Automatic identification of fake patterns caused by short-width wavelets in seismic data

Despite the popularity of using the Haar wavelet filter in many applications, it sometimes introduces fake patterns into the multi resolution analysis (MRA) of seismic data. In this work, we compared different wavelet filters to demonstrate that these patterns are fake and not part of the original waveforms and to show that they are a result of using the Haar wavelet filter as a short-width wavelet. To achieve this, many seismic waveforms from two different sources: the Egyptian National Seismic Network (ENSN) and the High Sensitivity Seismograph Network Japan (Hi-net) are used with different wavelet filters. We propose an algorithm based on an autoregressive (AR) model to detect these patterns automatically and fully.     

Algorithms for data analysis in gravitational-wave experiments

The detection of gravitational radiation from relativistic objects in the Universe is discussed. Modern programs designed to search for such signals based on current astrophysical concepts about the nature of the sources are considered. A comparative analysis indicates that available gravitational-wave detectors, whose sensitivity to metric perturbations is on the order of 10^?21, are unlikely to be able to detect cosmic gravitational waves. However, the detector sensitivity can be increased using a multichannel method to search for astro-gravitational correlations, in which the noise background of the gravitational-wave detectors is analyzed in parallel with data from neutrino and gamma-ray detectors.     

A Preliminary Study on Dust Grains in the Stratosphere

Collected by means of a high-altitude scientific balloon and a self-made automatic sample collector,a total of 276 dust grains were selected for the study of shape,grain size and optical property.Some of the grains were examined by X-ray diffraction and electrom microprobe techniques,The stratospheric dust grains can be classified as 6 types:cosmic dusts,cosmic dusts(?),microtektite,natural pollutants,artificial pollutants and the unknown substances.The different types of dust grains have different characters and distinguishing symbols.Widespread in the space of the solar system,cosmic dusts are the initial substances of the solar system and ,to some degree,have recorded a great wealth of information on the early history of the solar system.So they have become one of the important objects in the field of cosmochemistry at present time,Since the 1960‘s,scholars of many countries have collected cosmic dusts both in the space near the earth(using rock ets,space probes and space shuttles)and in the stratosphere (using high-altitude balloons or U-2air planes).According to the shape(the scanning electron microimage),element composition(the energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum)and optical properties of dust grains,the substances in the stratosphere can be classified as 5 types:cosmic dusts,alumina spheroids,terrestrial artificial pollutants,terrestrial natural pollutants and unknown substances(CDPET,1982).     

释光测年中环境剂量率影响因素研究

释光测年中影响环境剂量率（D）的主要因素包括含水量、宇宙射线、a值（α辐射相对于γ辐射产生释光的效率）和氡逃逸等。为研究这些影响因素对D值的影响程度,采用不同的参数值对一个假定U、Th和K含量已知的样品进行了较详细的定量计算。研究结果表明,含水量变化对环境剂量率影响最大,影响程度甚至可达50%以上;其次为宇宙射线的影响,最大可达近15%;氡逃逸的影响最多不超过8%;而a值通常取固定值,产生的影响则相对小的多。      

反射宇宙中子测量技术探索研究

本文论述了宇宙中子、反射宇宙中子的形成过程和反射宇宙中子测量装置的研制。对入射宇宙中子流和反射宇宙中子流的测量与研究 ,可为揭示大气环境和解决工程地质问题提供一种新的方法和手段     

Discovery of Cosmic Spherules from the Mesoproterozoic Strata and its Significance—in Case of the Ming Tombs Area, Beijing

This study covers cosmic spherules derived from the Mesoproterozoic Dahongyu Formation in the Ming Tombs area, Beijing. The cosmic spherules include iron oxide cosmic spherules, carbonaceous chondrites, and atomic iron “steely bead”-shaped cosmic spherules. The mineral assemblage of silicon carbide, forsterite, zircon, and glass spherules and fragments were picked from melt-silicified carbonate of the Mesoproterozoic Dahongyu Formation (ca. 1625 Ma). Cosmic spherule assemblages are solely discovered from sedimentary rocks in China. Platinum group elements (PGE) were determined for the first time in cosmic spherules and associated minerals. PGE comparative observation between meteorite and cosmic spherules is presented in this study. It is recognized that an extraterrestrial meteorite impact event might have occurred in the Dahongyu Stage. The main evidence is a large number of iron cosmic spherules in silicified oncolitic limestone, and associated cosmic silicon carbide, glass spherules, and fragments, as well as the presence of forsterite. The impact-volcanic crater is characteristic of a big black shale block dropped into the bended silicified limestone.     

