一次飑线过程的多普勒雷达资料分析

利用承德多普勒雷达的反射率因子、径向速度、垂直积分液态含水量（VIL）等产品,结合环流形势和自动站资料,对2008年6月25日发生在承德境内的一次飑线天气过程进行了分析,初步探讨了承德地区飑线天气过程的多普勒雷达回波演变特征,分析结果表明：大风位于弓形飑线回波的凸起部位。负速度中心值逐渐增大到〉27m／s且逐渐靠近雷达,预示大风天气的出现。VIL值的剧减、跃增和持续高的ET与大风、冰雹等强对流天气有一定的对应关系。对利用多普勒天气雷达识别和预报强对流灾害性天气提供参考。     

安顺市一次飑线天气过程的诊断分析

该文利用FNL再分析资料(水平分辨率1°×1°)、常规的地面观测资料、中国国家卫星中心提供的TBB资料、贵阳雷达站提供的雷达资料,针对安顺市2020年5月31日出现的飑线天气过程,进行了环流背景、物理量、数值预报检验以及雷达回波、卫星云图特征等分析。结果表明：此次强对流天气过程是由地面辐合线、高空槽、中低层的低涡切变线和低空急流共同影响造成的;不稳定层结、大的垂直风切变、适当的0 ℃层和-20 ℃层高度为当日的飑线过程提供了有利的不稳定层结条件。贵州省上空出现了大范围的高温高湿区,大值区位于贵州省的中部以南地区,并在该区域存在明显的Ω型能量锋区和湿舌,为此次贵州飑线的触发和发展提供了很好的能量条件。此次飑线过程中,普定和安顺城区雷达回波图上均出现了高反射率因子和速度大值区,飑线中的普通单体在安顺城区发展为超级单体。卫星云图上贵州省中部出现了带状云系,强对流天气发生在对流云团边缘TBB的梯度大值区。从GRAPES-3 km逐小时的预报场与实况对比来看,对此次飑线过程的位置和强度预报都很好,说明该产品对短时预报和监测都有很好的指示意义。     

秦皇岛一次飑线冰雹天气分析

利用常规探测资料、自动站观测资料、多普勒天气雷达资料等对2014年6月26日发生在秦皇岛市的一次飑线冰雹天气过程大尺度环流背景、雷达回波特征及灾害性冰雹大风形成原因进行了分析。结果表明:本次飑线过程是受高空冷涡后部冷空气、低层暖切变共同作用的结果;飑线过境前后,气象要素变化比较明显,风向突变、风力猛增、气压涌升、气温急降、相对湿度上升;本次强风暴影响系统尺度为中α尺度,"弓"形回波结构明显,同时有雷暴出流边界;速度图上的风速大值区、后侧入流、中低层径向辐合及垂直风廓线图中低层风的转变信息等对大风的预警有明显的预示作用,且从雷达四维变分分析可知850 h Pa辐合上升运动较强,中层有干冷空气入侵;回波垂直剖面图上飑线前沿低层存在有界弱回波区,中高层有回波悬垂。     

一次强飑线大风过程分析

2001-06-12日宝鸡地区出现飑线大风天气过程，通过分析，发现此次飑线天气发生在高空槽后强西北气流中，西北气流上携带强的冷平流向南扩展，在宝鸡附近形成不稳定层结，在地面露点锋的触发下，出现强对流天气，飑线发生时红外云图上对应有-50℃的较强高温中心值的白亮云团，雷达回波呈“人”型，高低空环流的有利配置和中小尺度系统的强烈发展是形成这次飑线大风天气的原因。     

河北承德一次飑线过程的多普勒雷达资料分析

利用河北省承德多普勒雷达的反射率因子、径向速度、垂直积分液态含水量(VIL)等产品,结合环流形势和自动站资料,对2008年6月25日发生在承德市境内的一次飑线天气过程进行了分析,初步探讨了飑线天气过程的多普勒雷达回波演变特征.分析结果表明:大风位于弓形飑线回波的凸起部位.负速度中心值逐渐增大到>27 m/s且逐渐靠近雷达,预示大风天气的出现.VIL值的剧减、跃增和持续高的ET与大风、冰雹等强对流天气有一定的对应关系.     

