东北振兴以来吉林省四化发展的协调性研究

运用耦合协调度模型、探索性空间数据分析和障碍度模型,判别东北振兴以来吉林省四化发展的协调性。结果表明：吉林省四化发展水平具有时间波动性和空间非均衡性,仅有农业现代化水平呈现递减态势,工业化和城镇化的空间分异不断缩小,信息化和农业现代化的空间分异逐渐增大;四化发展处于低水平耦合阶段,非同步性特征明显,中部城市群和东部沿边地区耦合度较高,西部内陆地区耦合度低,包括严重失调、中度失调和轻度失调三种类型;四化协调水平相似地区由离散分布向弱集聚状态转变,中部长吉、东部延边和通化地区是四化协调的热点或次热点,热点区县域不断减少,冷点区县域逐渐增加;2003年四化协调的前5项障碍指标是三产产值比重>人均GDP>非农人口比重>万人医院和卫生机构床位数>邮电业务指数,2012年前5项障碍指标是二产产值比重>二产从业人员比重>人均工业总产值>农业地均经济产出>农业劳均农产品产量,子系统障碍度大小排序为城镇化>农业现代化>工业化>信息化。最后,从区域战略政策、经济产业基础和自然地理环境探讨四化协调演化的驱动机制,并提出相应政策建议。     

评《中国“四化”同步发展时空演化格局、形成机理与模式选择研究》

正党的十八大报告首次提出"四化"同步发展战略,即坚持走中国特色新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化道路,推动信息化和工业化深度融合、工业化和城镇化良性互动、城镇化和农业现代化相互协调,促进工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化同步发展。其后,党中央更进一步地将生态文明建设融入"四化"发展的全过程,提出了"五化"协同发展战略目标。但"五化"协同发展过程中面临着各"化"之间、区域之间难以协调等诸多难     

中国“四化”协调发展的区域格局及其影响因素

工业化、城镇化、信息化与农业现代化（简称“四化”） 是促进城乡统筹和区域发展的现实需要与战略导向。本文着力构建综合评价指标体系以揭示我国地级区域四化协调发展的空间格局,借助空间计量经济模型探讨四化协调发展的影响因素,结合相关分析探讨四化协调指数与区域发展主要指标的关联关系,建立识别方法开展基于四化发展状态的问题区域识别研究。结果表明：四化各自发展水平、综合指数、耦合度、协调度均存在明显的空间差异;四化协调发展水平越高,区域经济发展水平和农村发展水平越高,而城乡居民的收入差距和消费差距越低;社会经济、交通区位及自然地理类要素对四化协调状况有不同程度的影响,尤以农业和农村的社会投资、财政投入及金融支持,以及大中型企业发展、道路基础设施建设、居民消费等因素对四化协调发展的影响更为稳健而积极;识别出四化发展存在若干问题的7 类计145 个地市,主要分布在中部传统农区、西南山地丘陵区和青藏高原区。在城乡转型发展新时期,推进四化协调发展既需要共性制度创新,还需要针对问题区域及其区域问题研制区域政策,有必要继续加大对农业农村的社会投资、财政投入与金融扶持力度,积极扩大内需,优化外向型经济发展战略,提升城镇投资和教育投资的效率。     

中原经济区“三化”协调的内在机理与定量分析

基于城市-区域系统模型,从"三化"的内在机理出发,提出了"三化"协调发展的"三位一体"社会工程系统模式。结合中原经济区"三化"协调的国家战略要求,分析了中原经济区"三化"协调发展的现状与问题,并通过整体协调评价、城镇化与工业化、产业结构三者对比模式、城乡协调度3个方面对中原经济区"三化"协调发展的实际情况进行定量分析,结果表明:①在城镇化的快速推进和农业现代化水平不断提高的同时,工业化水平提升的空间不足。②城镇化水平仍严重滞后于同期的工业化水平和产业结构比重。③城乡协调发展水平整体上呈现波动上升趋势,2001~2004年间与河南省的城乡协调发展差距较大,到2005年之后城乡协调发展水平才持续平稳上升。     

