Tectonic Phase Separation Applied to the Sudetic Marginal Fault Zone(NE part of the Czech Republic)

This study emphasizes the advantage of tectonic phase separation in determination of a tectonic evolution of complicated fault zones. The research focused on the Sudetic Marginal Fault Zone(SMFZ) –a 250 km long active fault zone with documented intraplate seismicity situated on the NE margin of the Bohemian Massif(the Czech Republic). The tectonic history of the SMFZ as well as its kinematic development has been rather complicated and not quite understood. A field structural investigation was carried out in extensive surroundings of the fault zone. The fault-slip data were collected in a number of natural outcrops and quarries with the aim at establishing a robust and field-constrained model for local brittle structural evolution of the studied area. A paleostress analysis was calculated using the collected fault-slip data inversion. The T-Tecto software was utilized for semiautomatic separation of the paleostress phases. Simultaneously three methods of data separation were employed:(1) the Gauss inverse method,(2) the Visualization of Gauss object Function, and(3) the frequency analysis. Within the fault zone multiphase movements were observed on various types of faults as well as wide range of the kinematic indicators orientations. The frequency analysis confirmed the multiphase history of the SMFZ. The calculated tectonic phases were divided according to their relative age as constrained by cross cutting relationships and, where observed, multiple striations on a single fault plane and classified from the oldest to the younger. Data separation and inversion usingT-Tecto software with the Gauss inverse method revealed four different stress phases which are 3 strike-slip stress regimes and one compressional regime. The strike-slip regimes are characterized by σ1 trending NW-SE(43), NNE-SSW(18), ENE-WSW(76) and the compressional one by σ1 trending W-E(26). First, compression occurred parallel to the SMFZ supposedly during the Variscan period. Second, compression at an angle of 60° to general direction of the SMFZ yielded right-lateral movement along the fault zone. This is considered to have occurred during the late-Variscan and post-Variscan period. Third, compression in the W-E direction with almost vertical extension led to reverse movement along the fault zone. This is considered to have occurred during Cenozoic. Fourth, compression almost perpendicular to the SMFZ led to left-lateral transpression along the SMFZ. This is considered to have occurred during Quaternary.     

Source tectonic dynamics features of Jiuzhaigou M_s 7.0 earthquake in Sichuan Province,China

On August 8, 2017, a Ms 7.0 earthquake occurred 5 km to the west of Jiuzhaigou National Park, causing 25 deaths and injuring 525. The objective of this study was to explore the seismogenic fault of the earthquake and tectonic dynamics of the source rupture. Field investigations, radon activity tests, remote sensing interpretations, and geophysical data analyses were carried out immediately after the earthquake. The Jiuzhaigou earthquake occurred at the intersection of the northern margin of the Minshan uplift belt and the south part of the Wenxian–Maqin fault in the south margin of the West Qinling geosyncline. There are two surface rupture zones trending northwest(NW), which are ground coseismic ruptures caused by concealed earthquake faults. The rupture on the southwest is the structure triggering the earthquake, along the Jiuzhaitiantang–Epicenter–Wuhuahai. The other one on the northeast(Shangsizhai–Zhongcha–Bimang) is a reactivation and extension of the secondary fault trending NW. The source rupture of this earthquake is a strike-slipshear fracture associated with the fault plane trending NW 331° and steeply dipping 75°, which is continuously expanding at both ends. The tectonic dynamics process of the source rupture is that the "Jiuzhaigou protrusion" is left-lateral sheared along the seismogenic fault in the NW direction. Finally, the Maqin fault and the arc fault system at the top of the "Wenxian protrusion" will be gradually broken through sometime in far future, as well as earthquaketriggered landslides will be further occurred along the narrow corridor between the seismogenic faults. The research results revealed the basic geological data and tectonic dynamic mechanism in this earthquake.     

