昆仑山口西8.1级地震前地震活动异常图像初步研究

通过对昆仑山口西8．1级地震前较大范围的5级以上地震活动性研究，发现地震前空间上存在着5级地震围空和条带现象，时间进程上出现了5级地震活动增强以及GL值高值波动变化现象。还分析讨论了中国大陆几次8级地震后中国西部强震活动特点，认为新疆地区今后几年6级以上地震活动可能处于相对活跃状态。     

昆仑山口西Ms8.1级地震前地电阻率资料异常变化分析

通过对山丹地电阻率资料分析处理发现：在昆仑山口西8.1级地震前，地电阻率资料存在着4个月的短期异常，并与高台应变资料有同步的临震异常变化。     

昆仑山口西8．1级地震前后青藏块体东北缘地下流体前兆特征

分析了昆仑山口西8．1级地震前后青藏块体东北缘地区地下流体前兆资料，研究了水化学、水物理前兆所表现的异常特征。认为在8．1级地震前，流体前兆的响应范围大，异常持续时间长，异常的同步性好；8．1级地震后，流体前兆出现大幅度调整，伴随着这一地区的一系列中强以上地震的连发，表明了青藏块体整体活动水平在逐步增强。通过对比青藏块体东北缘地区跨断层形变测量、重力和地磁等观测结果，对这种类型异常产生的物理机制进行了初步讨论。     

昆仑山口西8.1级地震前地震活动图像演化特征

8．1级地震发生前地震活动性图像显示出多种异常形态，地震背景空区、地震条带、小震活动平静等地震活动性异常配套出现。余震集中区远离主震震中，并在地表形成350km的破裂形变带。8．1级地震后东昆仑断裂带中段出现中等地震平静，应力场呈闭锁状态，有较强地震的孕育迹象。     

昆仑山口西8.1级地震远场异常

2001年11月14日在我国大陆昆仑山地震带发生8．1级巨大地震,对该次地震前四川地区所出现的异常进行了分析。这类来自于震源外围地区与地震地质构造有关的信息与巨大地震的孕育－发生－发展的过程相呼应,是强震震源的一种场异常效应。这种远场异常效应包含了“孕育效应”、“震时效应”和“震后效应”。     

昆仑山口西8.1级地震调查

据我国地震台网测定 ,2 0 0 1年 1 1月 1 4日在新疆、青海交界的昆仑山布喀达坂峰附近 ,即昆仑山口西发生ＭＳ8 1地震 ,震中位于北纬 3 6 2°,东经 90 9°。这是自 1 951年 1 1月 1 8日西藏当雄 8级大地震以来 ,在我国大陆发生的最大一次地震。震后 ,中国地震局工程地震研究中心同铁道部第一勘察设计院、中国地震局兰州地震研究所迅速组成联合调查组对地震地表破裂带和工程震害进行了调查。野外考察表明 ,昆仑山口西 8 1级地震位于昆仑山南麓近东西向展布的昆仑山断裂上 ,这条地震断层以左旋走滑破裂为主 ,兼有少量的逆冲滑动分量 ,最大左…     

昆仑山口西8.1级地震在四川地区的前兆异常效应

对昆仑口西8.1级地震发生前后四川地区地震前兆监测台网的测值曲线进行了系统的清理，发现存在有明显的孕震效应和震时效应，异常效应的幅度很大，容易鉴别，这对人类认识特大地震的影响场很有意义。     

青藏块体中北部7级以上地震前地震活动特征

大地震前地震活动平静是国内外地震界普遍关注的前兆现象之一。Mogi(1969)首先对这一现象进行了研究，之后，Ohtake(1981)、Wyss(1988)以及宋俊高等(1994)均在这些方面进行过工作。本文分析了青藏块体中北部地区1920年以来7级以上地震前的中强地震活动空间分布图像，发现在强震前2年，震中附近存在明显的Ms5．0．6．9地震的空缺或平静。     

