大跨度悬索桥环境振动的双向TMD控制

对带有双向ＴＭＤ系统的大跨度悬索桥进行了空间非线性时程响应分析,探讨了ＴＭＤ参数对抑振效果的影响,分析结果显示,ＴＭＤ能够增大结构的表观阻尼,有较大的能量耗散作用,加速振荡的衰减,有效地抑振结构的振动,这表明,用ＴＭＤ技术对大跨度悬索桥的环境振动实施被动控制是一个有效的方法。     

设置TMD,TLD控制系统的高层建筑风振分析与设计方法

本文结合我国现行风荷载规范，研究设置ＴＭＤ、ＴＬＤ控制系统的高层建筑风振分析与抗风设计的实用方法。首先，ＴＭＤ、ＴＬＤ系统的风振控制效果归并到了受控结构的内荷载折减上；其次，导出了满足舒适度标准的结构动侧移界限的相应的计算公式；第三，比较了ＴＭＤ、ＴＬＤ系统的控制效果以及分别对高层钢和钢筋混凝土结构的控制效果；最后，通过大量的计算和分析，分别确定了ＴＭＤ、ＴＬＤ系统参数的最佳取值区间以及参数之间的     

可控TMD系统在造粒塔结构地震反应控制中的应用

根据高耸造粒结构具有旋转壳外形的特点,提出了一种环状半主动可控调频质量阻尼器（ＴＭＤ）系统,并以旋转壳理论编制了有限元程序,对ＴＭＤ系统的振动参数进行了计算。结果表明,可控ＴＭＤ系统具有显著的减震效果,为结构震后修复提供了一种经济,方便,适用,快捷的新途径。     

装有调谐质量阻尼器的高架桥梁的减震分析

调谐质量阻尼器（ＴＭＤ）是结构控制中发展起来的一种较成熟的控制装置。本文将ＴＭＤ减振技术运用于高架桥梁,建立了安装有ＴＭＤ的桥梁体系的分析计算模型,获得了其动力反应计算公式;探讨了ＴＭＤ装置对桥梁减震的有效性,并分析了ＴＭＤ动力参数对桥梁减震的影响。     

调谐质量阻尼器系统控制结构地震反应的若干问题

本文研究调谐质量阻尼器（ＴｕｎｅｄＭａｓｓＤａｍｐｅｒ，以下简称ＴＭＤ）用作抗震结构的防御体系时的一些问题，包括ＴＭＤ在结构上的最佳位置，ＴＭＤ频率的最佳值，ＴＭＤ对非调谐结构振型的影响和ＴＭＤ参数的灵敏度分析，这些问题的解决将为研究设置ＴＭＤ的结构的抗震设计方法提供理论依据。     

高层建筑地震反应最优多重TLD控制

本文以坑层建筑地震反应进行了最优多重ＴＬＤ（ＭＴＬＤ）ｓ控制研究。文中阐述了ＴＬＤ系统的工作原理笔ＭＴＬＤｓ系统的参数；建立了多层结构－ＴＭＬＤｓ系统耦联体系的运动方程；分析了ＭＴＬＤｓ系统的参数对在谐波作用下多层结构动力反应的影响以及各参数之间的关系。     

用主动调频质量阻尼器控制高层建筑的风致振动

本文提出了用于高层建筑风振动控制的主动调频质量阻尼器（ＡＴＭＤ）设计的一种简单方法。从ＴＭＤ的工作原理出发,在物理意义上显式定义主动控制力的构成,基于结构的ＳＤＯＦ模型和广义脉动风力的高斯白噪声假定,在频域的以最小化结构顶层位移方差为设计目标,对控制力增益进行参数优化,得出控制力增益的封闭解,文中提出了以维持ＴＭＤ行程恒定为目标进行参数选择的设计方案,一超高层建筑作为算例给出,数值分析表明,所设计     

高层建筑地震反应全反馈主动TMD控制理论研究

本文应用最近提出的全反馈主动控制法对高层建筑地震反应进行了全反馈主动ＴＭＤ（调谐质量阻尼器）控制的理论研究，考虑了实时控制过程中控制力的时间滞后效应，并通过数值模拟分析了不同的反馈形式以及不同的时间滞后量对主动ＴＭＤ控制效果的影响。最后得出结论：对高层建筑地震反应实施全反馈主动ＴＭＤ控制，既能更有效地降低结构的位移反应和速度反应，又能大幅度地降低结构的加速度反应；且当控制力时间滞后量较大时，对主动     

多层房屋结构TMD“加层减震”试验研究和应用

对某个６层框架进行了有,无ＴＭＤ结构的振动台对比试验,验证了ＴＭＤ对多层结构具有一定的减震效果。应用ＴＭＤ方法对某个７层框架结构进行了“加层减震”改造,分析表明,改造后的建筑与改造前相比,结构的底部剪力下降了约３０％。     

