极化SAR影像海面船只目标自动检测方法研究

正我国领海广阔,海洋资源丰富,SAR影像海面船只目标检测技术对监视海运交通、非法捕鱼、监测船只非法倾倒油污、维护海洋权益及提高海防预警能力等方面具有重要意义。单极化SAR影像仅包含强度/幅度信息,而极化SAR通过不同的收发极化组合可测量获得描述观测目标的极化散射矩阵,能完全表征观测目标的极化散射特性,具有比单极化SAR信息含量高的特点。因     

合成孔径侧视雷达影象平面加密精度

本文是通过三条合成孔径侧视雷达航带影象的几何处理,检验它的平面加密精度,分析其今后测制中小比例尺地图的前景。几何处理分两步进行:(1)由雷达影象改化成地面坐标。这个过程包括影象的测距方向,航向,地面高差和地球弯曲等项改正。(2)由地面坐标变换到大地坐标。根据158个检查点计算坐标均方根误差(以影象比例尺表示)为m_x=0.09mm,m_y=0.08mm,m_s=0.12mm。以上的精度完全满足测制1:5万地图加密点精度要求,同时也适合于测制边远地区1:2.5万地图精度。根据实际计算结果表明,由地面变换到大地坐标,最佳精度并不一定是Derenyi,Leberl推导的高次多项式,而是不含有y²项的二次多项式,因此可以认为二次多项式为该雷达系统成象变形规律。理论的分析与计算结果说明,侧视雷达影象的改化,特需考虑投影差的改正,它能显着地提高平面精度,而侧视雷达航带影象的分段处理也有利于提高平面精度。     

InSAR基本原理

作为InSAR系列讲座的第三篇，本文首先介绍干涉相位信号及InSAR测高与探测形变的基本原理。最后比较并讨论其在地表高程和形变测量中的敏感程度。     

机载合成孔径雷达测图技术研究

合成孔径雷达具有全天候全天时的数据获取、有效地识别伪装和穿透掩盖物等独特优势。本文以四川若尔盖地区1∶10000地形图生产为例,阐述利用机载雷达影像获取地理信息要素的过程与方法,应用研究表明合成孔径雷达测图技术在解决多云雾地区地理信息数据获取方面具有明显优势。     

An Adaptive Contoured Window Filter for Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar

An adaptive contoured window filter is proposed to filter off the noise from phase images of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) in this letter. The contoured windows can best satisfy the requirement that constrains the phase signal constant inside windows on which low-pass filtering can remove the noise well while the fringe phases are well preserved. The contoured windows are determined by tracing along the local fringe orientation. An algorithm for determining window sizes adaptive to the fringe density is also proposed. The theoretical analysis and experiments prove that the proposed filter can greatly remove decorrelation noise while preserving the fringe phase well, even for those fringes with strong curvatures for InSAR processing     

地基合成孔径雷达的发展现状及应用

为了使地基合成孔径雷达（ground-based synthetic aperture radar,GB-SAR）在地表微变形监测领域得到更广泛的应用,首先概述了GB-SAR的主要类型,并选择几种具有代表性的系统介绍了其工作原理及重要参数。然后以中国安全生产科学研究院自主研发的边坡合成孔径雷达型地基雷达为例,总结了常规差分干涉处理中的重要技术,利用相似模拟实验验证了GB-SAR的监测精度,并且展现了GB-SAR在露天矿山边坡监测、矿山排土场监测和山体滑坡应急救援监测方面的应用。最后提出了GB-SAR在变形监测中存在的一些问题以及后续发展中的建议。     

“雷达干涉测量”课程教学设计与实践

雷达干涉测量作为遥感对地观测领域中的热点学科,受到测绘、地质、矿业、水利、国土资源、航空航天、地震等各行各业的广泛关注。为了适应科技发展对雷达干涉测量高级人才的需求,许多高校开设了或即将开设“雷达干涉测量”等相关课程。结合东北大学在“雷达干涉测量”课程教学及实践中的经验,围绕课程教学设计、教学方法、教学实践中遇到的问题及解决方案等方面进行了详细探讨,为促进高素质雷达遥感人才培养工作贡献力量。     

改进的机载SAR多普勒中心估计方法

线性相位误差导致机载SAR成像后目标的位置发生偏离,从而改变多普勒中心频率.研究线性相位误差的特点,提出一种改进的杂波锁定估计方法.该方法通过对方位谱能量重心的精确估计来得到多普勒中心初始的选代预置值.精度优于原有多普勒中心估计方法,点目标成像上效果明显.最后使用机裁雷达真实数据检验该方法的有效性.     