基于十进制遗传算法的含水层参数的反演

含水层参的反演是一个复杂的非线性优化问题，针对传统二进制遗传算法收敛性能差的缺陷，提出了反演含水层参数的十进制遗传算法.以直线隔水边界附近的井流模型为例，讨论了十进制遗传算法在含水层参数反演中的应用，并与二进制遗传算法的进行比较.结果表明，该方法在含水层参数的反演中不仅是可行的，而且具有较好的确定性和较高的精度;与二进制遗传算法相比，十进制遗传算法的收敛性较好，省时高效，且表示较为自然，容易引入相关领域知识.同时，结合实例的分析结果得出种群的规模对算法的收敛性没有明显的影响。     

反射宇宙中子法的应用研究

摘要：反射宇宙中子法是一种工程物探新方法。本文论述了宇宙中子、反射宇宙中子的形成过程和反射宇宙中子测量装置的研制及其初步应用。由于反射宇宙中子法不受工业电、磁的干扰和不对民用建筑产生破坏,因而该方法在工业和民用建筑密集区进行工程地质填图,可显示其优越性。     

大连金石滩现代沉积中首次发现宇宙球粒

金石滩是大连地区的国家级风景旅游地,在玫瑰园景点的现代沉积物研究中,首次发现了铁质宇宙球粒,而且含量较多,在2.4 kg(<0.5 mm)的砂样中分离出18个宇宙球粒,其大小介于158～423μm,大多数宇宙球粒的表面具有典型的融熔-分凝构造,按其表面化学成分可分为:Fe质、Si-Al-Fe质、Cr-Fe质和Ti-Fe质等4种;笔者特别对其中的Ti-Fe质宇宙颗粒的成分及矿物演变进行了研究,认为宇宙球粒快速冷凝化学分异可在磁铁矿边缘形成钛磁铁矿;对大连、西藏泽当现代沉积物中、太平洋深海现代沉积物中,以及北京十三陵元古宙沉积岩中的宇宙球粒进行了比较,结果表明它们在化学成分上虽有差别,但在颗粒大小和表面结构上是类似的。     

The motions of galaxies in the field of the cosmic vacuum

The general solution and general integral of the equations of motion in the field of the cosmic vacuum are constructed. It is shown that the resulting motions of galaxies are along either hyperbolic or rectilinear paths. The laws of motion of galaxies in the field of the cosmic vacuum are formulated. Various forms of the Hubble law are considered. A strict adherence to the Hubble law is not possible for most initial conditions in the sense of the Lebesgue measure. Therefore, it becomes meaningless to search for explanations to deviations from the Hubble law due to any physical factor, apart from the repulsive force of the cosmic vacuum. Phase portraits for the galaxy motions are constructed. It is shown that the Hubble constant should be determined observationally using the most distant galaxies, since the accuracy of the result will be reduced otherwise.     

Axi-symmetric active earth pressure obtained by the slip line method with a general tangential stress coefficient

The axi-symmetric active earth pressure problem has been investigated by several researchers. Most have suggested that it is reasonable to adopt the Haar & von Karman hypothesis in the slip line method. In this study, a general tangential stress coefficient is used instead of the Haar & von Karman hypothesis in the slip line method, and its effect on the earth pressure is discussed. We find that the hypothesis is reasonable when the soil behind the wall fails completely. Using earth pressures when the soil behind the wall begins to fail is better in practice. The earth pressure is expressed with earth pressure coefficients and the coefficients are presented in figures for practical use.     

识别多类异常的句法模式识别方法

本文介绍识别多类异常的句法模式识别方法。它将异常值分段(或分小区间)并提取特征,根据特征值确定基元,然后将异常表示成链。用已知异常的链设计最近邻分类器,通过它对未知异常进行分类和识别。文章中仅对异常识别给出了特征值的提取,链的形成以及求不同长度链之间距离的算法。     

焦作矿区太原组宇宙尘的发现及其特征

<正> 宇宙尘的研究,有助于了解太阳系的起源与演化;有助于地层的划分与对比和估计沉积速率等。1876年莫雷(Murray)描述宇宙尘微球粒以来,一些科学家也在深海沉积物中发现了这种磁性微球粒,同时利用现代技术在高空中也收集到微球粒,证实了宇宙尘的存     

Cosmic radiation influence on the physiological state of aviators

Aviation personnel exposure to cosmic radiation and its biological effects has been an interesting subject for research over the last decade. In this study, scientific groups from Greece, Slovakia, and Bulgaria collaborated in order to examine the potential effects of cosmic radiation on the cardiovascular functionality of a group of Slovak aviators. Specifically, daily data concerning mean values of arterial diastolic and systolic blood pressure, which were registered during the medical examinations of the group of aviators, were related to daily variations of cosmic ray intensity, as measured by the Neutron Monitor Station on Lomnicky Stit. Statistical methods (analysis of variance—ANOVA and method of superimposed epochs) were applied in order to establish a statistical significance (p-values) of the effect of cosmic ray intensity variations on the aforementioned physiological parameters not only on the days of the events but also on the days preceding and following these events. Results reveal that diastolic and systolic blood pressure can be influenced by changes in cosmic ray activity.     