Ore-controlling effect of structure and distribution of deep rock mass on Pb-Zn deposit in Qingchengzi ore concentration area,Liaoning

Qingchengzi ore concentration area in Liao-Ji rift is an important lead-zinc ore area of China,and the deep prospecting in this area has great prospects.Based on the spatial occurrence of ore bodies the Pb-Zn deposit can be divided into three types:layered,vein-shaped and pinnate.The deep geological conditions in this area are deduced by analyzing the tectonic evolution process and rock mass gravity inversion.The tectonic evolution of Liao-Ji rift can be divided into three stages:Paleoproterozoic extension period,Mesoproterozoic compression period and Mesozoic reactivation period.The magmatic activities in the Indosinian epoch led to the distribution pattern of the present deposits.According to the gravity inversion,Shuangdinggou-and Xinling rock masses on the north and south sides of the mining area are connected in the deep.The connected rock body might be distributed in the entire mining area.Xinling rock mass may be a branch extending from Shuangdinggou rock mass along the northeast trending fault,the connected rocks provide magmatic hydrothermal fluid for the final,folds and faults result in different types of ore body shapes.     

Large scale mass movements triggered by the Kashmir earthquake 2005, Pakistan

The SPOT image analysis in Muzaffarabad Azad Kashmir,northwest Himalayas,Pakistan reveals that the Kashmir earthquake 2005 triggered a number of coseismic mass movements along the hanging wall block of the Muzaffarabad Fault.The Neelidandi and Langarpura rock falls have been identified as two major reactivated mass movements with an estimated volume of 3.1 × 106m3and 5.76 × 106m3,respectively.The Neelidandi and Langarpura mass movements were initiated during earthquake in the direction of northwest-southeast extension and northeastsouthwest directed thrusting,respectively.The Neelidandi rock fall occurred in sheared cherty dolomites and limestones of the Cambrian Muzaffarabad Formation,whereas the Langarpura rock fall occurred in alternating clays,shales,claystones,siltstones and sandstones of the Miocene Murree Formation.These rock units along the fault are highly fractured and jointed.The geotechnical maps and geological longitudinal profiles show the relationship between the geometrical characteristics and mechanism of these mass movements.Their characteristics were analyzed according to the role of topographic,seismic,geological and tectonic factors.The steep topography,sheared rocks,lithology,coseismic uplift and strong ground shaking of the hanging wall block along Muzaffarabad Fault facilitated the gravity collapse of these mass movements.     

Geochronology and geochemistry of Hutouya monzonitic granite of Qimantage,Qinghai

The geochemical features of the monzonitic granite in Qimantage Hutouya deposit area,Qinghai,in respect to the mineralization,suggest that this granite belongs to weak peraluminous and high-k calc alkaline rock series. The REE of the samples show right slope with obvious LREE/HREE differentiation and negative Eu abnormity. The trace elements show enrichment of LILE( Rb,Th,U,La,Nd),and deleption of Ba,Sr,Nd,P,Ti. The Sr-Nb isotopic data indicate that the magma source is mainly aluminosilicate lower crust with a small amount of new crustal materials. The weighted mean zircon U-Pbage of the Hutouya monzonitic granite is 221±1.7 Ma,belonging to Late Triassic. The Hutouya monzonitic granite was formed in the tectonic setting of transition from compression to extension during Middle-Late Triassic.     

Spatial distribution of large-scale landslides induced by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake

The 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008 induced hundreds of large-scale landslides. This paper systematically analyzes 112 large-scale landslides (surface area > 50000 m2), which were identified by interpretation of remote sensing imagery and field investigations. The analysis suggests that the distribution of large-scale landslides is affected by the following four factors: (a) distance effect: 80% of studied large-scale landslides are located within a distance of 5 km from the seismic faults. The farther the distance to the faults, the lower the number of large-scale landslides; (b) locked segment effect: the large-scale landslides are mainly located in five concentration zones closely related with the crossing, staggering and transfer sections between one seismic fault section and the next one, as well as the end of the NE fault section. The zone with the highest concentration was the Hongbai-Chaping segment, where a great number of large-scale landslides including the two largest landslides were located. The second highest concentration of large-scale landslides was observed in the Nanba-Donghekou segment at the end of NE fault, where the Donghekou landslide and the Woqian landslide occurred; (c) Hanging wall effect: about 70% of the large-scale landslides occurred on the hanging wall of the seismic faults; and (d) direction effect: in valleys perpendicular to the seismic faults, the density of large-scale landslides on the slopes facing the seismic wave is obviously higher than that on the slopes dipping in the same direction as the direction of propagation of the seismic wave. Meanwhile, it is found that the sliding and moving directions of large-scale landslides are related to the staggering direction of the faults in each section. In Qingchuan County where the main fault activity was horizontal twisting and staggering, a considerable number of landslides showed the feature of sliding and moving in NE direction which coincides with the staggering direction of the seismic faults.     

