GPS城市沉降监测网数据处理方法研究

GPS技术在大地测量、维护大地坐标系和进行全球板块运动或区域地壳形变监测中已得到非常广泛的应用,但在城市地面沉降监测方面,仍存在基准选取、系统参数对高程形变影响等问题。比较了平差过程中的不同基准模型,分析了各自的适用性,讨论了系统参数对平差结果的影响,得出附加系统参数和附有约束条件的网平差计算模型,最后对西安地区布设的GPS地面沉降和地裂缝监测网进行计算,比较了不同的平差方案,得出系统参数和不同基准模型对地面沉降数据处理的影响和适用性。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987112001302

We present relative sea level （RSL） curves in Antarctica derived from glacial isostatic adjustment （GIA）predictions based on the melting scenarios of the Antarctic ice sheet since the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM）given in previous works.Simultaneously,Holocene-age RSL observations obtained at the raised beaches along the coast of Antarctica are shown to be in agreement with the GIA predictions.The differences from previously published ice-loading models regarding the spatial distribution and total mass change of the melted ice are significant.These models were also derived from GIA modelling; the variations can be attributed to the lack of geological and geographical evidence regarding the history of crustal movement due to ice sheet evolution.Next,we summarise the previously published ice load models and demonstrate the RSL curves based on combinations of different ice and earth models.The RSL curves calculated by GIA models indicate that the model dependence of both the ice and earth models is significantly large at several sites where RSL observations were obtained.In particular,GIA predictions based on the thin lithospheric thickness show the spatial distributions that are dependent on the melted ice thickness at each sites.These characteristics result from the short-wavelength deformation of the Earth.However,our predictions strongly suggest that it is possible to find the average ice model despite the use of the different models of lithospheric thickness.By sea level and crustal movement observations,we can deduce the geometry of the post-LGM ice sheets in detail and remove the GIA contribution from the crustal deformation and gravity change observed by space geodetic techniques,such as GPS and GRACE,for the estimation of the Antarctic ice mass change associated with recent global warming.     

基于Elman型神经网络的金川二矿地表岩移时序预测模型

建立于煤矿开采基础之上的矿山开采沉陷理论和预测方法并不适用于象金川这样厚大、陡倾的金属矿床开采的岩移问题,因此,本文探讨利用神经网络来对地表岩移进行预测。根据Elman神经网络能够逼近任意非线性函数的特点和具有反映系统动态特性的能力,提出了利用Elman神经网络建立地表岩移时序预报模型的方法。利用金川二矿区GPS监测所得到的时间序列数据,通过对Elman神经网络模型预测值与GPS实测值之间的比较,结果表明模型预测显示了良好的准确性,特别是在时间步长较短情况下,应用于实际预测一定程度上可以弥补金属矿山岩移预测方法不足的缺憾。     

GPS滑坡位移监测精度影响因素简析

GPS位移监测技术已被广泛用于滑坡地质灾害监测预警工作中。三峡库区典型滑坡以GPS监测数据、野外踏勘和深部位移等资料为基础,对GPS监测影响进行研究,结果表明：监测点尤其是基准点被遮挡,采集到的数据存在严重误差,对滑坡变形分析影响巨大。     

Monitoring Crustal Movement of the Coastal Zone in Eastern China with GPS Technique

In this paper, various dominating factors affecting crustal movement of the coastal zone in eastern China are analyzed, and major characteristics of crustal movement are summarized. Subduction of the pacific plate and Philippine plate and southeastward “escape“ of Qinghai-Tibet plateau are believed to be dominating factors affecting crustal movement of that zone. Undoubtedly, it is a best way to monitor this kind of large-scale crustal movement with GPS technique. The feasibility of monitoring crustal m...     