GB-InSAR技术及其形变监测

地基InSAR(GB-InSAR)是最近10年发展起来的一种相对较新的形变监测技术。本文阐述了GB-InSAR技术的国内外研究现状、基于GB-InSAR技术的IBIS-L系统,以及GB-InSAR的基本原理、数据处理流程和关键技术,提出了GB-InSAR技术存在的主要问题及今后的发展方向。     

地基合成孔径雷达技术研究与初步应用

阐述了地基合成孔径雷达测量的技术原理和应用方向,归纳了地基雷达形变测量的主要技术流程.通过实地测试验证其精度,地基合成孔径雷达技术具备探测毫米-亚毫米级形变信息的能力,地基雷达设备稳定可靠,具有广泛的应用前景.最后揭示地基合成孔径雷达技术在变形监测及预警中的问题,同时提出下一步的工作安排.     

合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)关键技术研究

合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)技术是近二十年来迅速发展起来的空间对地观测新技术。简述InSAR干涉处理过程的基础上,重点介绍并分析了其关键技术SAR图像配准和相位解缠的常用算法,并对由ERS1/2得到的两幅复杂SAR图像为实验对象,综合使用图像配准和相位解缠的经典算法对SAR图像配准生成干涉图,对干涉图相位解缠。最后简要介绍国内外InSAR技术发展方面的现状及发展趋势。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">3D</Emphasis> Modelling of Urban Area Using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a newly-developed remote sensing technology that works in all weather and independent of daylight. Recent satellite designs such as TerraSAR-x, which have resolutions of a couple of meters and sub-meters, have provided appropriate data for modelling and monitoring of urban areas. Image classification and height information extraction is possible considering the nature of SAR data. In this paper, a proper classification method for high-resolution SAR images has been used in urban areas. This classifier is based on statistical models. First, statistical models that are well adapted to urban SAR images are selected. Initial labelling is performed using the maximum likelihood method. A method based on Markov random fields is applied to improve the results by considering neighbourhood information. Meanwhile, topographic information is extracted using the phase difference obtained from SAR interferometry. After classification and height extraction, the homogeneous regions consisting of locations with similar objects are determined. The homogeneous region adjacency graph are generated using vectors containing classification information, extracted objects, height of pixels forming each region, and information on the neighbouring areas. Height and classification information are then merged by assigning height conditions based on the nature of objects and optimizing an energy function. The results obtained, including buildings, streets, and corner reflectors, are easily recognizable. The overall accuracy is improved from 57% in the initial classification to 95% in the employed procedure. Moreover, the accuracy of height estimation is about 2.74 m, which is acceptable for height estimations of buildings with more than one floor.     

合成孔径雷达高度计的波形重跟踪与仿真试验分析

基于初步研究获得的合成孔径雷达高度计卷积模型,推导获得合成孔径雷达高度计波形关于时间偏移、合成上升时间、信号幅度3个参数偏导数的卷积计算公式,利用数值积分及傅里叶变换实现合成孔径高度计回波模型的重跟踪。在多个单位联合协同下,利用仿真轨道、对流层、电离层及潮汐等模型生成了合成孔径模式下的回波波形。对比表明,仿真生成的合成孔径模式下的回波波形与CryoSat-2卫星SAR模式下的回波波形整体形状一致。利用仿真波形数据进行重跟踪试验,结果表明在20Hz数据条件下(约350m分辨率),合成孔径模式下的重跟踪精度达到5cm,较之传统模式有一定的提高。     

全极化SAR数据的最大后验概率分类

结合后验概率对分类的影响和全极化SAR数据特点,提出了一种全极化SAR数据分类方法。首先将全极化SAR数据的协方差矩阵转换为9个服从正态分布的强度量;然后通过迭代分类计算类别出现的概率,对9个强度量进行基于最大后验概率的分类。以黑龙江省逊克县境内的一景ALOS PALSAR全极化数据为例,用该方法进行分类,总体精度和Kappa系数分别达到81.34%和0.84,优于传统的最大似然分类方法。     

