斜磁化磁异常处理方法分析

受斜磁化的影响,磁异常特征复杂、不便于解释.强剩磁的存在、低纬度化极的困难等问题常常迫使人们直接针对斜磁化磁异常开展处理与反演.为了减小斜磁化的影响,磁异常总梯度模、分量模、磁异常梯度张量等处理方法得到广泛应用.本文基于理论分析,结合模型实验,分析现有斜磁化磁异常处理方法的优缺点,指出磁异常总梯度模、分量模、磁异常梯度张量等处理方法可能引起错误的地质解释,而采用适当的化极计算则可以明显改善解释效果.     

各向异性标准化方差计算重磁源边界

在重磁源边界定位方法中,传统的梯度方法易受干扰的影响使计算的边界混乱,而且在弱异常处由于叠加异常的影响很难识别场源边界.本文首先利用坐标旋转构造了各向异性高斯函数,提出了各向异性标准化方差计算重磁源边界的方法.理论分析与模型实验详细阐明了该方法的数学含义,并通过干扰分析验证了方法的稳定性与有效性,结合中扬子地区航磁异常...     

全张量磁梯度数据的斜导数特征值边界识别方法研究

本文提出了一种全张量磁梯度数据的斜导数边界识别方法,该方法利用全张量磁梯度数据定义了北向斜导数、东向斜导数和垂向斜导数.模型试验表明,北向和东向斜导数无法有效识别磁性异常体边界,异常形态复杂虚假异常较多,而垂向斜导数在高纬度斜磁化或者垂直磁化条件下可以清晰而准确得识别地质体的边界,具有一定的深度识别能力.与现有磁张量梯度的边界识别方法相比,识别效果好,可以有效均衡不同深度地质体的响应.将上述方法应用于大兴安岭地区实测航磁三分量数据转换得到的全张量数据,获得了研究区浅部磁性体的分布,并与三分量数据进行联合解释,取得良好的地质效果.     

给定观测精度下的点(线)源模型重力与磁力垂向识别能力研究

重、磁勘探具有效率高、成本低、工作范围广等优点,已在地球物理勘探中得到了广泛应用.前人大多在不考虑重、磁勘探观测精度的条件下进行了垂向识别能力的研究,但在考虑重、磁观测精度条件下,重力（重力异常、重力张量）与磁力（磁力异常、磁力三分量、磁力张量）对孤立异常的垂向识别能力如何则需要进行深入的理论研究.本文从重、磁场正演理论出发,以球体（点源模型）和无限延伸水平圆柱体（线源模型）为例,考虑给定观测精度条件下,以重力和磁力幅值大小与观测精度的关系来研究垂向识别能力,从而消除了背景场的影响,提高了研究结果的可靠度.通过研究表明,对于孤立异常,重力张量在浅部一定深度内比重力异常的垂向识别能力强,该深度与重力异常和重力张量观测精度的比值成正比;垂直磁化磁力张量在浅部一定深度内比化极磁力异常的垂向识别能力强,该深度与磁力异常与磁力张量观测精度的比值成正比;磁力在浅部一定深度内比重力的垂向识别能力强,该深度与地质体的磁化强度和剩余密度比值、重力观测精度和磁力观测精度比值成正比.通过重力和磁力垂向识别能力的研究将为重、磁勘探的实际应用起到指导作用.     

