Geochemical characteristics and genetic types of crude oils from the Tertiary system in the southern part of western Qaidam Basin, Northwest China

Crude oil samples taken from the southern part of western Qaidam Basin were analyzed with GC/MS in order to understand the geochemical characteristics of crude oils. The results reveal that most crude oils are characterized by high abundance of gammacerane and C35 homohopane, which are the representative characteristics of saline lacustrine crude oils. Based on the variation of the ratios of gammacerane/C30 hopane （G/H） and C35 homoho-pane/C34 homohopane （C35/C34H）, two crude oil groups, A and B, are identified. Group-A crude oils mainly occurr in the north of the study area, with higher ratios of G/H （〉0.8） and C35/C34H （〉1.2）, whereas group-B crude oils, selected from the south of the study area, show lower ratios of G/H （〈0.8） and C35/C34H （〈1.0）. In addition, group-A crude oils are distinguished into three subgroups in accordance with their different ratios of G/H and C35/C34H and different distribution characteristics of n-alkanes, isoprenoids and steranes. These may be helpful for understanding the distribution characteristics of crude oils in the southern part of western Qaidam Basin and providing clues to the forthcoming exploration of crude oils and gas.     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬-西峰地区原油地球化学特征及油源分析

采用色谱-质谱(GC-MS)、裂解-色谱-质谱(Py-GC-MS)、色谱-同位素比值质谱(GC-IRMS)等方法,系统地分析了鄂尔多斯盆地南部姬塬与西峰地区原油的地球化学特征,重新确定了原油成熟度及对应源岩的形成环境.分析表明,单体碳同位素组成偏轻,介于-30‰～-33‰之间.原油饱和烃馏分中五环三萜烷含量较高;藿烷以C30藿烷占优势,C29藿烷次之;含较高的18α(H)-30-降新藿烷(C29Ts);C30重排藿烷和伽马蜡烷含量较低;规则甾烷含量高并以C29甾烷为主,含一定的孕甾烷、升孕甾烷和重排甾烷;芳烃馏分中富含萘、菲系列化合物;沥青质裂解产物中芳基类异戊二烯烃含量很低.原油成熟度相当于镜质组反射率0.82%左右,是烃源岩在生油高峰阶段的产物.油源分析表明,该区原油主要来源于三叠系长7段泥岩,有机质形成于水体较深、淡水湖相沉积环境.     

Reservoir geochemistry of the Tazhong oilfield in the Tarim Basin, China, Part I. Geochemical characteristics and genetic classification of crude oils

1 Introduction Since the 1990’s of the 20th century, oil & gas geochemists have shifted their research focus on hydrocarbon source rocks in the past to that on reservoir rocks and oil reservoirs at present; their research field has been expanded from oil & gas exploration to the assessment of oil reservoirs and production & management. Therefore, reservoir geochemistry as a branch disciplinary of organic geochemistry is now attracting great concern of many oil & gas explorers and oilfield en…     

Reservoir geochemistry of the Tazhong oilfield in the Tarim Basin, China, Part Ⅰ. Geochemical characteristics and genetic classification of crude oils

According to the assemblage characteristics of saturated hydrocarbon biomarkers in crude oils and their geochemical implications, this study has proposed, for the first time, the criteria for the genetic classification of crude oils in the Tazhong area of the Tarim Basin, China. Crude oils from the area studied are classified as three genetic types: type-Ⅰ is characterized by the low contents of C29 norhopane, extremely abundant contents of gammacerane, low contents of rearranged sterane and relatively high contents of regular C28 sterane; the geochemical properties of type-Ⅱ crude oils are opposite to those of type-Ⅰ crude oils; the parameters for type-Ⅲ crude oils are intermediate between type-Ⅰ and type-Ⅱ. Results of oil correlation indicated that type-Ⅰ crude oils were derived from Cambrian-Lower Ordovician hydrocarbon source rocks, type-Ⅱ curde oils originated from Middle-Upper Ordovician hydrocarbon source rocks and type-Ⅲ crude oils are of mixed origin.     

