水声换能器动态吃水与传感器技术探讨

分析了水声换能器静态吃水和动态吃水的差异,以及由这种差异带来的测量精度误差。对压力式验潮仪测量潮汐变化的基本原理和工作模式进行了剖析,探讨了采用压力传感器进行测量水声换能器动态吃水的可能性,并提出了测量水声换能器动态吃水的新概念、新方法。     

使用姿态传感器时动吃水改正问题探讨

根据测深中心深度计算公式,提出了动吃水改正直接采用测深换能器动吃水所存在的问题,详细论证了姿态传感器与测深换能器偏心安装时,采用姿态传感器处的动吃水和静态吃水变化推算测深中心吃水的必要性,给出了动态吃水改正的具体建议.     

一种用微型计算机控制压力传感器测量“动态吃水”方法的研究

在海洋测绘中,测深仪的“动态吃水”是一个很重要的参数,本文提出了消除压力传感器在动态下“伯努利效应”的原理,论述了用微型计算机控制带有分流罩压力传感器测量“动态吃水”的方法,并将这种方法与“现场动态吃水比对法”进行了海上比测,比测结果表明,前者有较大的优越性。     

换能器动态吃水改正数测定及精度分析

现行水深测量规范对动态吃水测定方面都提出了相关要求和测量方法,但都缺少对动态吃水测定结果的精度分析。为此,提出一种新型的测量船舶测深仪换能器动态吃水改正数测定及精度分析方法。该方法主要结合定位仪、测深仪、姿态传感器、潮位数据,通过船舶静漂和顺水、顶水不同船速场景下扩大采集数据样本,并对采集样本进行精度评定。通过实际测试,换能器动态吃水改正数达到厘米级精度,该方法是可行的。该方法操作便捷,测定精度可靠,成果得到保证,是对现行规范的有益补充。     

温、盐、深探头在多波束测量中的综合运用

针对多波束测量中存在的声速误差问题,探讨了声速误差对多波束测量的影响以及影响表层声速和换能器动态吃水深度变化的主要因素,提出了一种旨在提高多波束测量精度的有效手段——温、盐、深探头的综合运用,以便实时测定表层海水的声速和换能器的动态深度吃水改正。     

现代测量船的装船建造技术

论证了测量船建造工程各个技术环节对测量系统工作效益的重要作用,分析了测量船总体设计和测量系统装船工程的实施效果对测量系统技术性能的巨大影响。通过对比近期测量船建造工程中正反两方面的经验,提出了能够适应当代海洋测量飞速发展要求的测量船建造保障技术措施。     

现代测量船的装船建造技术

论证了测量船建造工程各个技术环节对测量系统工作效益的重要作用,分析了测量船总体设计和测量系统装船工程的实施效果对测量系统技术性能的巨大影响。通过对比近期测量船建造工程中正反两方面的经验,提出了能够适应当代海洋测量飞速发展要求的测量船建造保障技术措施。     

西南太平洋天气特征与航天测量船应急机动策略

分析了影响航天测量船在西南太平洋任务海域的主要灾害性天气系统,阐述了热带气旋、温带气旋及冷空气的特征,以及航天测量船采用的数值预报产品,在充分考虑到航天测量船任务的特殊性的同时,根据其历年在该海域规避灾害性天气系统与应急机动情况,探寻出了该海区三种典型灾害性天气系统作用下船舶机动方案,为航天测量船在该任务海区应急机动提供了理论基础。     

海洋磁力测量系统误差来源分析

从海洋地磁背景场特征、测量船船体磁化规律以及测量船与磁力传感器的位置关系出发,建立了船磁影响的计算模型,通过仿真试算,解释了海洋磁力测量的系统误差来源。     

海洋调查测量信息系统(一):硬件部分

在调查测量船的设计论证过程中,针对调查测量设备信息综合处理和任务指挥控制的需求,基于对调查测量船典型装备配置及能力的分析,提出了由软硬件两部分组成的调查测量信息系统,设计了由数据采集分发平台、声学同步控制模块和数据远程通信模块组成的系统硬件部分,实现了调查测量信息的集中采集、实时分发、远程传输,以及调查测量作业的同步控制,有效保证了调查测量船装备布局的统一性和科学性,为海上同步高效作业能力的生成提供了硬件保障。     

多波束测深系统在航道测量中的关键问题探讨

介绍了多波束测深系统与GPS RTK技术集成的工作原理及优势,并以秦皇岛港航道疏浚前后多波束扫海测量为例,论述该作业模式中的几个关键问题,即在声速改正和参数校准的前提下,RTK三维水深测量省去传统水深测量中繁琐的水位测量,能够自动消除波浪起伏和动态吃水变化的误差影响。航道疏浚结果表明,在近海海域该方法可以取代有验潮的常规水深测量,既能指导疏浚施工,又能方便检查疏浚结果,为今后的相关工作提供参考。     

Hydrodynamic behavior of curtainwall-pile breakwaters

A numerical model is developed that can predict the interaction of regular waves normally incident upon a curtainwall-pile breakwater; the upper part of which is a vertical wall and the lower part consists of an array of vertical piles. The numerical model is based on an eigenfunction expansion method, and utilizes a boundary condition nearby the vertical piles that accounts for wave energy dissipation. Numerical solution comprises a finite number of terms, which is a superposition of propagating waves and a series of evanescent waves. The modeling is validated by comparison with previous experimental studies and overall agreement between measurement and calculation is fairly good. The numerical results are related to reflection, transmission, and dissipation coefficient; wave run-up, wave force, and wave overturning moment are also presented. Effect of porosity, relative draft, and relative water depth are discussed; the choice of suitable range of them is described. The relative draft is more effective for shallow water waves. Model shows decrease in relative draft and leads to reduction of relative wave force, overturning moment, and runup. It is shown that curtainwall-pile breakwaters can operate both effectively and efficiently in the range of relative draft between 0.15 and 0.75. The range 0.5 to 0.2 is also recommended for porosity.     