基于磁异常的边界特征增强方法对比研究

基于磁异常进行场源边界识别(如断裂划分)是磁法勘探解释工作的重要内容.由于受到斜磁化、场源埋深、异常叠加以及噪声等多种因素的影响,基于磁异常直接进行场源的边界识别往往难以准确识别出场源体的边界,所以,人们研究了各种场源边界特征增强的方法技术,以便于进行场源边界的识别工作.近年来,国内外出现了很多新的边界特征增强方法,但有些方法的边界特征增强效果与已有方法相近,有的方法效果有待深化检验,存在验证方法的理论模型过于简单,未全面细致地分析出它们的优缺点等问题.针对上述情况,本文运用多种复杂、贴近实际的理论模型,深入对比分析了包括解析信号模法和倾斜角法等在内的15种具有代表性的边界增强方法,分析了它们在不同磁化方向、不同场源埋深、不同场源形态、异常叠加和噪声干扰等多种因素影响下的边界增强效果,重点归纳总结出它们的优缺点和适用条件,以为实际应用时的方法选择提供参考.通过模型实验,我们认为解析信号模垂向导数法、总水平导数法、解析信号模倾斜角法是在多种因素影响下,适用性较强、应用效果较好的三种方法.     

给定观测精度下的点(线)源模型重力与磁力横向分辨能力研究

当相邻有两个或两个以上地质体时,重力(重力异常、重力张量)和磁力(磁力异常、磁力张量)就会产生叠加,这会对横向分辨多个地质体带来较大困难,因此需要对重力和磁力横向分辨能力进行深入的研究.本文从重、磁场正演理论出发,以球体(点源模型)和无限延伸水平圆柱体(线源模型)为例研究重力异常、重力张量、化极磁力异常以及垂直磁化磁力张量的理论横向分辨能力以及在给定观测精度条件下的实际横向分辨能力.通过研究表明,重力和磁力理论横向分辨能力随深度呈线性变化;给定观测精度下的重力和磁力实际横向分辨能力与形体质量、磁矩大小及观测精度呈正相关,且实际横向分辨能力随深度呈指数衰减变化.通过重力和磁力横向分辨能力的研究将为重、磁勘探的实际应用起到指导作用.     

磁张量梯度数据方向解析信号比值的边界识别和空间位置反演方法

磁张量梯度测量具有高分辨率、多参量的优点,能更准确地描述磁源体的分布特征,在矿产资源勘探中具有广阔的用途.磁异常解析信号具有受倾斜磁化干扰小的特点,且为了增强深部地质体的分辨能力,本文提出磁张量梯度数据的解析信号比值的均衡边界识别及空间位置反演技术.磁张量梯度数据的均衡边界识别方法为不同方向解析信号比值的反正切函数,在降低倾斜磁化干扰的同时能有效地均衡不同深度地质体的响应,提高了对较深地质体的分辨率;空间位置反演技术是建立解析信号比值与地质体位置参数的对应方程,利用解析信号比值与地质体的对应关系作为约束条件来反演获得地质体的水平位置和深度信息,具有无需已知任何先验信息的优势.通过磁性体张量异常试验表明解析信号比值的边界识别方法能清晰和准确地获得不同深度地质体的边界,所建立的反演方程能准确地计算出地质体的范围和深度,具有较高的水平分辨率和精度.将本文方法应用于实测磁张量梯度数据的解释,获得了地下铁矿的分布特征,为区域矿产资源潜力评价提供了翔实的基础资料.     

基于差分进化算法的磁梯度张量系统误差校正

针对磁梯度张量系统存在单传感器三轴非正交、三轴灵敏度不一致和零偏以及多传感器测量轴非对准误差等问题,本文提出了一种基于改进差分进化算法的误差校正方法.首先,详细描述上述误差并建立数学模型.然后,基于匀强磁场环境中磁梯度张量系统测得的总磁场为定值、同一方向测量轴输出一致、磁梯度张量分量与张量不变量等于零的特点,提出了基于改进差分进化算法的误差参数估计方法.不同于传统的磁梯度张量系统两步校正方法,该方法只需进行一步反演即可实现单传感器误差参数和多传感器非对准误差参数估计.仿真结果表明：与遗传算法和最小二乘拟合方法相比,本文方法具有较高的求解精度和搜索效率,且抗噪能力较强.实测数据校正结果表明,本文方法可以降低磁梯度张量系统误差引起的测量误差,测量精度得到明显改善.     