辽河西部凹陷油气运移特征及其影响因素

辽河西部凹陷油气十分富集,油气藏类型复杂,油气相态多样发育,不同构造带油气运移特征存在差异。本文主要根据原油中咔唑类含氮化合物浓度和相关参数,以及储层流体包裹体的发育特征,结合油气相态及物性分布特征,探讨了辽河西部凹陷油气运移特征以及影响因素。研究表明,中央隆起带原油中咔唑类化合物浓度高、异构化参数变化小,油气包裹体主要呈线状分布,在切穿矿物加大边的裂隙中,油气运移通道以走滑形成的东西向雁列式或帚状断裂为主,运移动力主要为流体异常压力;斜坡带原油中咔唑类化合物浓度及其相关异构化参数变化明显,油气包裹体多分布在石英与长石颗粒次生加大边中,呈群体面状分布,显示较强荧光特征,油气主要由洼陷带至斜坡带以扇三角洲前缘分支河道指状砂体或辫状河道砂体为运移通道,以水动力与浮力推动,远源或近源运移成藏;陡坡带原油中咔唑类化合物总浓度以及异构化参数存在变化,以台安大洼断裂带或指状砂体为运移通道、以异常流体压力为动力近源运移成藏;古潜山原油咔唑类化合物总浓度低,参数变化明显,主要以不整合面或基底断裂为运移通道,以异常流体压力为动力近源运移成藏。油气运移聚集时间主要在东营期,自北往南油气成藏时间逐渐变晚,与沙三段、沙四段生烃期较为匹配。     

Geochemical characteristics and genetic types of crude oils from Qinjiatun and Qikeshu oilfields in the Lishu Fault Depression,Songliao Basin,northeastern China

The Qinjiatun and Qikeshu oilfields are new Mesozoic petroleum exploration targets in Lishu Fault Depression of Songliao Basin, northeastern China. Currently, researches on geochemistry of crude oils from Qinjiatun and Qikeshu oilfields have not been performed and the genesis of oils is still uncertain. Based on bulk analyses, the crude oils in the Qinjiatun and Qikeshu oilfields of Lishu Fault Depression from the Lower Cretaceous can be classified as three types. TypeⅠoils, from Quantou and Denglouku formations of Qikeshu oilfield, are characterized by high C24tetracyclic terpane/C26tricyclic terpanes ratios, low gammacerance/C30hopane ratios, tricyclic terpanes/hopanes ratios, C29Ts/C29norhopane ratios and 17α(H)-diahopane/17α(H)-hopane ratios, indicating a brackish lacustrine facies. TypeⅡoils, from Shahezi Formation of Qikeshu oilfield show low C24tetracyclic terpane/C26tricyclic terpanes, high gammacerance/C30hopane ratios, tricyclic terpanes/hopanes ratios, C29Ts/C29 norhopane and C30diahopane/C30hopane ratios, thus suggesting that they originated from source rocks deposited in a weak reducing brackish lacustrine environment, or clay-rich sediments. Type oilsⅢ, from some wells of Qikeshu oilfield have geochemical characteristics intermediate between those two types and may be mixture of typeⅠand Ⅱoils.     

辽河盆地东部凹陷古近系玄武岩岩石学特征及其测井响应

根据辽河盆地东部凹陷45口钻井的305.79 m玄武岩岩芯、176个岩芯薄片和其对应井段的测井资料,将东部凹陷玄武岩分为致密玄武岩、气孔玄武岩和角砾化玄武岩等3类。致密玄武岩呈致密块状,蚀变程度低,测井响应以高密度(平均值为2.71 g·cm~(-3))、低自然伽马(平均值为36 API)为特征;气孔玄武岩气孔发育,多被沸石、方解石等充填,蚀变程度最高,测井响应以低密度(平均值为2.47 g·cm~(-3))、高声波时差(平均值为72μs·ft~(-1))为特征;角砾化玄武岩呈自碎角砾状,发育角砾间孔,测井响应以低电阻率(平均值为8Ω·m)为特征。这3种玄武岩的测井响应机理与其矿物组成、结构构造、蚀变类型及程度、孔缝发育程度及后期充填改造、流体类型等密切相关。     

