两种江珧雌雄同体及性转换现象

通过对江珧科两物种栉江珧、二色裂江珧的性腺组织学切片观察,发现性转换及雌雄同体的个体,雌雄滤泡在性腺中分布有两种类型,一种为滤泡混合型,另一种为滤泡并存型。性变方向有雄性转化为雌性、雌性转化为雄性及两种性别均衡发育等三种类型,且以雄性转化为雌性为主。据此推测性变及雌雄同体在江珧科是较普遍存在的现象。     

3种江珧同工酶遗传标记

通过对江珧科的栉江珧、旗江珧及二色裂江珧三物种的 5种组织 (消化盲囊、肾组织、外套膜、后闭壳肌和鳃组织 )进行垂直板状聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离技术 ,研究江珧科的 SOD、EST同工酶酶谱 ,结果表明 ,不同种间的个体其酶谱表型有稳定的差异 ,同属的种间差异小于不同属的种间差异 ,即酶谱的差异程度与形态分类学中的亲缘关系相关。可利用其酶谱表型具有种特异性作为一种蛋白分子标记 ,应用于江珧物种尤其是经济品种的鉴定上     

3种江珧同工酶遗传标记

通过江珧科的栉江珧、旗江珧及二色裂江珧三种物的５种组织（消化盲囊、肾组织、外套膜、后闭壳肌和鳃组织）进行垂直板状聚丙烯烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离技术,研究江珧科的ＳＯＤ、ＥＳＴ同工酶酶谱,结果表明,不同种间的个体其酶谱表型有稳定的差异,同属的种间差异小于不同种的种间差异,即酶谱的差异程度与形态分类学中的亲缘关系相关。可利用其酶谱表型具有种特异性作为一种蛋白分子标记,应用于江珧物种尤其是经济品种的鉴定上。     

有棘和无棘两种表型栉江珧同工酶差异的比较

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对有棘和无棘两种不同表型的栉江珧的外套膜组织进行了ＥＳＴ和ＳＯＤ同工酶比较研究。结果显示这两种类型的酶谱表达有一定差异,但同时也存在中间类型,表明有棘和无棘的表型差异,尚不能提供它们应划分为两个种的充足证据。     

扁平钳蛤性腺发育的组织学研究

通过石蜡切片对扁平钳蛤进行性腺发育组织学观察,结果表明,扁平钳蛤雌雄性腺的发育都可分为增殖期、生长期、成熟期、排放期和休止期5个时期。增殖期为滤泡形成期,出现了精原细胞和卵原细胞,贴近滤泡壁分布;在生长期,性腺面积、滤泡数目和生殖细胞数目都明显增大,卵母细胞和精母细胞形成;成熟期雌性滤泡内充满卵细胞,其生发泡透亮,核仁清晰可见,雄性滤泡内充满着蓝紫色的精子,精子尾部聚集在滤泡中央,呈鲜红色;排放期滤泡破损,卵细胞和精子排放,性腺面积减小;休止期滤泡腔萎缩,基本无生殖细胞残留。扁平钳蛤生殖周期为一年,5—6月处于性腺发育增殖期;7—10月性腺进入繁殖期,包括生长期、成熟期和排放期;11月进入休止期;其他月份性腺基本不发育。     

有棘和无棘两种表型栉江珧同工酶差异的比较

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对有棘和无棘两种不同表型的栉江珧（Ａｔｒｉｎａ ｐｅｃｔｉｎｔａ）的外套膜组织进行了ＥＳＴ 和ＳＯＤ 同工酶比较研究。结果显示这两种类型的酶谱表达有一定差异,但同时也存在中间类型,表明有棘和无棘的表型差异,尚不能提供它们应划分为两个种的充足证据     

栉江珧受精过程的细胞学研究

采用阴干、温差刺激诱导栉江珧亲贝排放和解剖亲贝获取精卵,授精后,通过连续取样直接镜检和卡诺液固定、Giemsa染色后观察,以研究栉江珧受精过程的细胞及染色体变化。结果表明,栉江珧成熟或接近成熟的卵,大多停留在第一次成熟分裂的前中期,接触海水后,进一步发育至中期。通常在26℃的海水中,授精后20min和35min,分别排出第一和第二极体。大约在授精后45min,雌雄原核融合,受精卵开始第一次卵裂。研究还表明,氨海水具有十分明显刺激卵内物质运动和促进卵细胞成熟的作用。     