祁连山北缘—河西走廊地区大地形变与地震的关系

河西走廊—祁连山北缘地区地处青藏高原北缘,受印度板块与欧亚板块中生代末—新生代早期的碰撞及持续至今的向北推挤作用的远程效应的影响,该地区是现今的地壳活动地区,其中地壳形变是最主要的表现形式。地壳形变监测显示,隆起区垂直位移速率最大可达15mm/a,沉降区最大位移速率为-15mm/a。祁连山和河西走廊的相对隆升变化与该区地震具有密切的关系,河西走廊相对下降、祁连山相对隆升的后期是地震多发时期,河西走廊相对隆升、祁连山相对下降的后期是地震少发时期,这与该区处于挤压体制下的区域构造背景密切相关。GPS水平位移监测显示,河西走廊—祁连山北缘地区全区都一致向东位移,且位移速率非常大,大者大于10mm/a;位移速率具有南部大于北部、东部大于西部的特点,水平位移速率变化与现代活动断裂具有非常密切的关系,并以主要断裂构造为区带的边界;水平位移速率矢量与2002年玉门地震的震源机制解所显示的沿地震破裂面发生的滑动方向非常一致。     

汶川地震地形形变监测与分析

地形形变监测与分析对于研究汶川地震对震区及青藏板块地形变化的影响有重要意义。通过收集相关监测点的汶川地震前后地形形变数据,采用统一模式进行数据处理,将震前与震后的形变监测成果归算到ITRF2005参考框架和2008.363（2008年5月12日）历元,计算得到震中区域的大地基准造成严重破坏,监测点形变位错,水平位移量达243 cm,沉降量达68 cm,隆起量达36 cm。并对汶川地震地形形变监测进行分析,认为位于“映秀镇—北川—青川”断裂带西侧块体呈现向东南方向移动并呈现隆起趋势;东侧块体向西北方向移动并呈现下沉趋势;北侧块体向东北方向移动,南侧块体向西南北方向移动,块体两侧形成了明显挤压形态。上述研究为进一步揭示汶川地震产生的机理和龙门山断裂带的活动提供了良好基础。     

三峡库区山区城镇重大地质灾害监测预警示范研究

以三峡库区羊角场镇为例,在地质调查基础上,利用伸缩位移计、应力计等常规地面监测设备,对地表裂缝相对位移和危岩体基座应力进行监测,并结合GPS静态和实时动态测量等技术,开展了角反射器干涉测量技术（CR-InSAR）和高相干InSAR技术在复杂山区地质灾害大范围调查与识别应用,从点到面、从大型危岩体到区域地表形变全覆盖。各种方法监测结果较为一致,有效实现了典型山区城镇地质灾害变形的高精度、动态立体化监测。      

Active extension of the Shanxi rift,north China: does it result from anticlockwise block rotations?

The Shanxi rift is an intraplate extensional zone in the North China Block. Active extension has previously been considered to result from anticlockwise block rotation, with successive indentation of the Indian plate toward the Eurasian plate. However, GPS data show that the entire North China Block is moving coherently from WNW to ESE, indicating that no significant block rotations presently exist along the two sides of the rift. We use a viscoelastic model to predict that its active extension might be caused by intraplate deformation localization with lateral changes of the crustal rheological structures. A model result shows that for the ESE movement of the North China Block, the existing topographical loading and crustal weakness could have resulted in the obvious long‐term extension of the Shanxi rift even without different block rotations. The surface extension rate approximated from lateral inhomogeneous crustal models is ～ 0.5–1.4 mm yr^?1, consistent with observed geological and seismological extension rates.     

GPS变形监测平差计算及不确定度分析

全球定位系统（GPS）是一种全天候、高精度的连续定位系统,它以速度快、方法灵活多样、操作简便等优势被广泛应用于工程测量和变形监测中。结合水厂铁矿GPS边坡变形监测实例,对GPS监测网的星历预报、基线向量平差计算、网平差计算、结果及残差不确定度进行了细致分析研究,以验证GPS技术在边坡变形监测中的可靠性和精度。