内蒙古乌拉山地区沙德盖岩体年代学、地球化学特征及成因探讨

沙德盖岩体位于华北克拉通北缘中段、哈达门沟大型金（钼）矿田范围内。首次利用锆石 SHRIMP U-Pb法对其定年,获得15个锆石颗粒²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄的加权平均值（221.6±2.1） Ma（MSWD=1.6）,表明岩体侵位于印支中期。岩石地球化学特征表现为高硅（SiO₂质量分数为71.21%～73.67%）、富钾（K₂O/Na₂O为1.01～1.37）、富碱（K₂O+Na₂O为8.23%～9.96%）、弱过铝质（Al₂O₃为13.11%～14.31%）,里特曼指数σ=2.43～3.52,钙碱性-碱性;富集轻稀土（LREE/HREE为17.68～14.92,（La/Yb）|_N为22.85～16.58）和Eu略亏损（δEu=0.95～0.93）;微量元素亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti、Sr,富集K、La、Ce、Hf等元素,具有A型花岗岩特征;(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)i=0.705 31～0.702 29,(¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_i=0.511 682～0.511 620,ε_Nd(t)=-13.1～-14.3,具有壳源特点;钕两阶段模式年龄T_2DM=2 061～2 160 Ma,在铅构造模式图上样品投点于地幔与下地壳之间。综合分析认为其形成于同碰撞向后碰撞构造体制转换,伸展构造和幔源基性岩浆的底侵导致早期古老基底地壳部分熔融,很可能是形成沙德盖岩体的主要动力机制。华北克拉通北缘印支期构造岩浆活动及成矿作用是普遍存在的。     

Early Cretaceous A-type Granites in the Dandong Area,NE China and its Geodynamical Implications

A-type granites, as an important petrologic sign to build up environmental recognition, were mainly formed in extensional tectonic settings. A biotite syenogranite from the Fenghuangshan pluton in Dandong, Liaoning Province gave SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages of 122.5 ± 1.6 Ma, 124.9 ± 1.7 Ma and 126.9 ± 1.1 Ma. The monzogranites have SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages of 118.2 ± 1.6 Ma, 128.1 ± 1.7 Ma and 131.6 ± 1.9 Ma, giving an emplacement age for the pluton in the Early Cretaceous. SiO2 is 65.48–74.49 wt%, whereas that of K2O is 4.16–6.44 wt%, and that of Na2O is 2.99–4.70 wt%. They also contain 13.24–15.76 wt% of Al2O3, with an A/CNK ratio of 0.92–1.10, averaging 1.02. The alkalinity rate (AR) ranges from 2.68 to 5.12, and this range is within the AR of peraluminous type rocks. The granites of Fenghuangshan pluton are characterized by high contents of Na and K and low contents of Ca (thermophile element) and Mg, which are features of A-type granites. The (Na2O + K2O) ? Fe2O3* × 5 ? (CaO + MgO) × 5 discrimination diagram also shows that Fenghuangshan pluton is an A2-type granite. The above granite has zircon εHf(t) values ranging from ?17.06 to ?9.09, with single-stage Hf model ages (TDM) of 1141 Ma to 1498 Ma and two-stage Hf crustal model ages (TDMC) of 1762 Ma to 2263 Ma. A comprehensive analysis suggests that the Fenghuangshan pluton might have been formed from the lithospheric-plate sliding during the late stages of evolution of hot rift structures and might have been closely associated with the tectonic settings of Mesozoic Eurasia and the ancient Pacific Plate.     

Magmatism, Deep Processes and Gold Deposits in Eastern Hebei, China

ＴｈｅｅａｓｔｅｒｎＨｅｂｅｉＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅｏｆＣｈｉｎａｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍａｊｏｒｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｎｇａｒｅａｓｏｆｇｏｌｄｍｉｎｅｒａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｎｅａｓｔｅｒｎＣｈｉｎａ,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅ...     