一次强对流过程的多普勒雷达反演及预警分析

为进一步了解2009年6月5日发生在安徽的一次飑线天气过程的流场结构,本文将两步变分法应用于安徽省合肥多普勒天气雷达资料的风场反演,并利用反演结果检验发生冰雹、大风以及闪电等强对流天气过程的预警条件。结果表明,该次天气过程主要受到东北冷涡的影响,另外高空西北冷气流和地面暖气流以及深层的垂直风切变促进了该次飑线强对流天气的发生;冰雹、大风以及闪电等强对流天气对应的一些特征量关系符合相关预警条件。     

广西一次飑线大风天气的成因和预警分析

本文利用常规探测资料、多普勒天气雷达资料、自动站观测资料等对2013年3月27-28日发生在广西的一次飑线大风天气过程进行跟踪及监测预警,对其大尺度环流背景、雷达回波特征以及灾害性大风形成原因进行了较为详细的分析与研究。结果表明:此次飑线过程是由高空冷槽与地面高压后部形势所引起的;假相当位温、T-logp图等分析表明广西上空具有较好的热力、动力条件;地面辐合线触发初始对流活动;发展成熟的飑线地面气压场上存在雷暴高压、飑前低压和飑后低压等中尺度特征;飑线大风等灾害性天气出现在地面高压前侧气压梯度大值区和飑线的断裂处;雷达图像上中层径向辐合、反射率因子核心和中层风速大值区逐渐降低以及垂直风廓线图中低层风的转变等特征信息对地面大风天气临近预警有较好的指示意义;降水粒子的拖曳作用和飑线的快速移动都对地面大风的产生及增幅有一定的作用。     

不同雷达观测资料同化对一次罕见飑线天气模拟的影响

选用WRF(weather research and forecasting)模式及其3D-Var(three-dimensional variation)同化系统,针对2018年3月4日发生在江西的一次罕见强飑线天气,探讨同化多普勒雷达不同观测资料对极端雷暴大风天气模拟预报的影响。结果表明：仅同化由雷达反射率反演的雨水、雪和霰粒子以及由其估算的水汽不能稳定改善模式对飑线雷达反射率的预报效果,尤其对地面大风和降水的预报起反效果;当联合同化雷达反射率与雷达径向风资料后,显著改进了模式对飑线发展演变过程中雷达反射率、地面降水和地面大风的预报效果,雷达反射率的同化呈现显著正效果。原因是仅同化雷达反射率对初始水成物及热力场影响较大,而对动力场调整微弱,随着积分时间增加,热力场对动力场的反馈作用不真实,高层出现虚假辐散风场,飑线前侧模拟出虚假层状云区,且未能改进飑线系统低层垂直风切变、冷池以及对流层中下层后侧入流的模拟,模拟的飑线移动和演变过程与实况有很大差距;当联合同化雷达反射率与雷达径向风资料后明显调整了初始动力、热力和水成物场,物理配置更符合实际,形成更有利于强飑线发生的垂直风切变和风场结...     

贵州一次暖区飑线大风与大冰雹的雷达结构特征分析

利用常规高空和地面探测、观测资料,地面加密自动站分钟数据资料以及榕江站、贵阳站C波段多普勒天气雷达探测资料,分析了2020年3月23日贵州强对流天气的环流形势,并重点分析了榕江飑线大风及长顺大冰雹雷达回波特征。结果表明:(1)此次飑线大风与大冰雹发生在南支槽前暖区,地面热低压发展推动辐合线移动、低层西南暖湿气流、中层干冷空气、合适的0℃和-20℃高度均为此次飑线大风及大冰雹的产生提供了有利的环境条件。(2)雷达回波大冰雹特征突出:强回波悬垂,有界弱回波区,弓形回波,中心强度强(60 dBz以上)且50 dBz强回波伸展超过-20℃高度达到9 km以上,垂直积分液态水含量最高达到了70 kg/m~2,连续超过两个体扫VIL≥60 kg/m~2,回波顶高连续超过两个体扫在15 km以上。(3)飑线雷达回波大风特征明显:弓形回波形态特征明显且移动较快,移速约40 km/h,低层径向速度大,中层径向辐合大风区下传,速度零线通过观测站后大风加速。(4)短临预警业务中,对飑线大风天气,应重点关注低仰角速度大值区、中层径向辐合和弓形带状回波生成后移动发展对下游地区的影响;对大冰雹天气,应重点关注大于50 dBz强回波垂直扩展的高度、VIL和ET高值区的维持等。     

"20060610飑线"的发展与移动

从飑线形成的环流背景、飑线形成的源地与变化、飑线的发展条件、飑线的移动等方面详细分析了2006年6月10日横扫浙江大部地区的雷雨大风、短时暴雨、局部冰雹等强对流的成因,认为这是一次典型的飑线天气过程,相似于浙江历史上强对流天气的统计类型与移动路径,其主要区别在于这次副热带高压不强,暖湿气流层次较低等。分析了飑线预警征兆,认为从环境场、数值预报资料等方面可以寻找有利于飑线发生发展的环流背景,应用卫星云图进行实时监测,并在雷达回波中予以核实。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.