青海驼路沟钴矿床流体包裹体及成矿物理化学条件

应用均一法、激光拉曼显微探针法研究驼路沟钴矿床的流体包裹体,发现其包裹体类型多样,以气液两相包裹体和富二氧化碳包裹体为主,测得均一温度为220℃~300℃,众值为275℃,成矿流体形成于中低温环境。通过对其他热力学参数计算,确定出驼路沟钴矿床成矿流体具有中低盐度、低密度、弱还原-还原性的特点。包裹体气、液相成分分析表明其与现代海底热液沉积物的流体成分类似,进一步佐证了驼路沟钴矿床为热水喷流沉积成因。     

山东蓬莱地区侯格庄金矿床流体包裹体特征

侯格庄金矿床位于胶东栖(霞)-蓬(莱)金成矿带大柳行金矿田东南部。该文采用包裹体显微测温方法对金矿石中石英矿物内残留的流体包裹体进行研究,总结了金矿石石英矿物中的流体包裹体特征,并对该矿床成矿流体来源、矿床成因进行了研究。研究表明,该矿床石英矿物中流体包裹体以纯液包裹体为主,次为H_2O-CO_2气液两相包裹体及H_2O-CO_2三相包裹体,未见含子矿物包裹体。均一温度在109~396℃,盐度在2.9~22.44wt%NaCl,密度在0.64~1.06g/cm~3之间,估算成矿压力为128~340MPa,成矿深度约4.4~11.6km。该矿床至少经历了2个矿化期次,成矿流体为中低温、低盐度、低密度流体,流体来源于天水与岩浆水的混合产物,属中低温、中浅成热液矿床。     

西天山库茹尔铜金矿床成矿流体特征及矿床成因

库茹尔铜金矿床位于新疆西天山晚古生代伊什基里克裂谷带,赋矿围岩为下石炭统大哈拉军山组安山质岩屑凝灰岩,矿体受一系列断裂构造控制。有关该矿床的成矿流体特征研究不足,限制了对矿床成因的认识。以该矿床的地质特征、流体包裹体为主要研究对象,探讨了成矿流体性质、来源及演化规律,初步查明了矿床成因类型。库茹尔铜金矿床热液成矿过程可划分为石英-黄铜矿-黄铁矿-自然金阶段、石英-黄铜矿阶段和石英-绿泥石/绿帘石-方解石阶段。流体包裹体研究表明:主成矿阶段(石英-黄铜矿-黄铁矿-自然金阶段)以气液水两相包裹体为主,含少量CO_2-H_2O三相包裹体与含石盐子晶多相包裹体,均一温度分别为184℃～359℃、250℃～319℃和229℃～263℃,盐度分别为4.1%～8.5%NaCl_(eq)、1.0%～6.0%NaCl_(eq)和32.7%～33.9%NaCl_(eq);石英-黄铜矿阶段和石英-绿泥石/绿帘石-方解石阶段均以气液水两相包裹体为主,均一温度分别为144℃～212℃和114℃～163℃,盐度分别为0.2%～6.7%NaCl_(eq)和0.1%～3.1%NaCl_(eq)。库茹尔铜金矿床的初始成矿流体具中—高温、中—低和高盐度的岩浆热液特征,流体不混溶是导致Au-Cu富集成矿的主要机制,矿床成因类型应属于与斑岩成矿系统相关的次浅成低温热液矿床。     

吉林延边五凤金矿地质特征及矿床成因

五凤金矿床是位于延边地区的浅成低温热液金矿床。矿脉的产出受不同方向断裂构造控制,主要分布于碱长花岗岩、角闪安山岩等侵入体及地层之中。研究表明,热液金矿化可分为石英--冰长石-方解石阶段,石英--方解石①阶段,石英-方解石②阶段及方解石阶段4个阶段。流体包裹体研究表明,研究区主成矿阶段石英中主要发育气液两相流体包裹体;其均一温度范围为129.8℃～236.5℃,峰值区间为190℃～220℃,盐度w （ NaCl ）为0.83％～1.98％。成矿流体为低温、低盐度的NaCl-H2 O体系热液。氢氧同位素研究结果表明,五凤金矿床成矿流体为岩浆热液与大气降水的混合流体,矿床属浅成低温热液成因类型。     