东准噶尔卡拉麦里松喀尔苏岩体花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

东准噶尔地区岩浆活动丰富,侵入岩发育广泛.松喀尔苏岩体位于准噶尔东缘,卡拉麦里构造带南侧,岩体规模较小,主要由二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩组成.锆石U-Pb定年结果表明其形成年龄为(410.2 ±2.2) Ma(MSWD=0.30),是卡拉麦里构造带南缘首次报道的早泥盆世花岗质岩石年龄.从岩石地球化学成分上看,岩体主要为碱性...     

孙吴-嘉荫地区早中生代花岗岩的年代学、地球化学与成因

对小兴安岭北部孙吴-嘉荫地区早中生代花岗岩进行了年代学和地球化学研究,据此探讨其成因及形成的构造背景。锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果表明,研究区早中生代花岗岩分为晚三叠世和早侏罗世两期,形成时代分别为210 Ma和187~181 Ma。晚三叠世碱长花岗岩属铝质A型花岗岩,岩浆源区为新元古代从亏损地幔中增生的基性火成岩地壳。早侏罗世英云闪长岩-花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩属埃达克岩,是由加厚下地壳物质部分熔融形成的;正长花岗岩-碱长花岗岩与同期埃达克岩具明显不同的地球化学特征,岩浆源区为中元古代从亏损地幔中增生的基性地壳物质。结合区域地质构造演化特征,认为晚三叠世花岗岩是华北板块和西伯利亚板块碰撞造山后伸展构造环境下的产物,早侏罗世花岗岩的形成与古太平洋板块俯冲产生的挤压构造环境有关。     

南天山高钾钙碱性花岗岩年代学、岩石成因及其地质意义

南天山北缘乌什塔拉地区东泉戈壁岩体岩石类型为似斑状二长花岗岩及少量的镁铁质包体,锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年 结果显示,其形成时代为 305±1 Ma。岩石富碱(K2O + Na2O=7.58%~ 8.44%),富钾(K2O/Na2O=1.09~1.33),高 Mg(# 51.6~58.5), A/CNK 为 0.92~1.00 之间,属于准铝质高 Mg# 高钾钙碱性系列;富集轻稀土(LREE)、大离子亲石元素(Rb,K,Th,U), 亏损重稀土(HREE)、高场强元素(Nb,P,Ti),强烈亏损 Y(10.17×10-6~14.84×10-6)及 Yb(1.054×10-6~1.374×10-6), 弱—无的负 Eu 异常(0.60~0.99),总体表明东泉戈壁岩体为壳 - 幔岩浆混合成因,具有碰撞晚期花岗岩类的地球化学特点。 结合区域地质资料,东泉戈壁岩体的侵位表明在塔里木板块与伊犁—中天山板块碰撞造山作用晚期的挤压环境中,由于幔 源岩浆的底侵作用,使得下地壳底部物质发生部分熔融,并与幔源岩浆发生混合作用,指示南天山晚古生代残余海盆的闭合。 东泉戈壁壳 - 幔岩浆混合型花岗岩的确立表明晚石炭世南天山地区一次重要的地壳垂向生长事件。     