Instability mechanism of mining roadway passing through fault at different angles in kilometre-deep mine and control measures of roof cutting and NPR cables

The angle α between the fault strike and the axial direction of the roadway produces different damage characteristics. In this paper, the research methodology includes theoretical analyses, numerical simulations and field experiments in the context of the Daqiang coal mine located in Shenyang, China. The stability control countermeasure of "pre-splitting cutting roof + NPR anchor cable"(PSCR-NPR) is simultaneously proposed. According to the different deformation characteristics of the roadway, t...     

Mechanism of spatial emplacement of Shanhou gold ore body in Laixi of Shandong and its prospecting significance

Through analysis of geological characteristics of the gold deposit,the shape,occurrence,and spatial distribution of ore-controlling fault plane in the Shanhou mining area were investigated,and the regularities of enrichment and emplacement of ore body were summarized. The analysis shows that the Shanhou gold deposit was controlled by NE-NNE Zhaoping fault zone; the fault gouge developed in fault zone provides a barrier to ore-bearing hydrothermal solution,and the industrial ore body is all distributed within 40 m of footwall of main fault plane. The industrial ore body is mainly enriched in the NE positions of fault where the deep dips changed to flat dips,and shows the obvious regularity of NE lateral trending with angle around 75°. The stress analysis of fault in mineralization epoch showed that the ore-controlling structure presented the characteristics of righthanded rotation inverse-fault activity in mineralization epoch,and the host space tended to occur in NE regional tension positions where the dips become flat in the strike of fault,causing emplacement of ore body. It is thought by combining equal interval distribution of deposit with spatial variation of industrial ore body and orecontrolling fault structure that the Shanhou gold deposit recurred in regularity and the non-ore interval occurred in the ore body. Meanwhile,it is predicted that the favorable target area of prospecting lies in the areas of deep main fault plane with NE strike( 30°) and the deep dips changing to flat dips in the Shanhou mining area,and the prospecting should be emphasized. The favorable deep mineralization prospect exists in middle Beibo mining area,where is the key area for future prospecting.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF MAGNETIC ANOMALIES OVER TRANSFORM FAULTS AND INTERPRETATION OF MAGNETIC ANOMALIES IN THE DAVIS STRAIT

Transform fault delineation is important for determining the direction of plate motion during sea floor spreading. The analysis of marine magnetic anomalies is one of the most powerful geophysical methods for this purpose. In this paper the characteristics of the magnetic anomalies over some transform fault zones in the North Pacific and in the North Atlantic are discussed. From comparison of the characteristics of these magnetic anomalies over transform fault zones with those of the NE-SW anomaly zone in the Davis Strait, the latter anomaly zone is interpreted not as the expression of a transform fault zone caused by horizontal movement during sea floor spreading but as an anomaly zone caused by basalt and therefore is inferred to be the expression of a fault zone produced by vertical crystal movement during volcanic activities. We discuss here the identification and correlation of linear anomalies in the Davis Strait region, and propose our hypothesis on the spreading history of the Davis Strait.     