辽河坳陷青龙台辉绿岩的Ar-Ar年代学和地球化学特征——对华北东部岩石圈减薄作用完成时间的限制

辽河坳陷青龙台辉绿岩全岩Ar-Ar同位素定年所获得的坪年龄为(35.5±0.7)Ma,与正反等时线年龄在误差范围内均相吻合,表明该辉绿岩侵位于新生代古近纪的沙河街期。地球化学分析结果显示,青龙台辉绿岩贫硅,富碱、钛,轻重稀土元素分异明显,略具Eu正异常,富集大离子亲石元素(LILE,如Sr、Ba等)和高场强元素(HFSE,如Nb、Ta等),显示与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)类似的地球化学特征。区域资料显示,华北克拉通东部晚白垩世-古近纪均以拉斑质玄武岩的喷发为主,为尖晶石二辉橄榄岩相高程度部分熔融的产物,新近纪以来则以碱性玄武岩的喷发为主,为石榴子石二辉橄榄岩相低程度部分熔融的产物。青龙台辉绿岩具较高的LaCN/YbCN、Ce/Y值和较明显的Sr、Ba、Eu异常,应是尖晶石-石榴子石过渡相的二辉橄榄岩经较低程度部分熔融的产物。因此,青龙台辉绿岩的形成时间可代表华北东部岩石圈由减薄至增厚的转折时间。     

辽河坳陷青龙台辉绿岩的Ar-Ar年代学和地球化学特征 ——对华北东部岩石圈减薄作用完成时间的限制

辽河坳陷青龙台辉绿岩全岩Ar-Ar同位素定年所获得的坪年龄为(35.5±0.7)Ma,与正反等时线年龄在误差范围内均相吻合,表明该辉绿岩侵位于新生代古近纪的沙河街期。地球化学分析结果显示,青龙台辉绿岩贫硅,富碱、钛,轻重稀土元素分异明显,略具Eu正异常,富集大离子亲石元素(LILE,如Sr、Ba等)和高场强元素(HFSE,如Nb、Ta等),显示与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)类似的地球化学特征。区域资料显示,华北克拉通东部晚白垩世—古近纪均以拉斑质玄武岩的喷发为主,为尖晶石二辉橄榄岩相高程度部分熔融的产物,新近纪以来则以碱性玄武岩的喷发为主,为石榴子石二辉橄榄岩相低程度部分熔融的产物。青龙台辉绿岩具较高的LaCN/YbCN、Ce/Y值和较明显的Sr、Ba、Eu异常,应是尖晶石-石榴子石过渡相的二辉橄榄岩经较低程度部分熔融的产物。因此,青龙台辉绿岩的形成时间可代表华北东部岩石圈由减薄至增厚的转折时间。     

The geochemical characteristics and origin of crude oils in the Kekeya Oilfield,Xinjiang, China

GC/MS and GC/MS/MS techniques were employed to describe the characteristics of biomarker assemblages in two sets of hydrocarbon source rocks, Jurassic and Permian, in southwestern Tarim, and the parameters for the classification of the two sets of hydrocarbon source rocks have been established. It is found that diahopane and C30-unknown terpane are abundant in Permian samples, the contents of diahopane in Jurassic samples are relatively low, and terpenoids have been detected in Jurassic samples but not in Permian source rock samples. Kekeya crude oils are abundant in diahopane and C30-unknown terpane. The results of fine oil-rock correlation indicated that Kekeya crude oils were derived mainly from the Permian hydrocarbon source rocks. However, a small amount of diterpenoid was detected in the crude oils, indicating that the Jurassic hydrocarbon source rocks also made a certain contribution to Kekeya crude oils.     

辽河坳陷大民屯凹陷古近系沙河街组三段地球化学特征及其地质意义

对辽河坳陷大民屯凹陷沈检5井古近系沙河街组三段(简称沙三段,Es₃)的地球化学特征进行分析,明确大民屯凹陷沙三段的母岩类型、恢复该区的古环境并对构造背景进行判别和讨论,从而确定最终物源。结果显示,大民屯凹陷沙三段的母岩以大陆上地壳的长英质火山岩和太古宙的古老岩石为主,并受到来自幔源的大陆岛弧中基性岩浆影响。A-CN-K、SiO₂-Al₂O₃、Th-Th/U判别图显示源区的化学风化程度较弱。本文根据聚类分析选取出Sr/Cu、Sr/Ba、V/(V+Ni)值等10种元素组合,并根据其纵向分布特征对研究区的古环境进行了恢复。结果显示,Es₃⁴Ⅱ至Es₃³Ⅲ沉积时期,大民屯凹陷的古气候以干热为主并整体呈增强趋势,该区古湖泊的水体盐度低,以弱还原环境为主。研究表明,古气候是控制沙三段元素分配的主因,这与研究区的沉积环境和较为封闭的构造环境有关。稀土元素参数和主微量元素判别图表明,大民屯凹陷同时具有大陆岛弧和被动大陆边缘构造背...     