赣南狮吼山硫铁多金属矿区花岗岩地球化学、年代学特征及其成因

狮吼山矿区是江西省内规模最大的矽卡岩型硫铁多金属矿床,伴生W、Cu、Au多种成矿元素,成矿作用与矿区出露的茶山迳复式花岗岩体有关。岩体主要包括茶山迳似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩和莲湖细粒二长花岗岩两期,为研究成矿岩体的侵位时代、岩石成因及与成矿的关系,本次工作进行了U-Pb锆石定年、岩相学和岩石地球化学等测试分析。结果表明：岩体具有高硅、高钾、富铝的特征,属高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩;轻重稀土元素分馏明显,均为右倾型,弱Eu负异常,以富集Cs、Rb、Th、U、Pb,亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、和Ti等元素为主要特征,属于低Ba-Sr壳源花岗岩类;锆石具较好晶形,具典型岩浆锆石特征,利用LA-ICP-MS进行U-Pb测年,获得谐和年龄为（162.4±0.6）Ma（MSWD=1.8）,加权平均年龄为（162.4±1.4）Ma（MSWD=1.4）,谐和年龄与加权平均年龄在误差范围内高度一致,表明茶山迳复式岩体侵位于燕山早期中侏罗世;综合考虑岩体矿物组合、主微量元素及高分异特征,认为其成因分类应属于S型花岗岩;对比中国花岗岩成矿元素平均含量,茶山迳两期花岗岩均具有较高的W、Mo、Bi、Pb等成矿元素含量,可同时为成矿作用提供热源、流体及物质。     

华北陆块东北缘张三沟岩组SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年代学研究及其地质意义

出露于华北陆块东北缘的张三沟岩组为一套变质火山－沉积岩系,前人根据变质程度和地层对比将其划归古元古代。本文通过SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年代学研究,获得2517±9 Ma 、2518±7 Ma 和2534±26Ma原岩年龄,2439±24Ma、2464±73Ma和2433±71Ma变质年龄。这表明该套变质岩层形成于新太古代晚期,变质时代在新太古代末－古元古代初。结合区域资料,其变质年龄可能代表了古龙岗陆块与位于其北东侧的其它陆块（如佳木斯陆块）碰撞造山的时代,表明华北克拉通在新太古代末－古元古代初期经历过一次重要的克拉通化。     

Geochronology of Gold Deposits and Its Implication for Metallogenesis in the Fengxian-Lixian Area, Qinling Orogenic Belt, China

Abstract: A series of super large‐scale and large‐scale Pb and Zn, and Au deposits are distributed in the Qinling orogenic belt, China. Gold deposits were generally ascribed to Carlin‐type originated from circular meteoric water. Visible and coarse‐grained gold (up to over 3mm in grain size) was recently identified in some gold deposits in the Fengxian‐Lixian area, Qinling. Au‐bearing quartz lodes related to magmatism were discovered in the Xiaogouli gold deposit. Two types of Au‐bearing quartz veins, i.e., NW‐trending quartz veins and NE‐trending quartz veins cutting strata are widely present in the Baguamiao gold deposit. Both are spatially associated with each other. The former is generally snake–like, S‐shape or zigzag, which was resulted from plastic deformation by ductile shearing, being generally cut by the latter. The latter is generally linear with widely developed bleaching alteration zones in its adjacent wall rocks, which symbolizes the superimposition of brittle deformation and filling and metasomatism of magmatic hydrothermal solution in ductile shear zones after uplifting of the shear zones near the surface. The NW‐trending quartz veins contain Au of lower than 3ppm. The NE‐trending quartz veins contain Au of more than 3 ppm, so that NE‐trending quartz veins and the adjoining altered rocks are important ores. The NW‐trending Au–bearing quartz vein was dated as 210.61.26 to 232.581.59 Ma by ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar method, i.e., late Indosinian epoch (Triassic). The NE‐trending Au–bearing quartz vein was dated as 131.910.89 to 197.451.13 Ma by ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar method, i.e., Yanshanian epoch (Jurassic). The ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar age of the NW‐trending Au–bearing quartz veins represents the age of the ductile shear formation. The isotope data of the NE‐trending quartz veins indicate that gold mineralization was closely related to Indosinian and Yanshanian granite intrusives not only in time and space, but also in origin.     