Seismogenic fault and topography control on the spatial patterns of landslides triggered by the 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake

Jiuzhaigou National Park, located in northwest plateau of Sichuan Province, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and one of the most popular scenic areas in China. On August 8, 2017, a Mw 6.5 earthquake occurred 5 km to the west of a major scenic area, causing 25 deaths and injuring 525, and the Park was seriously affected. The objective of this study was to explore the controls of seismogenic fault and topographic factors on the spatial patterns of these landslides. Immediately after the main shock, field survey, remote-sensing investigations, and statistical and spatial analysis were undertaken. At least 2212 earthquake-triggered landslides were identified, covering a total area of 11.8 km~2. Thesewere mainly shallow landslides and rock falls. Results demonstrated that landslides exhibited a close spatial correlation with seismogenic faults. More than 85% of the landslides occurred at 2200 to 3700 m elevations. The largest quantity of landslides was recorded in places with local topographic reliefs ranging from 200 to 500 m. Slopes in the range of ~20°-50° are the most susceptible to failure. Landslides occurred mostly on slopes facing east-northeast(ENE), east(E), east-southeast(ESE), and southeast(SE), which were nearly vertical to the orientation of the seismogenic fault slip. The back-slope direction and thin ridge amplification effects were documented. These results provide insights on the control of the spatial pattern of earthquake-triggered landslides modified by the synergetic effect of seismogenic faults and topography.     

Structural feature and tectonic evolution of Awati——Bachu area in Tarim Basin

The research area is situated in the western part of Tarim basin,which includes Awati depression and Bachu uplifted block. It underwent three times processes of compression in a large scale and a near term extension since Cambrian. The first compression occurred during Middle Cambrian to Devonian, which formed fault band folds in NW axial direction. They were "under-water uplift"and distributed all over the research area. The second compression occurred in Late Permian and formed fault band folds and a few fault propagation folds in NS axial direction. They are developed near Tumuxiuke fault belt and the northern research area. The western anticline is bigger than the eastern one in extent and size. The third compression occurred during Palaeogene to Quaternary and formed tumuxiuke fault belt and fault propagation folds in NW direction. They are distributed over the south part of the research area. Tumuxiuke fault belt is a big scale dextral reversed strike-slip fault belt; it transformed or destroyed the fold structure of the research area. A short-term extension occurred during Early Permian. Tarim Basin is in the rift forming stage of craton, and there exist widespread basic volcanic rocks, basic intrusive bodies and dikes.     

一种高精度数字地温测量系统

介绍了采用高Ｑ值石英测温晶体组成的高精度数字温度传感器。该传感器在高分辨率和宽温度范围内频率随温度的变化呈线性关系，其主要特点是抗干扰能力强及数字量输出。阐述了由单片机组成的测量系统，它对传感器输出的地温频率信号进行信息处理、数值转换并显示、打印及远距离传输。该系统除用于地温前兆观测外，还用于高精度机械加工的环境温度测量。     

济宁煤田济北矿区构造展布规律分析

通过对济宁北矿区区域构造特征以及区内各井田地质资料的统计研究分析,系统总结了该矿区断层构造的发育特征和展布组合规律。研究发现：在区域上,研究区构造以断裂为主,且规模和强度较大,褶皱强度小,均为宽缓褶皱。矿区内的主要断裂有两组,一组为SN向的区域性断裂,构成井田边界,另一组为由其附生的NE向断裂,使其开采地质条件复杂化。区内NE向褶皱发育,多呈背、向斜相间分布。     

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商南地区秦岭群中的韧性伸展构造

在秦岭造山带核部秦岭群变质岩系中,发育有自NWW向SEE方向拉伸的深层次韧性伸展构造。表现为具有定的代表伸展运动方向的塑性拉伸线理、不对称顺层韧性剪切褶皱及横向置换面理等。态因后期挤压收缩作用已发生改变。伸展作用发生于加里东期挤压收缩、构造叠置、陆壳增厚之后,与晚加里东—早海西期大量花岗质深成岩体的上隆侵位密切相关,伸展作用方向近平行造山带走向,时代可能为早海西期。     