航磁梯度数据化极处理及其在不同纬度地区的适用性研究（英文）

本文通过理论推导说明航磁梯度数据应该进行化极及如何化极才能更好地应用于地质解释,本文针对梯度数据化极前后的总梯度模和水平梯度模的异常形态特征开展研究,设计了不同纬度地区地磁场方向和地质体磁化方向相一致,以及不一致的模型,并讨论梯度数据化极前后如何利用总梯度模和水平梯度模方法进行解释。认为在利用总梯度模方法判断地质体位置时,梯度数据或总场数据不进行化极处理的效果更好,从而尽可能地保证数据的原始真实性,利用水平梯度模在判断地质边界时需要进行化极处理才能达到预期的效果。最后通过实际数据的分析验证了本文设计的理论模型的正确性。这也为总梯度模和水平梯度模方法较好地应用于地质解释奠定了基础。     

全张量磁梯度数据解释的均衡边界识别及深度成像技术

全张量磁梯度数据具有高精度、高分辨率、多参量的优点,能更加清晰地刻画地质体的分布特征,综合利用磁张量梯度数据准确地获得地质体水平位置和深度信息是解释的主要目的.磁张量数据的方向解析信号具有减小倾斜磁化干扰的优点,常被用来圈定磁源体的水平位置,但解析信号强度随着地质体埋深的增加急剧衰减,难以有效识别较深的地质体.张量数据均衡边界识别技术,利用不同方向解析信号的比值函数,能有效地均衡不同深度地质体的响应,同时显示不同深度地质体的边界,提高了对较深地质体的分辨率.磁张量数据深度成像技术根据实测张量数据与假定模型张量数据的相关系数来给定地质体的深度,综合利用多参量数据联合反演提高了反演结果的准确性,且无需进行复杂的反演运算,是大数据量张量数据解释的有效方法.理论模型试验证明：磁张量数据均衡边界识别技术可清晰和准确地识别地质体的水平范围,受倾斜磁化干扰小;磁张量数据深度成像技术可准确地获得地质体的深度信息,具有较强的抗噪性.将上述方法应用于铁矿区实测航磁张量梯度数据解释,获得了铁矿体水平分布与埋深,深度结果与张量欧拉反褶积法计算结果一致.     

The effects of anisotropy of marine magnetic anomalies on the Curie point depth estimates from spectral analysis

Azimuthally averaged power spectra are widely used in the Curie point depth (CPD) estimation with the implicit assumption that the magnetization distribution is random and uncorrelated. However, the marine magnetic anomalies are caused by bands of normal and reverse magnetization and show obvious trends. To investigate the effects of the anisotropy of marine magnetic anomalies on the CPD estimates, we develop 3D fractal striped magnetization models to produce lineated marine magnetic anomalies for the first time. We analyze the spectra anisotropy of the lineated magnetic anomalies of the synthetic fractal striped magnetization models and investigate its effects on the CPD estimates. The synthetic models and actual data show that the spectra of the lineated marine magnetic anomalies are directionally anisotropic. The amplitude response is strong and the slope of the logarithmic spectrum is large in a direction perpendicular to the stripes of magnetic anomalies, whereas the amplitude response is weak and the slope of the logarithmic spectrum is small in a direction parallel to the stripes of magnetic anomalies. The depth estimates in the perpendicular direction are close to the actual values, whereas the depths estimates in the parallel direction are significantly lower than the actual values. The actual marine magnetic anomalies of the South China Sea exhibit an anisotropic power spectrum that is consistent with the spectral anisotropy of magnetic anomalies of the synthetic fractal striped magnetization models.     