青藏块体近期地震活动特征

本文研究了青藏块体近期地震活动两个显著的现象;中强地震自印度板块北部由南向北的地震扩展迁移现象和中强震空间分布的北东向地震条带及其相关现象,探讨了其形成的物理机制,分析了它们的发展趋势,据此对本区地震活动趋势进行了预测。     

青藏块体东北缘断层气体异常与地震的关系

本文研究了青藏块体东北缘４个测点断层气体的异常变化与地震活动的关系。１９９２年－１９９３年各测点断层气组分普遍出现异常，主要表现为测值突跳、上升变化，各测点及各组份异常有明显的同步性特征。本文着重介绍了１９９３年１０月２６日托来６．０级地震前多观测点断层气体的异常情况。最后，本文还对断层气体的场效应作了初步探讨。     

Gravity variation before Kunlun mountain pass western M_s=8.1 earthquake

AbstractThe relation between the gravity variation features and M_S=8.1 earthquake in Qinghai-Xizang monitoring area isanalyzed preliminarily,by using spatial dynamic variation results of regional gravity field from absolute gravityand relative gravity observation in 1998 and 2000.The results show that:1)M_S=8.1 earthquake in Kulun mountainpass western occurred in the gravity variation high gradient near gravity's high negative variation; 2)The maintectonic deformation and energy accumulation before M_S=8.1 earthquake are distributed at south side of theepicenter;3)The range of gravity’s high negative variation at east of the M_s=8.1 earthquake epicenter relativelycoincides with that rupture region according to field geology investigation; 4)Gravity variation distribution in highnegative value region is just consistent with the second shear strain’s high value region of strain field obtainedfrom GPS observation.     

2001年11月14日昆仑山口西8.1级地震前地震活动性异常及其思考s

2001年11月14日在昆仑山口西发生了8.1级地震，震中位置为90.9E、36.2N．分析表明，8.1级地震前一些主要地震活动性异常都出现了，例如空区、条带、增强、平静和震群等，且与7级大震比较，这些前兆图象的演变具有类似的过程，所不同的是8.1级地震的前兆地震活动图象涉及的区域范围更大、地震震级更高，这为特大地震的前兆识别和预报提供了依据．最后回顾了对这次大震的粗略预测，并讨论了有关大震预测的某些问题．      

Correlated Features of Horizontal Movement-Deformation on the North and East Margins of the Qinghai-Xizang Block before the Kunlun Earthquake with Ms=8.1

INTRODUCTIONThe Qinghai_Xizang(Tibet)blockis praised as a“piston”in the earth dynamics systemof theChinese mainland,andis regarded asthe hotspot in geoscience study all along.The occurrence of theMS8·1strong earthquake on November14,2001,inside the Qin…     

Horizontal crustal movement in Chinese mainland before and after the great Kunlun Mountain M=8.1 earthquake in 2001

Introduction The great Kunlun Mountain earthquake occurred on November 14, 2001 on the border be-tween Xinjiang and Qinghai in west China (36.2N, 90.9E). It was the largest earthquake oc-curred in Chinese mainland in the last 50 years. The Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) established in 1998 mainly for the purpose of earthquake prediction with only 25 fiducial stations for continuous GPS observations, has recorded the precious information of the crustal movement …     

Source process of the 14 November 2001 western Kunlun Mountain M_S=8.1 earth-quake

Introduction On November 14, 2001, a great earthquake occurred in the western Kunlun Mountain area(Figure 1). The original time is 09h26min10.0s (UTC); the hypocentral location is 35.95°N,90.54°E; focal depth is 10 km from USGS National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC);MS=8.1 from China Seismic Network and Mw=7.8 from Harvard and Earthquake Research Insti-tute (ERI), University of Tokyo. This earthquake, known as the western Kunlun Mountain earth-quake, is an extraord…     