济南白泉泉群形成机理研究

白泉泉群位于济南市历城区,有花泉、柳叶泉等20余处。20世纪五六十年代,因泉群四溢,形成一片开阔水域,泉群周围稻香四飘,荷塘遍地,因其独特的出露方式,在济南众多泉水中具有十分重要的地位。白泉泉域是一个相对独立的水文地质单元,南部以地表分水岭为界;北部以石炭、二叠系与岩浆岩接触带为界;东、西边界分别为相对阻水的文祖断裂和东坞断裂,总面积为783.48 km2。其南部山区大面积的寒武-奥陶纪石灰岩,大气降水在此入渗并向北径流,在王舍人、济钢附近遇到石炭、二叠系和岩浆岩体阻隔,在第四系薄弱处涌出地表。该文以前人所做的大量地质、水文地质工作为基础,从地貌、地层、构造、补给等条件入手深入分析研究了济南白泉泉群的形成机理,从而为白泉泉群的保护提供科学的地质依据。     

伽师地震与区域断层活动研究

利用GPS、连续倾斜和地震活动性资料分析了伽师地区构造活动的特点和伽师强震群的动力背景，结果表明：在印度洋板块的挤压下，塔里木盆地的右旋腑冲运动是造成南天山区地震活动的主要原因；1996年3月19日伽师阿图什6．7级地震，强烈地影响了该地区块体由向西南倾斜转向北向倾斜，并可能成为诱伽师地区强震群活动的主要动力因素，利用1998年和1999年对该地区GPS测量的结果，给出了该地区断层活动的水平。     

Source tectonic dynamics features of Jiuzhaigou <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>s</Subscript> 7.0 earthquake in Sichuan Province,China

On August 8, 2017, a M_s 7.0 earthquake occurred 5 km to the west of Jiuzhaigou National Park, causing 25 deaths and injuring 525. The objective of this study was to explore the seismogenic fault of the earthquake and tectonic dynamics of the source rupture. Field investigations, radon activity tests, remote sensing interpretations, and geophysical data analyses were carried out immediately after the earthquake. The Jiuzhaigou earthquake occurred at the intersection of the northern margin of the Minshan uplift belt and the south part of the Wenxian–Maqin fault in the south margin of the West Qinling geosyncline. There are two surface rupture zones trending northwest (NW), which are ground coseismic ruptures caused by concealed earthquake faults. The rupture on the southwest is the structure triggering the earthquake, along the Jiuzhaitiantang–Epicenter–Wuhuahai. The other one on the northeast (Shangsizhai–Zhongcha–Bimang) is a reactivation and extension of the secondary fault trending NW. The source rupture of this earthquake is a strike-slip shear fracture associated with the fault plane trending NW 331° and steeply dipping 75°, which is continuously expanding at both ends. The tectonic dynamics process of the source rupture is that the “Jiuzhaigou protrusion” is left-lateral sheared along the seismogenic fault in the NW direction. Finally, the Maqin fault and the arc fault system at the top of the “Wenxian protrusion” will be gradually broken through sometime in far future, as well as earthquaketriggered landslides will be further occurred along the narrow corridor between the seismogenic faults. The research results revealed the basic geological data and tectonic dynamic mechanism in this earthquake.     

内蒙古自治区翁牛特旗姚家店铅锌矿地质特征

内蒙古自治区翁牛特旗姚家店铅锌矿矿床为一受NW向断裂带构造控制的中低温岩浆热液充填交代型铅锌矿床,形成于燕山晚期,矿体呈脉状产于二叠世额里图组安山质凝灰岩之构造破碎带内,形态产状严格受断裂构造控制。矿石为硅化、黄铁矿化碎裂岩型铅锌矿石。     

破头青断裂水旺庄矿区矿床地质特征及找矿方向

破头青断裂为招(远)-平(度)断裂带东北段,为区内一级控矿断裂。通过论述水旺庄矿区地质特征,总结破头青断裂深部控矿特征,证实该区矿体严格受构造蚀变带控制,新发现的②号蚀变带,与破头青构造蚀变带叠加,合成一个垂直厚度达700m的构造蚀变带。②号蚀变带发育以灰黑色断层泥为标志的断裂面;分带明显,蚀变带中心为黄铁绢英岩质碎裂岩。该带稳定性较好,且蚀变规模较大,控制矿体连续性较好,深部沿倾斜方向均未封闭。深部找矿前景巨大。