内蒙古中部乌拉山地区西沙德盖岩体地球化学-年代学特征及其地质意义

内蒙古乌拉山地区西沙德盖岩体位于哈达门沟钼矿田范围内,大地构造位置处于华北克拉通北缘西段,岩性为正长花岗岩。地球化学特征表现为高硅(SiO2质量分数为7408%~7595%)、富钾(K2O/Na2O值为120~339)、富碱(K2O+Na2O为703%~846%)、弱过铝质(Al2O3的质量分数为1122%~1306%,A/CNK的值为1002~1284),里特曼指数指示为钙碱性;轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损(LREE/HREE为1984~2783),Eu明显亏损(δEu为036~053);微量元素富集Rb、Th、U、Pb、Zr、Hf、Sm等,亏损Ba、Ta、P、Ti,高场强元素Nb、Sr含量偏低,具有陆壳改造型花岗岩特征。利用LA ICP MS对西沙德盖岩体进行定年,22个锆石206Pb/ 238 U年龄统计权重平均值为(231±08) Ma,指示该岩体形成于中三叠世。根据成矿年龄与成岩年龄的对比,成岩与成矿作用均发生于中三叠世末,成矿年龄略小于成岩年龄,属印支期岩浆活动的产物。根据已有年龄资料进行归纳和分析,认为区内在印支期曾发生过重要的构造-岩浆成矿事件。     

The Yanshanian Granites and Associated Mo-Polymetallic Mineralization in the Xiangcheng-Luoji Area of the Sanjiang-Yangtze Conjunction Zone in Southwest China

The Xiangcheng-Luoji area is located in the conjunction of the southern part of the "Sanjiang" mineralization belt and the west margin of Yangtze craton. The geological studies were carried out to know the Indosinian large porphyry Cu polymetallic deposits. Recent studies revealed that the area existed in the superposition of Late Yanshanian acidic intrusive rock belt and developed Mo-Cu polymetallic mineralization where promising exploration results have been achieved. Through the systematic study of geochronology, formation age of the Renlin Mo-minieralization monzogranite is 81.7±1.1 Ma. Re-Os dating results concentrate on 82.34±1.2–88.27±1.23 Ma for the model ages of molbdenite of Tongchanggou Mo deposits, average age is 85 ± 2 Ma where seven data points constitute a good isochron which shows that they were the same period products of mineralization. Geochemical features shown that the rocks have a high content of SiO 2(66.59–77.36wt%), alkaline-rich(K2O=2.68–6.08wt%; Na2O=0.50–4.91wt%; K2O/Na2 O ratios are 0.71–5.56, where average ratio of 1.89) and have aluminum–rich features(Al2O3 10.38–15.15wt%) with σ values less than 3.3. Which indicate that they belong to the high-K calc-alkali to shoshonite series. Geochemistry of Yanshanian intrusions shows that rocks are enrich in LREE with obvious negative δEu anomalies, enrichment of trace elements like, LILE elements(Rb, Th, Ba) with a relative loss of Ba, and loss of high field strength elements(Nb, Ta, P, Ti) and HREE elements. The granite genetic classification diagram shows that the granites belong to A-type granite and formatted in syn-collision tectonic environment. Meanwhile, the Yanshanian granites also inherited the characteristics of island arc environment which formed in the process of crustal melting caused by upwelling of asthenospheric substances in the extensional tectonic background. The process of partial melting existed substances from the deep(lower crust or upper mantle) which have been added. In the Xiangcheng-Luoji area, monzogranite and granodiorite porphyry bodies are widely developed Mo polymetallic mineralization, the deep porphyry mineralization have great potential for geological prospecting.     