二色裂江珧EST和SOD同工酶组织特异性研究

取二色裂江珧（Ｐｉｎｎａ ｂｉｃｏｌｏｒ）的消化盲囊、肾脏、后闭壳肌肌肉、外套膜和鳃等５种组织,用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对酯酶（ＥＳＴ）的过氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）同工酶在上述组织中的表达和分布进行了比较研究,并对酶谱表型及位点表达进行了分析。结果表明,二色裂江珧组织内的ＥＳＴ和ＳＯＤ存在不同程度的组织特异性,ＥＳＴ共检测出１５条酶带,ＳＯＤ检测出８条酶带,且两种同工酶在消化盲囊中活性最高。推测Ｓ     

二色裂江珧EST和SOD同工酶组织特异性研究

取二色裂江珧 (Pinna bicolor)的消化盲囊、肾脏、后闭壳肌肌肉、外套膜和鳃等 5种组织 ,用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对酯酶 (EST)和过氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)同工酶在上述组织中的表达和分布进行了比较研究 ,并对酶谱表型及位点表达进行了分析。结果表明 ,二色裂江珧组织内的 EST和 SOD存在不同程度的组织特异性 ,EST共检测出 15条酶带 ,SOD检测出 8条酶带 ,且两种同工酶在消化盲囊中活性最高。推测 SOD由 2个座位编码 ,可分为 s- SOD二聚体和 m- SOD四聚体     

企鹅珍珠贝生殖细胞的发生

对不同发育阶段的企鹅珍珠贝[Ptedapenguin(Rding)]的性腺结构、生殖细胞结构与分布进行组织学观察,描述精/卵子发生过程中各级精/卵细胞的特征。结果表明:根据雌性生殖细胞形态和卵黄的变化特点,卵子发生经历卵原细胞、无卵黄初级卵母细胞、卵黄形成期卵母细胞及成熟卵子阶段;依据雄性生殖细胞大小和细胞核形态变化,精子发生经历精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞和精子阶段,其中精原细胞存在形态上有差异的A型和B型两种类型。此外还观察到企鹅珍珠贝的性别转化现象。     

贝类精子质量检测与评价方法的研究Ⅴ:栉江珧精子线粒体活性的荧光检测

采用罗丹明123(Rh123)和碘化丙啶(PI)两种荧光染料对栉江珧(Atrina pectinata)精子线粒体活性进行检测,比较不同染液浓度和染色时间的检测效果,并用该方法检测和比较超低温冷冻保存对线粒体活性的影响。结果显示:Rh123和PI染色的最适染液浓度均为10μg/mL,染色时间控制在10 min之内;染色后具有线粒体活性的精子发出绿色荧光,死精子发出红色荧光,质膜受损但线粒体还未受损的精子发出红绿色荧光,表明Rh123和PI双荧光染色检测栉江珧精子线粒体活性是可行的;精液经冷冻后,线粒体活性为61.9%、质膜完整率56.8%,显著低于新鲜精液组(95.3%、93.5%),表明冷冻对精子结构会造成不同程度的损伤,Rh123和PI双荧光染色法可用来检测栉江珧精子质量。     

Abnormal Karyotype of Pen Shell ( Atrina pectinata ) During Its Early Embryonic Development in Late Breeding Season

The pen shell, Atrina pectinata, distributes globally. It is one of the most important edible bivalves in east Asian countries. However, there are multiple     

Seasonal Changes of Reproductive Activity and Biochemical Composition of Pen Shell Atrina pectinata Linnaeus,1767 in Bohai Sea,China

Seasonal variations in the biochemical composition and the reproductive cycle of pen shell Atrina pectinata in Bohai Sea were investigated from May 2013 to April 2014. Histological analysis indicated that the reproductive cycle of A. pectinata can be divided into two phases, inactive stage and gametogenesis, which were equally and significantly influenced by seawater temperature and food availability. Gametogenesis began in late autumn(October), and completed in June and July. Spawning took place in August, coinciding with the highest water temperature and the richest phytoplankton. The significantly high glycogen content in adductor muscles sustained throughout the late active and ripeness stages, but plummeted during spawning and inactive stages. The protein content in female gonads exhibited a synchronous increase along with oocyte diameter and lipid content, suggesting that the female gonads could accumulate protein and lipid for vitelline in A. pectinata. Furthermore, the RNA/DNA ratio was found to be a useful index to indicate the level of gonad maturation in both males and females. The findings of the present study provided a foundation for the fishery resource administration and the aquaculture development of this species.     

