为158.6~381.7℃,盐度为1.6%~21.5%)为中低温中低盐度NaCl-H_2O-CO_2体系,该期可能与钼矿化关系不大,代表另一期侵位更浅的岩浆出溶热液。流体不混溶、围岩蚀变以及流体混合作用导致流体温度、压力降低,CO_2逸失,体系还原性增强,是成矿金属元素沉淀的主要机理。用等容线相交法对成矿期捕获压力进行估算,为124~180 MPa,对应深度为4.6~7.0km,与同成矿带其他钼矿比较,相对较深。     

Ore Genesis and Formation Age of the Gaogangshan Mo Deposit,Heilongjiang Province,NE China

The Gaogangshan Mo deposit, located in the northern part of the Lesser Xing'an Range (the eastern part of the Xing'an–Mongolia Orogenic Belt), is one of the newly discovered Mo deposits in northeast China. Ore bodies occur in the granite and are generally in vein and stockwork forms. Major metallic minerals in the ore include pyrite and molybdenite. The styles of mineralization are disseminated, veinlet–disseminated, and veinlet. The major types of wall–rock alteration are silicification–potassic alteration, phyllic alteration and propylitization. Fluid inclusion analyses indicate that the ore‐forming fluid during the major mineralization stage is an H₂O–NaCl–CO₂ system, with wide homogenization temperature and salinity ranges. The abundant CO₂–rich and coexisting halite–bearing fluid inclusion assemblages in the main stage of mineralization highlight the significance of intensive fluid boiling for porphyry Mo mineralization. Comprehensive study of the ore‐forming conditions, geological features of the deposit, micro‐thermometric analysis of fluid inclusions and comparison of the Gaogangshan deposit with other typical porphyry deposits leads to the conclusion that the deposit is a porphyry type. We obtained a weighted mean age of the molybdenite deposit at Gaogangshan of 250.7 ± 1.8 Ma. The isotopic dating results indicate that the Gaogangshan deposit was formed in the Permo–Triassic, which is the earliest Mo–only deposit in northeast China. The formation of the Gaogangshan Mo deposit may be related to the extension and break–up of the Songnen Block and Jiamusi Block in the Permo–Triassic.     

Genesis of the Zhaokalong Fe-Cu Polymetallic Deposit at Yushu, China:Evidence from Ore Geochemistry and Fluid Inclusions

The ore types of the Zhaokalong Fe-Cu deposit are divided into two categories: sulfide-type and oxide-type. The sulfide-type ore include siderite ore, galena-sphalerite ore and chalcopyrite ore, whereas the oxide-type ore include magnetite ore and hematite ore. The ore textures and structures indicate that the Zhaokalong deposit is of the sedimentary-exhalative mineralization type. Geochemical analyses show that the two ore types have a high As, Sb, Mn, Co and Ni content. The REE patterns reveal an enrichment of the LREE compared to the HREE. Isotopic analysis of siderite ore reveal that the δ13CPDB ranges from 2.01 to 3.34 (‰) whereas the δ18O SMOW ranges from 6.96 to 18.95 (‰). The fluid inclusion microthermometry results indicate that homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in quartz range from 131 to 181℃, with salinity values of 1.06 to 8.04 wt% NaCl eq. The mineralizing fluid therefore belongs to the low temperature - low salinity system, with a mineralizing solution of a CO2-Ca2+(Na+, K+)-SO42-(F-, Cl-)-H2O system. The geochemical results and fluid inclusion data provide additional evidence that the Zhaokalong deposit is a sedex-type deposit that experienced two stages of mineralization. The sulfide mineralization probably occurred first, during the sedimentary exhalative process, as exhibited by the abundance of marine materials associated with the sulfide ores, indicating a higher temperature and relatively deoxidized oceanic depositional environment. After the main exhalative stage, hydrothermal activity was superimposed to the sulfide mineralization. The later stage oxide mineralization occurred in a low temperature and relatively oxidized environment, in which magmatic fluid circulation was dominant.     