辽河坳陷西部高升以北地区湖盆深陷期的沉积特征

辽河坳陷西部凹陷高升以北地区湖盆深陷期经历了初始断陷阶段→快速沉降阶段→稳定沉降阶段→剧烈沉降阶段→短暂回返阶段共5个阶段。湖盆初始断陷阶段,沉积区主要处于中北部,以冲积扇-浊积扇-湖泊沉积为主;湖盆快速沉降阶段,沉积区南扩,以浊积扇-湖泊沉积为主;湖盆稳定沉降阶段,沉积区覆盖了整个研究区,以扇三角洲-浊积扇-湖泊沉积为主;湖盆剧烈沉降阶段以辫状河三角洲-浊积扇-湖泊沉积为主;而当湖盆进入短暂回返阶段时,北部出露地表遭受剥蚀,沉积区南退,以辫状河三角洲-扇三角洲-湖泊沉积为主。湖盆的沉降中心、沉积中心、沉积方式、沉积相类型及其空间配置等均受湖盆演化阶段控制。同时油气储集砂体的发育、油气圈闭类型等也受湖盆演化特点的影响,湖盆陡坡侧易于形成构造圈闭、岩性圈闭和复合圈闭等,缓坡侧则易于形成地层及岩性圈闭。     

Compositional characteristics and geochemical significance of light hydrocarbons for crude oils in Tarim Basin, China

Light hydrocarbons, especially C7 isoalkanes, cyclopentanes, cyclohexanes and n-heptane in 540 oils from the Tarim Basin were studied systematically. The results suggested the K1 values [ （2-MH＋ 2,3-DMP）/（3-MH ＋ 2,4-DMP） ] of crude oils vary from a lowest value of 0.78, to a highest value of 1.54, but the K1 values of the majority of oil samples （80%） range from 0.90 to 1.20. However, the absolute contents of （ 2-methylhexane ＋ 2,3-dimethylpentane） and （ 3-methylhexane ＋ 2,4-dimethylpentane） in the total light hydrocarbons （ C4-C7 ） show a similar variation trend. The variation of K1 values of crude oils can suggest a typical sedimentary environment for source rocks. Therefore, according to the compositional characteristics of C7 light hydrocarbons in light of the steady-state catalytic hypothesis, nonmarine oils from the Yingmaili area and marine oils from the Tazhong uplift in the Tarim Basin were genetically classified.     

准噶尔盆地三叠系生源油藏的发现及其意义

首次在准噶尔盆地发现了来源于三叠系烃源岩的典型原油，其地球化学特征与以往发现的石炭系、二叠系和侏罗系烃源岩生成原油均不同。该原油全油碳同位素δ^13C值为-3l‰左右，与石炭系和侏罗系原油差异很大；生物标志物中富含重排甾烷、Ts、C29Ts及C30重排藿烷，而伽马蜡烷和β-胡萝卜烷含量低，与三叠系烃源岩抽提物中生物标志物的分布十分相似，而与二叠系和侏罗系明显不同。二叠系、三叠系和侏罗系烃源岩的地球化学特征对比分析研究表明，三叠系是仅次于二叠系的良好烃源岩，具有较高的生烃潜力，是该盆地中又一套重要的烃源岩层系。油源对比表明该原油来源于三叠系烃源岩。三叠系生源原油的发现对该盆地油气勘探具有十分重要的意义。     

辽河西部凹陷欢喜岭地区沙河街组三段构造坡折带特征

三维地震资料的精细解释结果表明, 辽河西部凹陷欢喜岭地区沙河街组三段构造坡折带的主要类型是断裂坡折带, 平面组合样式以树枝状和网状组合为主。其形成是构造活动、基底形态差异、沉积不均衡和差异压实共同控制的结果, 其中构造作用是主控因素。依据构造坡折带对隐蔽油气藏的控制作用, 将研究区划分为5个区带( Ⅰ-Ⅴ) 。区内油气藏类型多以复合型岩性- 构造油气藏为主, 且紧邻构造坡折带, 呈串珠状北东向分布。     