Variation of Zooplankton Ecological Group During Spring in China Estuaries

Zooplankton was major indicator species of the environment. To explore the effect of marine environment on zooplankton distribution in the coast of China, the zooplankton samples from stations in Guanhe Estuary(GE), Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary(CE), Oujiang Estuary(OE), Jiulongjiang Estuary(JE) and Beilun Estuary(BE)(covering 14 latitudes) in spring were surveyed and the variation of zooplankton ecological group was researched. According to the adaptability temperature, the zooplankton was divided into two ecological groups: warm-temperate species and subtropical species. The warm-temperate species was the main dominant species and subtropical species was only dominant species in BE. Calanus sinicus, a warm-temperate species, was the only dominant species in all five estuaries. From north to south, the proportion of warm-temperate species in the five estuaries gradually decreased depends on the number, were 83.33%, 48.39%, 45.00%, 43.75% and 30.43%, respectively. In contrary, the proportion of subtropical species was gradually increased. The warm-temperate species predominated over the total abundance and the percentage was whopping high in the north estuaries, including GE(96.16%), CE(95.57%), OE(97.83%) and JE(95.53%). The abundance percentage of subtropical species have remarkably higher(82.39%) in BE. Five estuaries zooplankton community was subdivided into three zooplankton groups, which were the northern warm temperate zooplankton group, the southern subtropical zooplankton group and the estuarine brackish-water group. The water temperature and coastal current of China Sea are recognized as the main factors determining the distribution and community structure of estuarine zooplankton in spring.     

Fluorometric discrimination technique of phytoplankton population based on wavelet analysis

The discrete excitation-emission-matrix fluorescence spectra (EEMS) at 12 excitation wavelengths (400, 430, 450, 460, 470, 490, 500, 510, 525, 550, 570, and 590 nm) and emission wavelengths ranging from 600-750 nm were determined for 43 phytoplankton species. A two-rank fluorescence spectra database was established by wavelet analysis and a fluorometric discrimination technique for determining phytoplankton population was developed. For laboratory simulatively mixed samples, the samples mixed from 43 algal species (the algae of one division accounted for 25%, 50%, 75%, 85%, and 100% of the gross biomass, respectively), the average discrimination rates at the level of division were 65.0%, 87.5%, 98.6%, 99.0%, and 99.1%, with average relative contents of 18.9%, 44.5%, 68.9%, 73.4%, and 82.9%, respectively; the samples mixed from 32 red tide algal species (the dominant species accounted for 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% of the gross biomass, respectively), the average correct discrimination rates of the dominant species at the level of genus were 63.3%, 74.2%, 78.8%, 83.4%, and 79.4%, respectively. For the 81 laboratory mixed samples with the dominant species accounting for 75% of the gross biomass (chlorophyll), the discrimination rates of the dominant species were 95.1% and 72.8% at the level of division and genus, respectively. For the 12 samples collected from the mesocosm experiment in Maidao Bay of Qingdao in August 2007, the dominant species of the 11 samples were recognized at the division level and the dominant species of four of the five samples in which the dominant species accounted for more than 80% of the gross biomass were discriminated at the genus level; for the 12 samples obtained from Jiaozhou Bay in August 2007, the dominant species of all the 12 samples were recognized at the division level. The technique can be directly applied to fluorescence spectrophotometers and to the developing of an in situ algae fluorescence auto-analyzer for phytoplankton population.     

黄鳝血清甲状腺激素的检测与分析

用放射免疫测定法测定了４４ 条不同性别黄鳝（Ｍｏｎｏｐｔｅｒｕｓ ａｌｂｕｓ Ｚｕｉｅｗ ）血清总甲状腺激素Ｔｈｙｒｏｘｉｎｅ Ｔ３,Ｔｒｉｉｏｄｏｔｈｙｒｏｎｉｎｅ Ｔ４）含量。结果表明：（１）５～９ 月雄性Ｔ３ 含量一直较高;雌性５～６ 月Ｔ３含量比雄性和兼性低,７ 月以后升至与兼性持平,８～９ 月达到与雄性持平,高于兼性含量,升幅较大,但差异不显著（Ｐ＞ ０．０５）。（２）５～６ 月雄性Ｔ４ 含量稍高于其它性别,７ 月以后有所降低;雌性与兼性 Ｔ４ 含量与变化趋势基本相同。（３）同性别Ｔ４ 含量比Ｔ３ 含量要低得多。甲状腺激素可能与性逆转关系不大,其作用在于促进代谢与生长。