云开地区燕山晚期花岗岩的岩石成因及构造意义: 锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素证据

相比较丰富的前寒武纪和早古生代地质记录, 云开地区燕山晚期花岗岩类分布很少, 且未见详细的研究报道.对云开地区广西陆川米场、三叉冲钨矿床以及松旺钨锡钼矿床等3个典型地区的燕山晚期花岗岩进行了系统的LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb和Lu-Hf同位素研究.定年结果表明, 米场黑云母花岗岩、三叉冲黑云母花岗岩和松旺花岗岩的侵位年龄分别为113±1 Ma, 103±1 Ma和88±1 Ma, 为燕山晚期岩浆作用的产物.三叉冲黑云母花岗岩和松旺花岗岩具有较一致锆石ε_Hf(t)值(分别为-5.2~-2.7和-5.2~-3.6)和二阶段模式年龄T_DM2(分别为1.3~1.5 Ga和1.4~1.5 Ga), 指示为中元古代地壳物质再造的产物.米场黑云母花岗岩具有相对较高的ε_Hf(t)值(-2.3~1.4)和T_DM2(1.1~1.3 Ga), 并且其含有大量的镁铁质微粒包体(MME), 表明米场黑云母花岗岩很可能是壳源-幔源岩浆混合的产物.结合中国东南部构造-岩浆演化来看, 云开地区燕山晚期花岗岩的形成可能与白垩纪时太平洋板块向华南板块俯冲后板片的折返-断离有关.      

滇西维西-德钦-带花岗岩年代学、地球化学和岩石成因

金沙江弧盆体系消减与碰撞的确切时间存在较大的争议.运用LA-ICP-MS地质年代学、地球化学及Sr-Nd同位素方法研究金沙江缝合带周边的花岗岩体.贡卡花岗闪长岩(232Ma)和羊拉花岗闪长岩(229.6Ma)形成于印支期,羊拉二长花岗岩(261Ma)形成于海西-印支期.羊拉二长花岗岩地球化学特征类似O型埃达克岩,由大洋板片熔融与地幔楔交代(Mg#=55～61.8>40),且上升过程与岩浆房酸性岩浆混合,形成于俯冲消减环境;贡卡花岗闪长岩和羊拉花岗闪长岩可能由类似扬子地块的崇山群玄武质岩石和变质表壳岩部分熔融形成,产于碰撞后环境.金沙江缝合带从中二叠世末期-晚二叠世早期持续俯冲;碰撞阶段可能于晚二叠世末期开始,在中三叠世早期结束.     

内蒙古呼仁木图门沃博勒卓地区花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及地质意义

内蒙古自治区苏尼特左旗呼仁木图门沃博勒卓地区广泛出露晚石炭世花岗岩。笔者采用LA-MC-ICPMS对岩浆岩锆石进行U-Pb测年,获得了含黑云母二长花岗岩(317.0±1.6)Ma和(313.5±1.5)Ma 的侵位年龄,时代为晚石炭世巴什基尔阶—莫斯科阶;通过地球化学研究,发现研究区花岗岩样品为过铝质高钾钙碱性系列岩石,ΣREE含量介于110.77×10-6～147.29×10-6,轻、重稀土分馏中等,轻稀土富集,Eu负异常明显;大离子亲石元素Rb、Th和U等相对富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Hf和Zr等略显富集,Ba、Sr和Ti相对亏损。综合前人研究成果,研究区含黑云母二长花岗岩形成于后造山构造环境。     

Late Caledonian Ductile Thrusting Deformation in the Central East Kunlun Belt, Qinghal, China and Its Significance： Evidence from Geochronology

Abstract A high‐angle ductile thrusting deformation with top‐to‐the‐north movement penetratively developed in the Proterozoic‐Early Paleozoic metamorphic rocks along the Central East Kunlun belt. The deformed rocks suffered epidote‐amphibolite facies metamorphism. On the basis of our previous study, we present more data in this paper to further support that the ductile thrust deformation occurred in the later Caledonian and more detailed information about the deformation. A zircon U‐Pb concordant age of 446±2.2 Ma of a deformed granodiorite in the ductile thrust zone was obtained and can be interpreted as the lower limit of the deformation. A syntectonically crystallized and also strongly deformed hornblende Ar/Ar dating gives an Ar/Ar plateau age of 426.5±3.8 Ma, which represents the deformation age. A strongly orientated muscovite gives an Ar/Ar plateau age of 408±1.6 Ma, representing the cooling age after the peak temperature, constraining the upper limit of the ductile thrust deformation. This ductile thrust deformation can be interpreted as the result of the closing of the Central East Kunlun archipelago ocean. To the north, Ar/Ar plateau ages of 382.9±0.2 Ma and 386.8±0.8 Ma of muscovite in the deformed Xiaomiao Group represent the uplift cooling ages of deeper rocks after the thrusting movement. The original thrusting foliation has a low angle. A rotation model was put forward to explain the development of the foliation from the original low‐angle to present high‐angle dipping.     