Three-dimensional inversion of full magnetic gradient tensor data based on hybrid regularization method

Rapid developments in SQUID-based technology make it possible for geophysical exploration to direct measure, inverse and interpret magnetic gradient tensor data. This contribution introduces a novel three-dimensional hybrid regularization method for inversion of magnetic gradient tensor data, which is based on the minimum support functional and total variation functional. Compared to the existing stabilizers, for example, the minimum support stabilizer, the minimum gradient support stabilizer or the total variation stabilizer, our proposed hybrid stabilizer, in association with boundary penalization, improves the revision result greatly, including higher spatial and depth resolution, more clear boundaries, more highlighted images and more evident structure depiction. Moreover, suitable selection of model parameter λ will further improve the image quality of the recovered model. We verify our proposed hybrid method with various synthetic magnetic models. Experiment results prove that this method gives more accurate results, exhibiting advantages of less computational costs even when less prior information of magnetic sources are provided. Comparison of results with different types of magnetic data with and without remanence indicates that our inversion algorithm can obtain more detailed information on the source structure based on rational estimation of total magnetization direction. Finally, we present a case study for inverting SQUID-based magnetic tensor data acquired at Da Hinggan Mountains area, inner Mongolia, China. The result also certifies that the method is reliable and efficient for real cases.     

利用加强水平方向总水平导数对位场全张量数据进行边界识别

位场全张量梯度数据以其信息量大、含有更高频的信号成分,能更好地描述小的异常特征等优点在地球物理领域中得到广泛应用.边界检测是位场解释中不可缺少的任务,需要新的边界探测器来处理位场梯度张量数据.为了充分利用位场梯度张量数据的多信息成分,本文定义了方向总水平导数和加强方向总水平导数,并利用其定义新的边界检测器.为了能同时显示不同振幅大小异常的边界,本文对其进行了归一化处理.通过模型试验,证明了归一化方法能更加清晰准确地显示浅部和深部的地质体边界信息.最后将该边界检测方法用于加拿大圣乔治湾实际测得全张量重力梯度数据和中国朱日和地区的磁异常数据中,并得到了较好的边界检测结果.     

Analytic signal approach and its applicability in environmental magnetic investigations

We investigate the analytic signal method and its applicability in obtaining source locations of compact environmental magnetic objects. Previous investigations have shown that, for two-dimensional magnetic sources, the shape and location of the maxima of the amplitude of the analytic signal (AAS) are independent of the magnetization direction. In this study, we show that the shape of the AAS over magnetic dipole or sphere source is dependent on the direction of magnetization and, consequently, the maxima of the AAS are not always located directly over the dipolar sources. Maximum shift in the horizontal location is obtained for magnetic inclination of 30°. The shifts of the maxima are a function of the source-to-observation distance and they can be up to 30% of the distance. We also present a method of estimating the depths of compact magnetic objects based on the ratio of the AAS of the magnetic anomaly to the AAS of the vertical gradient of the magnetic anomaly. The estimated depths are independent of the magnetization direction. With the help of magnetic anomalies over environmental targets of buried steel drums, we show that the depths can be reliably estimated in most cases. Therefore, the analytic signal approach can be useful in estimating source locations of compact magnetic objects. However, horizontal locations of the targets derived from the maximum values of the AAS must be verified using other techniques.     

Separation of magnetic anomalies into induced and remanent magnetization contributions

Inversion of magnetic data is complicated by the presence of remanent magnetization, and it provides limited information about the magnetic source because of the insufficiency of data and constraint information. We propose a Fourier domain transformation allowing the separation of magnetic anomalies into the components caused by induced and remanent magnetizations. The approach is based on the hypothesis that each isolated source is homogeneous with a uniform and specific Koenigsberger ratio. The distributions of susceptibility and remanent magnetization are subsequently recovered from the separated anomalies. Anomaly components, susceptibility distribution and distribution of the remanent and total magnetization vectors (direction and intensity) can be achieved through the processing of the anomaly components. The proposed method therefore provides a procedure to test the hypotheses about target source and magnetic field, by verifying these models based on available information or a priori information from geology. We test our methods using synthetic and real data acquired over the Zhangfushan iron-ore deposit and the Yeshan polymetallic deposit in eastern China. All the tests yield favourable results and the obtained models are helpful for the geological interpretation.