吉林省工业化、城镇化与农业现代化关系实证分析

工业化、城镇化和农业现代化相互影响,三者相互促进、相辅相成,有着内在的逻辑关系。通过建立吉林省工业化、城镇化和农业现代化评价指标体系,基于1991-2009年时间序列数据利用因子分析法计算了吉林省工业化、城镇化和农业现代化的发展指数,三条发展指数曲线相互交错,趋势基本相同,尤其是工业化和城镇化水平都在不断进步。但从三者对比来看,三化之间不同步现象明显,出现脱节现象。进而对其进行多变量协整检验,结果表明:"三化"在时间上并非同步而生,工业化的进步会滞后一期引起城镇化水平和农业现代化水平提高,工业化对"三化"的拉动作用在短期内立即体现,长期内需要工业化水平的不断提高才能为"三化"的进步提供源源不断的动力。农业现代化水平的提高也会促进城镇化水平提高,但是需要滞后三期才会体现。据此提出"三化"统筹的基本思路是"用农业化范式发展工业化","用工业化范式发展农业现代化","用工农业融合集聚发展城镇化"。     

长江经济带地级及以上城市“五化”协调发展格局研究

运用HR模型和耦合协调模型评价长江经济带每“两化”以及“五化”的协调发展指数,借助探索性空间数据分析探索“五化”协调发展指数的空间分布特征。结果表明：长江经济带“五化”发展指数中绿色化发展指数最高,农业现代化发展指数最低;“五化”发展指数上游地区绿色化指数最高,中游地区工业化指数最高,下游地区信息化、城镇化和农业现代化指数最高;“两化”协调发展指数最高为城镇化与信息化,最低为工业化与绿色化;“五化”协调发展指数空间格局为下游地区高于中游地区高于上游地区。     

湖南郴州市新型城镇化与新型工业化协调发展研究

基于新型城镇化与新型工业协调发展内涵,构建了新型城镇化与新型工业化协调发展综合评价指标体系。采用主成分分析法和模糊数学法测度了郴州市11个县域新型城镇化与新型工业化综合评价指数及其协调度。研究结果表明:郴州市新型城镇化与新型工业化协调度总体上处于"双低型"协调发展状态或不同程度的失调状态;空间分布上,处于低水平协调度状态或不同程度失调状态的县域主要分布在郴州市主要交通干线途经地区,而协调度高的县域则分布于郴州市边缘地区,究其原因是新型工业化水平影响了两者协调度水平及其空间分布。据此提出了郴州市新型城镇化与新型工业化协调度提升及其空间布局优化的策略。     

江苏省城镇化与农业产业化协调发展格局研究

通过构建城镇化与农业产业化发展综合评价指标体系,采用熵值法、模比系数、耦合协同度模型等方法,揭示江苏省55个县(市)的城镇化与农业产业化发展的格局特征,并探究两者耦合协调发展特征。结果发现:1)江苏省城镇化与农业产业化水平均呈现出较大的地域差异,"两化"高低水平的空间分布并不完全吻合,城镇化发展内部差异总体上大于农业产业化差异;2)"两化"耦合度与协同度空间分布差异明显,耦合度与协同度高低值的空间分布差异也较大,但整体协同水平不高;3)基于城镇化和农业产业化水平及其耦合协同度的分数特征,将江苏省划分为4种协调发展的地域类型,并分析其相应成因及发展对策,为江苏省推进"两化"协调互动提供决策依据。     

试论在档案信息化视阈下的地名档案编研成果产业化发展的构想

十八大报告将信息化列为“新四化”（即新型工业化、信息化、城镇化和农业现代化）之一,作为优先发展产业。指出要推动信息化和工业化的融合,发展现代信息技术产业体系,建设下一代信息基础设施。既为全国信息化提出了发展方向,也为地名档案信息化提供了前所未有的发展机遇。地名档案作为一种实用性和应用功能极强的信息资源,     

东北三省城乡协调发展格局及影响因素

以东北三省36个地区为研究对象,系统构建了城乡协调的指标体系,采用基尼系数、空间自相关和空间回归等方法探讨了2005年、2010年和2015年东北三省城乡协调的空间格局和影响机制。研究表明:① 东北三省城乡协调度的区域差异不断扩大且具有明显的空间集聚特征,但集聚程度趋于减弱。② 不同地区城乡协调水平变化各异。研究期内,大连市和锦州市一直处于高水平城乡协调状态,朝阳市长期处于低水平城乡协调状态。鹤岗市和七台河市城乡协调度位次上升最明显,哈尔滨市和辽源市城乡协调度位次下降最显著。③ 从空间格局来看,中级城乡协调区增多且向北移动,初级城乡协调区减少且向中部集中,“南北高,中间低”的城乡协调格局基本形成。与此同时,城乡协调的冷热点均不断收缩,空间极化效应趋于减弱。④ 城镇化和农业规模化经营是促进东北城乡协调发展的主要力量,工业化并未显著促进东北城乡协调发展且与城乡协调发展负相关,农业现代化经营对城乡协调发展有正向作用,交通因素在近些年的促进作用逐渐凸显,经济发展水平与信息化水平对东北城乡协调发展的作用还不明显。     