Geochemistry and Zircon U-Pb Geochronology of EarlyPaleozoic S-type Granites in the Eastern Qilian Block,Northwest China

The Qilian Block(QB) is a Precambrian micro-continent located in the northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.Prevalent Lower Paleozoic granitic magmatic rocks crop out in the QB. A new integrated study of zircon U-Pb ages and systematic whole-rock geochemical data for the Xindian, Dongjiazhuang and Xiaogaoling granites in the eastern segment of the QB constrains their emplacement ages, petrogenesis, and regional evolutionary history. U-Pb dating reveals that the Xindian granite was emplaced 454 Ma, and both the Dongjiazhuang and Xiaogaoling granites were emplaced ca. 440 Ma.Geochemical study shows that all granites belong to the high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic series and are S-type granites formed by partial melting of continental crust, mainly metagraywacke. We infer that these ca. 454–445 Ma granites formed in a syn-collisional setting during the continental collisional between the Qaidam and Qilian blocks.     

Late Caledonian Ductile Thrusting Deformation in the Central East Kunlun Belt, Qinghai, China and Its Significance: Evidence from Geochronology

A high-angle ductile thrusting deformation with top-to-the-north movement penetratively developed in the Proterozoic-Early Paleozoic metamorphic rocks along the Central East Kunlun belt. The deformed rocks suffered epidote-amphibolite facies metamorphism. On the basis of our previous study, we present more data in this paper to further support that the ducdle thrust deformation occurred in the later Caledonian and more detailed information about the deformation. A zircon U-Pb concordant age of 446±2.2 Ma of a deformed granodiorite in the ductile thrust zone was obtained and can be interpreted as the lower limit of the deformation. A syntectonically crystallized and also strongly deformed hornblende Ar/ Ar dating gives an Ar/Ar plateau age of 426.5±3.8 Ma, which represents the deformation age. A strongly orientated muscovite gives an Ar/Ar plateau age of 408±1.6Ma, representing the cooling age after the peak temperature, constraining the upper limit of the ductile thrust deformation. This ductile thru     

腾冲地区与锡矿床有关的花岗岩地球 化学特征及类型判别

腾冲地区自东向西依次发育早白垩世（K1）东河花岗岩带（143.0~111.7Ma）、晚白垩世（K2）古永花岗岩带（84.3~65.9Ma）和早第三纪（E1 2）槟榔江花岗岩带（66.4~41.2Ma）。通过对与锡成矿关系密切的槟榔江花岗岩带中来利山花岗岩和古永花岗岩带中小龙河、水城花岗岩的岩相学、元素地球化学研究发现：花岗岩SiO2含量高,全碱（ALK）＝8.17%~8.15%,K2O/Na2O＞1,修改后的钙碱指数（MALI）＝7.25~8.34,属高钾钙碱性 碱钙性系列;来利山花岗岩A/CNK＝1.02~1.04,为弱过铝质花岗岩,小龙河和水城花岗岩A/CNK≤1.0,为准铝质花岗岩;这些花岗岩的形成与腾冲地块和保山地块碰撞有关,其中来利山花岗岩FeO/(FeO＋MgO)＝0.61~0.67,相对富Mg,但铁镁含量低,源于（含）泥质岩石,为形成于后碰撞造山伸展阶段的S型花岗岩;小龙河和水城花岗岩FeO/(FeO＋MgO)＝0.88~0.94,相对富Fe,源于无水硅酸盐大陆地壳,为形成于后碰撞造山阶段A型花岗岩中的A2亚型花岗岩。研究确定了腾冲地区与锡矿床有关的来利山、小龙河、水城花岗岩的成因类型、源区特征和构造背景,并表明不同花岗岩带发育不同类型的花岗岩。     