考虑土与结构相互作用效应的结构减震控制大型振动台模型试验研究

本文设计并完成了考虑土与结构相互作用的结构减震控制大型振动台模型试验。通过对四种结构形式的对比试验，探讨了土与结构相互作用（ＳＳＩ）效应对结构地震反应的影响以及调谐质量阻尼器（ＴＭＤ）在刚性和柔性地基条件下对主体结构的减震效应。通过比较同一地震动作用下主体结构在刚性和柔性两种地基条件下的地震反应，可知：ＳＳＩ效应具有降低和提高结构减震控制效果的双重作用，其综合效果与输入地震动的频谱特性、加速度峰值大小有关。由于ＳＳＩ效应在结构地震反应中发挥着双重的作用，因而使得基于刚性地基假定下设计的ＴＭＤ减震控制系统在柔性地基条件下的控制效果不太理想，甚至会出现负面效应。本文还探讨了在柔性地基条件下影响结构减震控制效果的一些因素。     

Influence of structural parameters on dynamic characteristics and wind-induced buffeting responses of a super-long-span cable-stayed bridge

A 3D finite element (FE) model for the Sutong cable-stayed bridge (SCB) is established based on ANSYS. The dynamic characteristics of the bridge are analyzed using a subspace iteration method. Based on recorded wind data, the measured spectra expression is presented using the nonlinear least-squares regression method. Turbulent winds at the bridge site are simulated based on the spectral representation method and the FFT technique. The influence of some key structural parameters and measures on the dynamic characteristics of the bridge are investigated. These parameters include dead load intensity, as well as vertical, lateral and torsional stiffness of the steel box girder. In addition, the influence of elastic stiffness of the connection device employed between the towers and the girder on the vibration mode of the steel box girder is investigated. The analysis shows that all of the vertical, lateral and torsional buffeting displacement responses reduce gradually as the dead load intensity increases. The dynamic characteristics and the structural buffeting displacement response of the SCB are only slightly affected by the vertical and torsional stiffness of the steel box girder, and the lateral and torsional buffeting displacement responses reduce gradually as the lateral stiffness increases. These results provide a reference for dynamic analysis and design of super-long-span cable-stayed bridges.     

Results from field testing A curved box girder bridge using simulated earthquake loads

This paper presents the results of a unique field test on a curved highway overpass. In the test, large horizontal loads were applied to the superstructure of the bridge and quickly released, causing the bridge to vibrate. The resulting large-amplitude vibrations were intended to be similar to the vibrations caused by earthquakes (horizontal accelerations of up to 25 per cent of gravity were measured on the bridge deck). Well-defined lateral, longitudinal, vertical and torsional vibration modes were identified from the test data. The vibration modes were used to verify an analytical model of the bridge's dynamic response. For this paper, the model was verified using only the fundamental vibration mode, which was primarily a horizontal vibration mode. Using a system identification procedure, the dynamic response model was adjusted until its frequency and mode shape matched the measured frequency and mode shape. Parameters in the verified model were compared with the same parameters calculated from information in the structural drawings. Because the fundamental mode represents a horizontal mode, the bridge parameters identified in this paper were those parameters which strongly influence the horizontal response of the bridge.     

基于碰撞调谐质量阻尼器的矮塔斜拉桥减震研究

以一座矮塔斜拉桥为研究对象,分析碰撞调谐质量阻尼器对于该结构的抑震效果。首先介绍了新型碰撞调谐质量阻尼器（Pounding Tuned Mass Damper,PTMD）的减震机理及基于接触单元的非线性碰撞力模型;之后,通过ANSYS软件中的APDL语言实现了PTMD减震系统的时域分析方法,并通过三条实际地震记录验证了PTMD的抑震效果。数值分析结果表明:（1）传统调谐质量阻尼器（tuned mass damper,TMD）及新型PTMD对于矮塔斜拉桥的位移、加速度及塔身弯矩响应均有较好的抑制效果;（2）PTMD相比传统TMD多了一种碰撞耗能模式,其减震效果略高于传统TMD。     

动臂式施工塔吊TMD地震响应控制与分析

虽然建筑施工周期内地震致险概率并不高,但是由于塔吊使用极其广泛,塔吊致险概率并不低于建筑结构,故而针对塔吊的减震措施亟需研究。本文以某实际超高层建筑施工使用的动臂式塔吊为研究对象,根据塔吊自身和附着于超高层建筑后的动力特性,研究了TMD装置的不同方案对塔吊地震响应的控制效果。结果表明:① TMD装置对于属于高耸结构的塔吊减震控制非常有效;② 设置在塔身顶部的双向TMD不仅可以有效减小塔身偏摆,也可以间接有效地控制起重臂的竖向振动;③ 由于超高层建筑-塔吊结构高阶振型影响明显,此TMD装置对塔吊塔身控制效果不稳定,但对于起重臂仍能起到良好的控制作用,故而此TMD装置可以使用在附着在超高层建筑上的施工塔吊,对于塔身的振动控制仍需进一步研究。     