Women,Politics, Elections,and Citizenship

Abstract

Significantly more women than men are registered voters in the United States, and a higher proportion of women voters actually cast ballots on election day. Yet the 106th Congress (1999-2001) includes only 56 women members, 12% of the total membership of the House and Senate. Likewise, women hold only 22% of the total seats in state legislatures. The purpose of this article is to examine this paradox. It first examines the history of the women's movement in the United States. It then turns to an evaluation of women's progress in gaining elected office. Finally it considers three primary obstacles to women gaining equitable representation: solidarity among women, political culture, and the single-member district system now employed in the United States.     

Elevation, Age, Soil Development, and Chemical Weathering at Storbreen, Jotunheimen, Norway

Chemical weathering and associated soil development trends on glacial forelands are commonly assumed to exhibit increases with time elapsed since glaciation. However, this gross trend is complicated by several other factors including elevation, aspect, and microtopography. This paper demonstrates that on the glacial foreland at Storbreen, Jotunheimen, Norway, chemical weathering and associated soil development trends show significant elevational influences. We sampled soils at shallow depths (0–1, 1–5, and 15–20 cm) at two sites on a moraine dated to 1750 at its elevational extremes of 1155 m (site L) and 1385 m (site H). The two moraine sites also differed developmentally from an adjacent 9000-year-old surface (site T) at an intermediate elevation, 1205 m. Analyses were conducted on the fine-earth fractions. Extractable elemental composition exhibited detectable differences between the same-age soils at different elevations with the lower site L tending to have measured parameters intermediate between the high site H and the older site T. Weathering, as indicated by mineralogy, was more pronounced at the 9000-year-old site T and least evident at the high elevation site H. In addition, elevation under the conditions of the field research may inhibit pedogenesis as indicated by the chemical data. Site H, for example, showed little variation with depth and had in general, less organic matter accumulation, smaller C:N ratio, greater pH, and lesser amounts of the measured extractable elements than the soil at site L. Site T generally had smaller pH and larger levels of the measured elements than the other sites. It was concluded that elevation has a significant control on weathering and pedogenesis that may mask the effects of age in this cold and wet environment.     

FANTASY,GEOGRAPHY, WAGNER,AND OPERA*

ABSTRACT. Wilhelm Richard Wagner fused fantasy based on epic and lore with seamless scores, using landscapes and urban images to forge spatial order on stage. As a footloose composer-conductor, Wagner was considered a globetrotter for his time, and from trans-European tours he drew inspiration for numerous stagings. Nine of his operas have rustic pastoral settings, with actors silhouetted against geological formations, forests, vistas of undulating terrain for pilgrimages, or raging seas, all visually believable scenery. Rienzi and Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg are urban in setting, whereas Die Feen and Das Liebesverbot are set in a castle-like format.     

Race,Gender, and Constrained Work Trips in Buffalo,NY, 1990

This study investigates whether women's short commutes should be interpreted as constrained or convenient work trips by examining how race, gender, travel mode, occupation, residential location, workplace location, and Inc.ome affect commuting time. The analysis is restricted to a sample of European American and African American male and female workers residing in Buffalo, New York, and the surrounding county using data drawn from the Public Use Microdata Samples of the 1990 U.S. census. Given the pervasive gender wage gap, women unsurprisingly have more compromised (short commutes to low-Inc.ome jobs) work trips than do men. Multivariate analysis reveals that among those who reverse commute to suburban locations, African American women have the longest work trips.     

Time,Action, Space

Postmetropolis deepens Edward Soja's engagement with the sociospatial dialectic, one of his major contributions to urban theory. It also represents an uncharacteristic foray into history. The objectives of my contribution are to probe his treatment of time and to extend his sociospatial dialectic into the realm of actor-network theory, thereby further situating the materiality of the city at the theoretical center of social thought.     

Race,Gender, and Constrained Work Trips in Buffalo,NY, 1990

This study investigates whether women's short commutes should be interpreted as constrained or convenient work trips by examining how race, gender, travel mode, occupation, residential location, workplace location, and Inc.ome affect commuting time. The analysis is restricted to a sample of European American and African American male and female workers residing in Buffalo, New York, and the surrounding county using data drawn from the Public Use Microdata Samples of the 1990 U.S. census. Given the pervasive gender wage gap, women unsurprisingly have more compromised (short commutes to low-Inc.ome jobs) work trips than do men. Multivariate analysis reveals that among those who reverse commute to suburban locations, African American women have the longest work trips.