黔北-川东南志留系层序格架下的沉积体系演化特征及有利区带预测

黔北—川东南志留系受加里东运动抬升剥蚀仅残留中、下统地层,通过大量钻井及野外露头资料的沉积学研究,应用层序地层学方法,划分出8个三级层序,其中下志留统龙马溪组2个（SSQ1~SSQ2）,石牛栏组或小河坝组2个（SSQ3~SSQ4）,中下志留统韩家店组4个（SSQ5~SSQ8）,识别出三角洲、陆棚、碳酸盐台地3类沉积体系,在等时地层格架中探讨了各沉积体系特征及其平面展布。通过层序地层划分对比及有利沉积相带研究,指出了两类有利储集层:一类为台地浅滩相和台地前缘斜坡相礁滩型生物灰岩、颗粒灰岩储层,主要发育于石牛栏期三级层序SSQ3和SSQ4的高位体系域,纵向上分布于石牛栏组中、上部,横向上分布于研究区南部叙永—习水—观音桥一带;另一类为浅水陆棚碎屑岩储层,主要发育于小河坝期三级层序SSQ4高水位体系域,横向上分布于南川—石柱—利川等地。     

四川盆地涪陵地区五峰组-龙马溪组一段层序格架与沉积演化

利用野外露头、测井曲线、岩心等资料,结合层序地层学方法,在四川盆地涪陵地区五峰组-龙马溪组一段沉积构造认识的基础上,针对涪陵地区五峰组-龙马溪组一段层序格架与沉积演化开展了整体性的研究。研究表明:涪陵地区五峰组-龙马溪组一段可以划分出2个三级层序,五峰组-观音桥组为一个三级层序SQ1,由海侵体系域(TST)和高位体系域(HST)组成;龙马溪组一段可以划分为一个三级层序,由海侵体系域(TST)、早期高位体系域(EHST)、晚期高位体系域(LHST)组成;进一步,分析其层序构成特征并通过对层序地层格架的建立,提出了涪陵地区五峰组-龙马溪组一段层序受海平面、生物、火山等多因素控制的沉积演化模式,为开展页岩岩相等研究奠定了基础。     

黔中隆起及外围南华-留纪层序地层特征

以黔中地区层序地层研究为基础,并与三都盆区层序地层对比。根据不整合界面、地层结构及地层的堆叠型式等特征,将黔中隆起及外围地区的南华-志留纪地层划分为14个层序,并阐述了各层序及体系域的发育特征。在此基础上,建立了南华-志留纪的岩石地层格架及相对海平面变化曲线。研究区层序地层的特点是：在浅水陆架区,大多数层序由海侵体系域和高水位体系域构成,并且高水位体系域的厚度常大于海侵体系域的厚度;层序所反映的海平面升降变化,在层序的下部表现较剧,常快速上升。通过层序界面的对比研究,界面基本性质进一步得到明确,使地层格架更趋真实。如黔中、黔北南沱组与澄江组的接触关系性质,从盆地区海侵体系域一高水位体系域及层序界面的延伸对比来看,黔中地区缺失这两个体系域,证明这里南沱组与澄江组之间为假整合接触。     

上扬子地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩层序地层及演化模式

学者们在页岩层序划分与构成等方面还存在较大分歧;其次,现有研究中针对页岩非均质性在层序格架内的变化特征及成因规律方面亦有不足.五峰组-龙马溪组页岩是上扬子地区重要的页岩气勘探层位之一,通过钻井岩心、露头剖面、常规测井、能谱测井和地球化学参数等资料,对上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组黑色页岩层序地层学进行了定量分析.在五峰组-龙马溪组识别出3个三级层序,其中五峰组为一个三级层序,进一步划分出海侵体系域（五峰组下部黑色页岩）和高位体系域（五峰组上部观音桥段）;龙马溪组一段作为一个三级层序,进一步划分出海侵体系域、早期高位和晚期高位体系域;龙马溪组二段和三段为一个三级层序,进一步划分出低位体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域.以不同体系域为单元分析了五峰组-龙马溪组层序发育与沉积环境特征,揭示了各体系域内古生产力与水体氧化还原条件对有机质富集的控制机理,总结并提出了系统的五峰组-龙马溪组黑色页岩层序地层垂向演化模式.      

四川盆地东北部长兴组层序地层与储层分布

四川盆地东北部的二叠系长兴组为一套碳酸盐岩地层。宣汉盘龙洞剖面详尽研究表明,长兴组可分为两个三级层序:第1层序的海侵体系域由开阔台地滩间相沉积组成,高位体系域为台地边缘礁滩相沉积;第2层序的海侵体系域为浅滩沉积,高位体系域为暴露浅滩相-蒸发潮坪相沉积。长兴组中层序界面主要有水下间断不整合面和暴露侵蚀不整合面两类,相当于PeterVail的II类层序界面。在层序地层研究的基础上,对长兴组储层的时空分布特点进行了系统研究。研究发现,储层与层序地层关系密切,储层主要发育在层序的高水位体系域中:礁滩相储层位于第1层序的高位体系域中,而暴露浅滩-蒸发潮坪储层则主要产在第2层序的高水位体系域中。长兴组层序地层格架图以及层序高水位体系域沉积相平面图的编制,成为预测储层二维空间分布的基础。结果表明,礁滩相储层分布于通江—开县碳酸盐台地的东西两侧,暴露浅滩-蒸发潮坪储层遍布于通江—开县的碳酸盐台地及其东西两侧地区之中。两个层序高位体系域中的储层岩石孔隙丰富,储集条件较好,分布面积较广,从而成为研究区域油气勘探的重要目的层。     