中承式钢筋混凝土拱桥自振特性分析

利用有限元通用软件ANSYS,对一中承式钢筋混凝土拱桥进行了结构自振特性的数值模拟分析,求出了自振频率、振型等动力参数,对其模态特征进行了描述,并通过变换拱桥的主要结构参数对比分析了它们对结构自振特性的影响.结果表明:自振频率随矢跨比的减小略有提高;横撑有助于增强拱肋的横向刚度,减小拱肋面外振动,提高抗风稳定性;各振型的自振频率值随拱肋刚度的提高近似成线性增大,可以通过改变拱肋刚度来调整其自振特性.研究结果可以为同类桥梁的抗震设计提供参考.     

考虑约束扭转的斜拉桥车激横向振动分析

利用有限单元法,基于力学原理和几何协调条件,导出了非对称箱型截面梁单元的弯扭耦合刚度矩阵,建立了斜拉桥在车辆荷载作用下的横向动力分析模型。由于考虑了箱梁的约束扭转,该模型能够分析复线或多线铁路桥在偏载作用下的横向振动问题。以桥梁轨道随机不平顺作为激振源,进行了机车过桥的实例分析。计算结果表明,桥梁的车激横向动力响应随车速及轨道不平顺样本的不同而变化,并随桥跨的增加而快速变得显著,车辆偏载对箱梁扭转振动有显著影响,所建立的力学模型是斜拉桥车桥耦合振动分析的实用模型。     

铁路大跨度简支钢桁梁桥车-桥耦合振动研究

桥梁作为线路工程中不可或缺的重要枢纽,对列车通过桥梁时,桥梁和车辆之间相互作用的问题迫切需要做出解答,特别是针对铁路钢桁梁,并考虑大跨度简支特性的车-桥耦合振动问题研究更具有一定的理论与实际意义。以黄韩侯铁路新黄河特大桥156 m简支钢桁梁桥作为工程背景,建立车辆动力模型、桥梁有限元模型并考虑轮轨关系,以蛇形运动和轨道不平顺作为系统的自激激励源,利用大型有限元软件ANSYS以及UM(Universal Mechanism)动力学分析软件联合进行仿真分析,实现单个机车、编组客车和编组货车以设计时速通过桥梁时对大跨度简支钢桁梁桥车-桥耦合振动的研究。经过计算分析得出:大跨度钢桁梁桥的横向刚度相对较小;不同编组情况以设计时速通过桥梁时,车辆和桥梁的各项动力响应参数均在规范允许的范围之内;编组货车通过桥梁时,桥梁跨中横向、竖向加速度较之其他编组情况要大。     

Ambient vibration survey of the fatih sultan mehmet (second Bosporus) suspension bridge

Ambient accelerations due to dynamic excitation by wind and traffic were measured on the deck, towers, cables and hangers of the Fatih suspension bridge. From these measurements it was possible to obtain natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios for vertical, lateral, torsional and associated modes in the deck and tower up to a maximum of 2 Hz. The objective of the test was to validate the mathematical modelling used in seismic analyses of the bridge. The agreement between the experimental and theoretical modes was acceptable for vertical modes below 1 Hz, and for torsional modes, but it was difficult to identify the lateral modes due to low levels of response. The dynamic behaviour of this bridge and two other major European suspension bridges is discussed in relation to the differences in loading and structural design.     

Coupled lateral-torsional behaviour of frame structures under earthquake loading

A series of parametrically defined experimental model structures has been tested under earthquake base loading using the SERC national U.K. earthquake simulator. The models have been designed with variable ratios of torsional to lateral stiffness, and with both symmetric and asymmetric mass distributions. This paper first describes the tests carried out to determine the basic dynamic model properties and the establishment of idealized analytical models which give accurate predictions of model behaviour under steady-state loading and free-vibration conditions. Secondly, a detailed discussion is made of the two highly coupled structural models having uncoupled torsional to lateral frequency ratio R_f = 1.2, commenting on the ability of the modal analysis procedures to predict accurately the maximum recorded responses. It is concluded that the theory underestimates the significance of the fundamental torsional mode of vibration in the combined structural response, and overestimates the contribution of the first lateral mode. These effects compensate each other on the side of the structure which is most severely affected by torsional response, but produce large inaccuracies on the side of the building which is commonly assumed to be affected beneficially by torsional coupling.