Gravity evolution and earthquake activities of the northeastern edge of Qinghai-Xizang block

The relationship between temporal-spatial evolution of gravity and earthquake activity during 1992–2001 has been analyzed systematically by integrally adjusting the gravity observation data of the northeastern edge of Qinghai-Xizang (Qingzang) block. The result shows that the gravity observation data of the northeastern edge of Qingzang block obtained by using the uniform starting datum can completely reflect the precursory gravity information appearing during the seismogenic process. In the genesis stage of an earthquake, regional gravity anomaly appears in a large area, resulting in related local gravity anomaly. The dynamic image of gravity field can clearly reflect the orderly evolution and earthquake activity. Foundation item: Key Project of China Earthquake Administration during the tenth Five-year Plan (100501-05-05).     

Gravity evolution and earthquake activities of the northeastern edge of Qinghai-Xizang block

Introduction Earthquake is closely tied up with gravity on the basis of crustal deformation and crustaldensity change. With the accumulation of stress around the epicenter, the spatial position ofground point and density crustal medium will change with strain during the seismogenic processof an earthquake. All these factors will bring about the change of gravity field. Since the Xingtaiearthquake in China in 1966, mobile gravity measurements in a large scale and the studies ongravity var…     

Seismicity anomalies before the great earthquake of M_S=8.1 in the Kunlun Pass and its significance to earthquake prediction

Introduction The MS=8.1 earthquake occurred in west of the Kunlun Pass on November 14, 2001. It is the greatest earthquake occurred in China since the last half of the century and is an important event in recent seismic history of China. Some specialists consider that the earthquake occurred in the area where the earthquake monitoring capability is lowest in Chinese mainland; no striking precursory seismicity was found. The study on the precursory seismicity before the earthquake has not b…     

2008年汶川8.0级地震前横跨龙门山断裂带的震间形变

利用区域GPS和水准测量资料,结合地震构造背景的分析,本文研究2008年汶川8.0级地震前横跨龙门山断裂带地区的震间地壳形变,探讨引起这种形变的活动构造与动力学模式,并由此认识汶川地震的孕育与成因机制.主要结果表明：1997～2007年期间,自龙门山断裂带中段朝北西约230 km的地带内存在垂直于断裂的水平缩短变形、以及平行于断裂的水平右旋剪切变形,缩短率为1.3×10-8/a （即：0.013 mm/km/a）,角变形速率为2.6×10-8/a;同一地带在1975～1997年期间还表现出垂直上隆变形,上隆速率在龙门山前山断裂与中央断裂之间仅0.6 mm/a,而至龙门山后山断裂及其以西达2～3 mm/a.这些反映了在汶川地震之前至少10～30余年,龙门山断裂带中段的前山与中央断裂业已闭锁、并伴有应变积累.造成这种形变的主要原因是：以壳内的低速层为“解耦”带,巴颜喀拉地块上地壳朝南东的水平运动在四川盆地西缘受到华南地块的阻挡、转换成龙门山断裂带中段的逆冲运动;由于该断裂段的震间闭锁,致使西侧的巴颜喀拉地块的上地壳发生横向缩短以及平行断裂的右旋剪切变形.然而,龙门山断裂带北段在1997～2007年期间除了有大约0.9 mm/a的右旋剪切变形外,横向的缩短变形极微弱,这可能与该断裂段西侧的岷江、虎牙、龙日坝等断裂带吸收了巴颜喀拉地块朝东水平运动的大部分有关.另外,汶川地震前,横跨龙门山断裂带中段与北段的地壳形变特征的差异,与汶川地震时能量释放的空间分布吻合.     

2001年昆仑山8.1级大震及其趋势研究

通过对1996－2001年我国西部强震活动在时空上的有序特征及其与台湾强震之间关联性的研究，分析讨论了2001年昆仑山8．1级大震的重要意义。同时根据有序性分析对青藏块体北部地区未来7级强震趋势进行了预测。