四川盆地东北部飞仙关组层序地层与储层分布

四川盆地东北部飞仙关组层序界面主要有水下间断不整合面及暴露侵蚀不整合面等两类界面，相当于Peter Vail的Ⅱ类层序界面。通过对南江桥亭及PG2井等典型剖面解剖，将飞仙关组划分为两个沉积层序，厘清层序与储层的关系：储层主要位于三级层序高水位体系域中，其中，第一层序的高水位体系域发育浅滩鲕粒白云岩储层，其构成了川东北地区飞仙关组储层主体，第二层序高水位体系域发育浅滩相鲕粒灰岩储层。建立飞仙关组层序地层格架，对储层二维空间分布进行预测认为，浅滩鲕粒白云岩储层主要分布于PG2井-宣汉渡口立石河之间，浅滩鲕粒灰岩储层主要分布于南江桥亭及CP82井等地。浅滩鲕粒白云岩储层分布广，区域上分布于通江-开县局限台地及其西侧，浅滩鲕粒灰岩储层主要分布在通南巴地区及东部城口-万源一带。     

扎赉诺尔凹陷下白垩统含煤岩系层序-古地理与聚煤规律研究

利用煤田钻孔、测井及古生物等资料对内蒙古海拉尔盆地扎赉诺尔凹陷下白垩统含煤岩系层序地层格架进行分析。根据区域不整合面,下切谷河道砂体冲刷面及古生物组合突变面把研究区下白垩统含煤岩系分为两个三级层序,并建立等时层序地层格架,对沉积相及聚煤特征进行了研究。结果表明:层序I在凹陷南部3个体系域发育完整,在北部仅发育上部的高水位体系域,为厚层滨浅湖泥岩沉积。层序II的3个体系域发育、保存齐全,低水位体系域主要发育厚层分流河道砂岩;湖侵体系域主要发育三角洲平原、三角洲分流间湾和河口坝等沉积;高水位体系域主要发育厚层的滨湖粉砂岩、泥岩和煤层沉积;扎赉诺尔凹陷的聚煤环境主要是三角洲平原及三角洲朵叶体之间的低洼地带,富煤带主要位于凹陷西部和东北部地区,煤层单层厚度可达30m。     

塔里木盆地塔中-塔北志留系层序地层

随着近年来塔里木盆地勘探开发的逐步深入,志留系地层已经成为众多学者的研究热点。本文应用层序地层研究方法,利用钻井、测井、地震及实验分析资料,通过对岩石地层、测井地层、生物地层、地震地层等资料的综合分析,将塔里木盆地志留系地层划分为3个三级层序,SQ1对应柯坪塔格组下段,SQ2对应柯坪塔格组中上段,SQ3对应塔塔埃尔塔格组。每个层序由海侵体系域和高位体系域组成,不发育低位体系域。对层序格架内的沉积类型和沉积相展布进行分析,认为主要发育扇三角洲相-有障壁潮坪相-浅海相。     

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组层序地层格架研究——兼论陆表海沉积作用和早期成岩作用对相对海平面变化的响应

在论述马家沟组三级层序地层成因的基础上,重新厘定了鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组层序地层格架。马家沟组马一段至马五段划分为4个三级层序,除了Sq1为Ⅰ型层序之外,Sq2、Sq3、Sq4都是Ⅱ型层序。在陆架内Sq1和Sq4由TST和HST构成;Sq2、Sq3由TST、HST和ISLST构成。TST以正常盐度浅海中形成的生物灰岩和泥晶灰岩为特征,HST以准同生期近地表的略为咸化海水成因的泥晶—细粉晶白云岩为特征,陆架内低水位体系域(ISLST)由陆架内盐湖形成的巨厚的蒸发岩系构成。ISLST和HST在空间分布上和成因上是密切相关的,ISLST置于Ⅱ型层序的顶部或者近顶部比较合理。传统的层序地层学将层序界面置于高水位体系域与低水位体系域之间,在此建议将层序界面置于低水位体系域与海侵体系域之间的海侵面。编制了层序3的海侵体系域、高水位体系域、低水位体系域全盆地层序古地理略图。     

鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界层序地层划分及演化

利用露头、岩心、钻测井、地震资料,进行层序界面识别,建立鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界的层序地层格架,将其划分为5个二级层序、19个三级层序,并分析了层序的体系域构成及其基本特征。二级层序对应于特定的构造—沉积演化阶段:SS1—裂陷海湾与局限海共存阶段;SS2—统一陆表海阶段;SS3—近海平原沼泽、三角洲阶段;SS4—近海湖盆沉积阶段;SS5—内陆红色碎屑岩沉积阶段。建立了三种层序格架中的沉积砂体发育模式（包括太原组的海陆交互相潮坪—三角洲模式,山西组的近海平原沼泽—三角洲模式、下石盒子组的辫状河—辫状三角洲模式）,并对层序格架中的主要砂体类型及分布进行分析预测。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861