点吸收式波浪能俘获装置结构优化方法研究

根据布设海域波浪能资源特征,对点吸收式波浪能装置结构进行优化,可有效提高装置的能量俘获效率。本文以威海褚岛北部海域为装置布设目标海域,在对该海域波浪资源特征进行统计分析的基础上,计算得到装置的直径,同时利用数值软件计算出多组工况下点吸收装置吃水深度和装置固有周期的对应关系,并利用统计学方法得出装置固有周期随吃水深度的变化规律,进而分析得出装置在该海域的最佳设计吃水深度,为点吸收波浪能装置结构优化设计提供了新的思路。该方法对于其他技术类型波浪能装置的结构优化设计同样具有借鉴意义。     

Geoid Validation on the Baltic Sea Using Ship-borne GNSS Data

Abstract

We studied geoid validation using ship-borne global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) on the Baltic Sea. We obtained geoid heights by combining GNSS–inertial measurement unit observations, tide gauge data, and a physical sea model. We used two different geoid models available for the area. The ship route was divided into lines and the lines were processed separately. The GNSS results were reduced to the sea surface using attitude and draft parameters available from the vessel during the campaign. For these lines, the residual errors between ellipsoidal height versus geoid height and absolute dynamic topography varied between 0 and 15?cm, grand mean being 2?cm. The mean standard deviations of the original time series were approximately 11?cm and reduced to below 5?cm for the time series filtered with 10?min moving average. We showed that it is possible to recover geoid heights from the GNSS observations at sea and validate existing geoid models in a well-controlled area.     

Free vibration of semisubmersibles: A parametric study

Like any other engineering structure, the dynamic aspects of semisubmersible offshore platforms require serious consideration. The free vibrations of the semisubmersible structures have been investigated in the present work, in which the effect of the variation of the length, draft and hull spacings on the natural frequencies and mode shapes has been studied and the nature of the variations and their reasons have been discussed.     

Stiffness of mooring lines and performance of floating breakwater in three dimensions

In the present paper, the performance of a moored floating breakwater under the action of normal incident waves is investigated in the frequency domain. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the floating body is coupled with a static and dynamic model of the mooring lines, using an iterative procedure. The stiffness coefficients of the mooring lines in six degrees of freedom of the floating breakwater are derived based on the differential changes of mooring lines' tensions caused by the static motions of the floating body. The model of the moored floating system is compared with experimental and numerical results of other investigators. An extensive parametric study is performed to investigate the effect of different configurations (length of mooring lines and draft) on the performance of the moored floating breakwater. The draft of the floating breakwater is changed through the appropriate modification of mooring lines' length. Numerical results demonstrate the effects of the wave characteristics and mooring lines' conditions (slack-taut). The existence of ‘optimum’ configuration of the moored floating breakwater in terms of wave elevation coefficients and mooring lines' forces is clearly demonstrated, through a decision framework.     

海上风电半潜式基础初步选型Pareto-Optimal评价

针对半潜漂浮式风电基础初步选型,采用Pareto-Optimal评价方法对不同吃水、平台立柱直径、立柱间距和垂荡板直径四个参数的不同组合进行分析比较。基于浮体动力学频域计算方法,采用我国阳江某海域极限波浪条件计算得到叶轮中心水平加速度,同时考虑完整稳性的计算结果。对比分析表明平台吃水和立柱直径宜选择适中的取值,较大的排水量和立柱总体积并不会显著减小叶轮中心水平加速度。垂荡板对于改善平台整体性能是较为敏感的,垂荡板与立柱的直径比存在一定的最佳范围。平台立柱间距是影响平台运动性能最大的因素,增大立柱间距可以有效地降低叶轮中心水平加速度,但立柱间距的增大对立柱间的撑杆结构强度以及平台整体的建造和下水提出了较大的挑战。     

Wave reflection and transmission by curtainwall–pile breakwaters using circular piles

This paper presents a mathematical model which computes the hydrodynamic characteristics of a curtainwall–pile breakwater (CPB) using circular piles, by modifying the model developed for rectangular piles by Suh et al. [2006. Hydrodynamic characteristics of pile-supported vertical wall breakwaters. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering 132(2), 83–96]. To examine the validity of the model, laboratory experiments have been conducted for CPB with various values of draft of curtain wall, spacing between piles, and wave height and period. Comparisons between measurement and prediction show that the mathematical model adequately reproduces most of the important features of the experimental results. The mathematical model based on linear wave theory tends to over-predict the reflection coefficient as the wave height increases. As the draft of the curtain wall increases and the porosity between piles decreases, the reflection and transmission coefficient increases and decreases, respectively, as expected. As the relative water depth increases, however, the effect of porosity disappears because the wave motion is minimal in the lower part of a water column for short waves.