Gold Deposits in Beishan Mountain, Northwestern China

Abstract. The Beishan Mountain spans three provinces ‐ Gansu, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, having an area of 120,000 km² Tectonically, it transverses three different tectonic units, i.e. Siberia, Kazakhstan and Tarim plates, and is composed of nine ter‐rains with widely exposed Precambrian and Paleozoic strata, complex structures, intensive magmatic activities and widespread ore deposits. It is not only a main part of Tianshan‐Yinshan‐Great Hinggan metallogenic belt in China, but also a key to under‐stand the evolution of central‐Asian orogenic system. At present, more than 100 gold deposits and prospects have been discovered, explored and mined, among which Nanjinshan, Mazhuangshan, Liushashan, Jinwozi, Zhaobishan and Xiaoxigong are the most important ones. Based on the host rocks and the geological features, all these gold occurrences can be subdivided into three groups (or types): (1) hosted by Carboniferous or Permian volcanic or subvolcanic rocks; (2) hosted by or related to plutonic intrusions; and (3) hosted by Precambrian metamorphic rocks. The first group includes the Mazhuangshan gold deposit, which occurs in Hercynian quartz por‐phyry and rhyolite porphyry as gold‐bearing quartz veins. The second group is composed of the Liushashan, Nanjinshan Zhaobishan and Jinwozi gold deposits. Gold mineralization at these four deposits occurs within Hercynian granitoids intrusion: or late Paleozoic sedimentary rocks as quartz veins, veinlets and altered rocks. The Xiaoxigong gold deposit belongs to the third group, and is hosted by Precambrian schist, amphibolite and migmatite as quartz veins and altered rocks. Isotopic age dating data, geological and geochemical evidence suggest that most of the groups 1 and 2 gold deposits were generated during the emplacement of the Hercynian or partly Indosinian intrusions. These intrusions may provide both heat and metals for groups 1 and 2 deposits. In contrast, although the formation is closely related to the Hercynian magma‐tism, the ore‐forming materials of the group 3 deposits may not only come from the intrusions, but also from the Precambrian metamorphic rocks.     

华北陆块南缘燕山期花岗岩带岩浆演化:以小秦岭—外方山地区为例

根据华北陆块南缘小秦岭—外方山地区中生代花岗岩的时空分布特征,将其形成过程划分为160～155 Ma(Ⅰ)、150～125 Ma(Ⅱ)、120～110 Ma(Ⅲ)3个期次,与中国北方大规模岩浆活动期次并不完全一致。这3期花岗岩的地球化学元素演化较为特殊,Ⅰ期花岗岩(南泥湖、上房沟等岩体)与Ⅲ期花岗岩的地球化学特征较为相似,均以异常高的K含量、明显的负Eu异常及重稀土元素分馏较弱或不分馏为主要特征,为A型花岗岩。Ⅱ期花岗岩为偏铝质—弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩,富集Rb、Th、U和K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb和Ta等高场强元素,P2O5含量随SiO2含量增加呈递减趋势,为I型花岗岩,大部分样品Sr>300.00×10-6,Y<19.00×10-6,Yb<1.90×10-6,具有埃达克岩的属性。时代由老至新,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ花岗岩呈现出A型—I型—A型的演化规律。Ⅰ期花岗岩形成于挤压构造背景下的局部伸展环境;Ⅱ期花岗岩则形成于华北陆块南缘构造体制转换阶段,是地壳加厚导致的下地壳部分熔融的产物;Ⅲ期花岗岩则是扬子与华北陆块拼合后,板块逐渐稳定,岩石圈发生伸展,下地壳岩石减压熔融形成的。