Discovery of Cosmic Dust in Gold Deposits in Northwestern Sichuan and Its Significance

Abstract In recent years, a considerable amount of microscopic spherules have been found in concentrates recovered from some stratabound gold deposits occurring in Middle-Upper Triassic turbidite series in northwestern Sichuan. Study indicates that these spherules are cosmic dust. It is the first time that cosmic dust of extraterrestrial origin has been found in hydrothermal gold deposits in China. The spherules are steel-grey in colour and show metallic luster. Their grain size is commonly less than 100 μm. According to their composition, they belong to chromium - rich iron cosmic dust. The spherules have complex and diverse microscopic structures and textures, i.e. they show a very distinct Widmanstāten structure. The variation of cosmic dust content in gold deposits exhibits a positive correlation with the mineralization intensities and hydrothermal alteration. Such a relation indicates that the ore substances may transport not only mechanically but also may chemically in hydrothermal solutions.     

吉林省南部宇宙尘的化学组成特征

在吉林省南部元古宇石英岩内发现磁性微球粒３９２枚,根据其产状,形貌及一般特征,微结构和化学组成表明为陨石消融型宇宙尘,由４亚４小类组成一个宇宙尘系列,（１）金属球粒;（２）纯铁球粒,（ｂ）ＦＣＮ型（天然不锈钢）球粒;（２）氧化物球粒（ａ）普通铁质宇宙尘（ｂ）铬铁氧化物球粒;（３）玻璃质球粒;（４）氧化物－金属过渡型球粒,其母体要能是一分异的ＦＣＮ型石－铁陨石质陨星体,核部为ＦＣＮ合金,经消融分异作     

Formation of a string and pool topography as expressed by morphology, stratigraphy and current processes on a mire in Kuusamo, Finland

A review is made of earlier work and theories on a formation of string mires, together with a report on detailed investigations carried out over seven years on a small string ( aapa ) mire in eastern Finland, to determine the applicability of earlier hypotheses on the explanation of string and pool patterning. Attention is paid to the topography of the surface and bottom of the mire and to the peat and pollen stratigraphy. Results are presented of year-round temperature measurements and long sequences of snow and frost depth readings from both pools and strings. Snow depth is shown to be a decisive factor in ground frost formation. The strings are shown by a series of repeated Geodimeter measurements to move partly upslope, partly downslope and partly in a sideways direction. The maximum cumulative movement recorded was about 1 m in seven years. Some of the pools remained unfrozen even in midwinter because of groundwater flow. Uneven retention and discharge of the surface water causes the strings to be in a labile state and promotes their movement. The initial formation of the string and pool topography is dated to 2,000–3,000 radiocarbon years B.P. and attributed to a rise in the groundwater table due to climatic change. The resulting fluviodynamics of the mire surface led to the accumulation of loose material into ramparts at the spring flood season and led in time to differential peat formation conditions, progressive peat accumulation on the strings, and regressive peat degradation in the pools. Thus the strings became higher and the pools deeper. The authors believe the importance of frost action, ice expansion and solifluction on the development of string and pool patterns is frequently overestimated.     

用双正交小波实现有限脉冲信号的滤波

小波分析是一种时间-频率的分析方法，它具有多分辨分析的特点，而且在时频两域都具有表征信号局部特征的功能，因此被称为数学中的“显微镜”。紧支撑正交小波除了Haar小波外不具有线性相位，因此用双正交样条小波和Mallat塔式算法对有限脉冲信号进行了分解与重构。基于小波变换相当于频率域的带通滤波原理，尝试了在时间域对有限脉冲信号利用小波变换进行了滤波，并用一个数学模型做验证，基本上压制了需要消除的波形，并在其中讨论了双正交样条小波的阶次问题。     

宇宙尖晶石与地球尖晶石的比较

本文就宇宙尖晶石的形态，化学组成，及产状特征作了概要性论述，对它的成因机制 作了介绍；并和地球尖晶石作比较，表明它们之 间的成因和形成条件的差异，突出了宇宙尖晶石的特点，即宇宙尖晶石为陨石物质在大气氧化过程中结晶而成，无例外的都有一个较高的氧化态和高镍含量。在地质纪录中宇宙尖晶石的发现具有双重意义，它既是地外物质的标志，又反映了增生事件独特的形成环境。