黑龙江漠河县八里房金矿床地球化学特征及成因

八里房金矿床位于黑龙江省漠河县西北部,是一个新发现的金矿床。矿体赋存于闪长岩和中侏罗统额木尔河组长石砂岩中,矿石由含金、黄铁矿的长石砂岩和石英细脉组成。岩石地球化学研究表明：闪长岩稀土总量中到低,富集大离子亲石元素(如K、Rb、Ba)和化学性质活泼不相容元素(如U、Th、Pb),相对亏损高场强元素(如Ta、Nb、P、Sr、Ti),球粒陨石标准化稀土配分模式为轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的右倾型,具有弱的Eu负异常(δEu平均值为0.8),无Ce异常(δCe=0.9～1.0),元素地球化学性质反映出八里房闪长岩具有岛弧岩浆岩的特征;长石砂岩稀土元素总量(∑REE)变化较大,具弱Eu负异常(δEu平均值为0.8),无Ce异常(δCe=0.9～1.0),为活动边缘砂岩系列。含金石英脉中流体包裹体有气液两相、含CO₂三相和纯CO₂流体包裹体3种类型。气液两相包裹体均一温度为107.9～247.4 ℃,盐度(w(NaCl))为3.05%～8.55%,密度为0.84～1.00 g·cm^-3;含CO₂三相包裹体完全均一温度为269.8～332.7 ℃,盐度为4.41%～10.29%,成矿流体为中低温、低盐度的热液流体体系。基于矿床地质特征、岩石地球化学和成矿流体特征的研究,笔者认为八里房金矿床为造山型金矿床。     

西藏驱龙超大型斑岩铜矿的成因：流体包裹体及H O同位素证据

与多数产于岩浆弧环境中的斑岩铜矿不同,西藏冈底斯带斑岩铜矿形成于碰撞造山环境,查明其形成过程有助于理解非岩浆弧环境中斑岩铜矿床的成因.为此,选择冈底斯带最大的斑岩铜矿--驱龙斑岩铜矿进行解剖,通过对矿床岩浆-热液过程形成的各类脉体详细的流体包裹体研究,以及不同蚀变阶段蚀变矿物的H-O同位素研究发现:引起矿床早期蚀变(钾硅酸盐化)与矿化的流体并非通常认为的高盐度岩浆热液,而是直接从岩浆房出溶的中等盐度(约9% NaCl)、近临界密度的高温(550～650℃)气相;气相近临界密度的特征表明,早期蚀变与矿化形成于较高的压力(105±15～90±20 MPa)条件下,用静岩压力估算,对应的古深度在4.2±0.6～3.6±0.8 km之间,成矿后(约16 Ma)矿区发生了至少3～3.5 km的剥蚀;与高盐度流体相比,中等盐度气相与熔体密度差较大,很难在斑岩体顶部聚集并集中释放,而连续释放则直接导致矿床含矿斑岩体与Cu、Mo矿体时空关系的解耦,并造就了矿床早期蚀变范围大、但强度弱,矿化范围大、但品位低的矿床地质特征;成矿物质的沉淀并非温度降低的结果,而是因压力降低及气相中S大量减少所致.总之,驱龙斑岩铜矿是一类成矿与低密度气相有关的斑岩铜矿类型,其蚀变-矿化特征及成矿过程与高盐度流体引发的斑岩矿床类型有所不同,意识到斑岩矿床蚀变及矿化特征与矿床成因的密切关系,对矿床勘查将具有重要的现实意义.     

浙东南石平川钼矿床地质特征、成矿时代及成因

石平川钼矿床位于浙东南政和—大埔断裂与长乐—南澳断裂之间的火山坳陷带相对隆起区,空间上和成因上均与燕山晚期侵入的钾长花岗岩体关系密切,矿体受断裂构造控制。矿化类型为石英脉型,围岩蚀变主要为绢云母化、黄铁矿化,次为碳酸盐化。石英流体包裹体Rb-Sr等时线年龄为(87±1)Ma[锶初始值I(Sr)=0.713 36],形成时间为晚白垩世。成矿期流体包裹体研究表明其均一温度为114.4~325.8℃,集中于170.2~227.0℃。氢氧同位素研究表明,成矿流体的δ(D)为-52.8‰~-64.9‰,δ(18O)为-3.85‰~-7.27‰,反映成矿流体来自混合的岩浆水与大气降水。黄铁矿的硫同位素研究表明δ(34S)为+3.14‰~+4.19‰,表现为岩浆硫特征。辉钼矿Re的质量分数为15.05×10-6~37.65×10-6,与其他钼矿床中辉钼矿Re质量分数的对比结果显示,成矿物质来源于下地壳。以上研究表明石平川钼矿床属中低温岩浆期后热液充填石英脉型钼矿床。