多视处理对SAR船只探测的影响

合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR)成像过程中会出现斑点噪声,一般用多视处理减少图像的斑点噪声,这对合成孔径雷达船只探测造成了一定的影响.本文对不同视数SAR图像的等效视数、空间分辨率和船只海面对比度进行了分析,结果表明:一方面,多视处理增加了等效视数,改善了图像质量,更有利于船只探测;但另一方面,多视处理又降低了图像空间分辨率和船只海面对比度,对船只探测产生不利影响.最后本文选取了窗口滤波法和K分布法两种典型的SAR船只探测方法对多视处理的SIR-C SAR图像进行了船只探测试验,得到了最适合船只探测的多视处理的视数.     

监测城市基础设施健康的星载MT-InSAR方法介绍

星载合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)技术是近年来迅猛发展的一种空间对地观测技术,在InSAR基础上提出的多时相InSAR(MT-InSAR)方法,利用同一地区的多景SAR影像对时序稳定点(PS)进行精确分析,极大地降低了大气延迟等带来的测量误差,使得形变监测精度达到了厘米级到毫米级,可对城市基础设施进行大范围高精度的连续监测。本文通过对MT-InSAR技术发展的综述,总结了目前MT-InSAR技术在基础设施健康监测方面的关键问题和应用领域,并对未来MT-InSAR在城市应用方面的发展提出了展望。     

合成孔径雷达在农业监测中的应用和展望

合成孔径雷达(SAR)技术具有全天时全天候的监测优势,且随着多频、多极化SAR技术的发展,在农业上取得了越来越广泛的应用。归纳了SAR技术在农业监测中的应用进展,主要包括SAR技术在农作物分类和面积提取、农业物理及生物参数反演、农作物物候监测、农业灾害监测等方面的应用;并揭示了SAR技术在农业监测上的潜力和局限性。     

合成孔径雷达技术在地理国情普查中的应用

以四川省丹棱地区地理国情普查生产为例,阐述了基于高分辨率机载合成孔径雷达(SAR)影像,利用机载SAR处理技术提取地理国情普查中地表覆盖分类要素与地理国情要素的过程与方法。研究表明,机载SAR技术在多云雾地区地理国情数据获取方面具有显著优势。     

Snow Cover Area Mapping Using Synthetic Aperture Radar in Manali Watershed of Beas River in the Northwest Himalayas

The current study has used Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite data to estimate the Snow Cover Area (SCA) in Manali watershed of Beas River in Northwest Himalayas of Himachal Pradesh, India. SAR data used in this study is of Radarsat-2 (RS2) and Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT), Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR). The SAR preprocessing was done with SAR image processing tools for converting raw SAR images into calibrated geo-coded backscatter images. Maps for forest, built area, layover and shadow were created and used for masking snow cover in these areas. The backscattering ratio of wet snow to reference image threshold method with value range from ?2 to ?3 db was used to estimate wet SCA for study area. In this technique, if the threshold is too high (≥-2 db) wet SCA is overestimated and if it is too low (≤-3db), this method underestimates the SCA. The wet SCA is under/over estimated (+6 % to?8 % on average) in late spring season due to the inherent terrain and SAR imaging effects of layover/foreshortening and shadow and also due to the masking of forest areas. Overall, the SCA derived from SAR data matches well when compared with total SCA derived from cloud free optical remote sensing data products, especially during wet season.     

Improving the Wishart Synthetic Aperture Radar image classifications through Deterministic Simulated Annealing

This paper proposes the use of Deterministic Simulated Annealing (DSA) for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image classification for cluster refinement. We use the initial classification provided by the maximum-likelihood classifier based on the complex Wishart distribution that is then supplied to the DSA optimization approach. The goal is to improve the classification results obtained by the Wishart approach. The improvement is verified by computing a cluster separability coefficient. During the DSA optimization process, for each iteration and for each pixel, two consistency coefficients are computed taking into account two kinds of relations between the pixel under consideration and its neighbors. Based on these coefficients and on the information coming from the pixel itself, it is re-classified. Several experiments are carried out to verify that the proposed approach outperforms the Wishart strategy. We try to improve the classification results by considering the spatial influences received by a pixel through its neighbors. Finally, a link about the contribution of DSA to thematic mapping is also established.