辽河盆地下第三系层序分析

根据岩性、岩相、地震反射、测井响应、古生物、构造旋回、接触关系及同位素年龄测定等，将辽河盆地下第三系划分为４个层序和１２个亚层序。根据地层层序综合分析，辽河盆地早第三纪具有如下沉积演化特征：①构造运动的控制性；②沉积格架的不均衡性；③沉积演化的阶段性；④沉积中心的迁移性。     

Geochemical characteristics and oil family classification of crude oils from the Markit Slope in the southwest of the Tarim Basin,Northwest China

Based on the chromatograms of oils and saturated hydrocarbons, biomarkers and stable carbon isotope analyses, the geochemical characteristics and oil family Classification of crude oils from the Markit Slope in the southwest of the Tarim Basin were investigated. The results showed that crude oils from the Markit Slope are divided into two oil family Classification. Oils collected from the Bashituo oilfield in the western part of the Markit Slope are characterized by high contents of tricyclic terpanes, pregnane, and homopregnane, low contents of garmmacerane (G/H<0.20), dibenzofuran, and methyl cyclohexane, and light stable carbon isotopic values (the δ13C values of satu-rated hydrocarbons and aromatic components are less than -34‰ and -32‰, respectively), with the distribution type of steranes being C27>>C28 -32‰ and -30.6‰, respectively), with the distribution type of steranes being C27>C28<相似文献   

新疆西准噶尔库尔尕克希岩体年代学、地球化学特征及岩石成因

新疆西准噶尔构造带发育大量晚古生代中酸性侵入体,其岩石成因和侵位期次对于认识该构造带的岩浆演化具有十分重要的意义。本文对库尔尕克希岩体进行了详细的野外地质调查、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年及岩石地球化学分析,旨在查明其成岩时代和成因类型。结果表明,该岩体出露面积仅约0.55 km~2,岩性主要为花岗闪长岩,锆石U-Pb年龄为312.9±2.9 Ma(n=20,MSWD=0.072),形成于晚石炭世早期。地球化学特征显示其为钙碱性弱过铝质I型花岗岩。岩体具有较高硅、中等铝,富碱、贫镁,富集Rb、Ba、K等大离子亲石元素,强烈亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素和重稀土元素,负Eu异常较微弱,A/CNK=0.99~1.20,与区内别鲁阿嘎希、包古图等小岩体在成岩时代、地球化学特征等方面有着显著的相似性,形成于晚石炭世早期与俯冲作用相关的岛弧环境,其源岩更可能是受俯冲流体交代的亏损地幔衍生出来的年轻地壳物质。     

塔里木盆地寒武-奥陶系烃源岩的分子地球化学特征

对塔里木盆地下古生界样品的地球化学分析表明,上奥陶统良里塔格组、中上奥陶统却尔却克群烃源岩与其他烃源岩具有明显的差异,具有低的C28甾烷、24-降胆甾烷、甲藻甾烷、甲藻三芳甾烷与伽马蜡烷含量以及高的C24四环萜烷、重排甾烷含量等特点。柯坪地区中上奥陶统萨尔干组、印干组页岩伽马蜡烷、C28甾烷相对含量与寒武系、中下奥陶统黑土凹组烃源岩具有相似性。萨尔干组、印干组烃源岩中生物标志物的绝对含量很低。柯坪地区寒武系玉尔吐斯组、中上奥陶统萨尔干组、上奥陶统印干组、满东地区中下奥陶统黑土凹组等较强沉积环境的泥质烃源岩伽马蜡烷、C28甾烷、特殊甾烷的相对含量与海相原油主体有较大差异。上奥陶统印干组烃源岩较高含量的三芳甲藻甾烷、24-降重排胆甾烷和24-降胆甾烷化合物的检出表明,断代生物标志物的提法值得商榷。     

New Technology of Optimizing Heavy Oil Reservoir Management by Geochemical Means：A Case Study in Block Leng 43,Liaohe Oilfield,China

Geochemical methods can be used to optimize heavy oil reservoir management.The distribution of some biomarkers in oils is different with the degree of biodegradation.Geochemi-cal parameters can be used to predict oil viscosity and thus to preliminarily evaluate the difficult-ties involved in oil production.The results of viscosity prediction for oils from reservoir S3^2 in block Leng 43 and preliminary evaluation of oil production difficulty are consistent with the geological data.