湖南凤凰铅锌矿床成矿流体特征及成矿机制

扬子地块东南缘是我国重要的铅锌成矿带,而其中凤凰矿田尚缺系统研究。以凤凰铅锌矿床为研究对象,运用流体包裹体地质学、同位素地球化学以及显微激光拉曼光谱等方法对成矿流体特征、流体来源及流体成分开展了系统研究。结果表明:矿床中闪锌矿和与成矿有关的脉石矿物中流体包裹体较发育;包裹体主要为气液两相,其均一温度介于111.2~177℃,盐度介于4.1%~25.2%,密度介于0.98~1.09 g/cm3,总体为低温、中高盐度、中等密度流体;石英、闪锌矿中单个包裹体成分拉曼光谱测试结果表明,气液两相包裹体中气相成分主要为CH₄,液相主要为H₂O,纯气相包裹体主要成分为CH₄;H-O同位素分析结果表明,成矿流体主要为建造水,表明来自盆地中的建造水萃取了深部地层中的成矿物质,并与沉积物中有机物干馏作用产生的CH₄等一起形成还原性成矿流体,沿同生断裂构造等通道向上运移,铅锌等成矿物质在浅部敖溪组白云岩中沉淀成矿。      

华北克拉通南缘小秦岭矿集区灵湖金矿床成因:流体包裹体和H-O、S-Pb同位素证据

灵湖金矿床位于华北克拉通南缘的小秦岭地区,矿体大多呈脉状产于断裂带内。成矿过程可初步划分为石英-黄铁矿、石英-多金属硫化物和石英-碳酸盐-黄铁矿3个阶段。Au主要沉淀于石英-多金属硫化物阶段。成矿期石英中发育富液两相、富气两相和H_2O-CO_2三相包裹体。石英-黄铁矿阶段发育富液两相包裹体,其完全均一温度为424℃～499℃,盐度为11.5%～13.6%NaCl_(eq),密度为0.55～0.66 g·cm~(-3);石英-多金属硫化物阶段发育富气两相、富液两相和H_2O-CO_2三相包裹体,其完全均一温度为291℃～389℃,盐度为0.4%～11.8%NaCl_(eq),密度为0.50～0.83 g·cm~(-3);石英-碳酸盐-黄铁矿阶段可见富液两相和富气两相包裹体,其完全均一温度为206℃～289℃,盐度为8.3%～22.2%NaCl_(eq),密度为0.83～0.99 g·cm~(-3)。成矿流体具有高温、中低盐度和低密度等特征。灵湖金矿床中石英的δ~(18)O_(H_2O)值为0.7‰～4.5‰,δD值为-106.4‰～-86.1‰。H-O同位素分析结果表明,成矿流体主要来源于岩浆水。矿石硫化物的δ~(34)S值为-8.5‰～2.4‰,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb值为17.202～17.796,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb值为15.448～15.473,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb值为37.712～38.255。S-Pb同位素分析结果表明,成矿物质主要来源于低级下地壳部分熔融形成的花岗质岩浆。灵湖金矿床为岩浆热液型金矿,流体相分离和温度的降低是导致矿质沉淀的主要机制。     

气液包裹体及其在岩金矿床勘查中的应用

本文较详细地介绍了气液包裹体的一般特点以及从中可获得的基本参数——热液的温度(均一温度、爆裂温度、形成温度)、压力、浓度和成分;着重强调了其在岩金矿床勘查中的应用,即通过气液包裹体的研究资料,进行地热梯度的判别,成脉热液成分分析等,进而了解成矿地质特征,认识成矿地质、物理、化学环境,圈定已知矿床的远景地段及寻找盲矿体。     

胶东蓬莱——栖霞金矿带侯格庄金矿流体包裹体特征及其地质意义

侯格庄金矿位于胶东蓬莱栖霞金矿带的虎路线金矿田内,是矿田内典型的石英脉型金矿,矿体主要呈脉状与透镜状分布于中生代郭家岭花岗岩内部的断裂体系中。本文结合野外与岩相学观察、包裹体测温与拉曼光谱分析,将侯格庄金矿的热液阶段划分为黄铁矿石英阶段（Ⅰ）、金石英黄铁矿阶段（Ⅱ）、金多金属硫化物阶段（Ⅲ）和石英碳酸盐阶段（Ⅳ）。将其流体包裹体划分为单相包裹体（Ⅰ型）、气液两相包裹体（Ⅱ型）、含CO2三相包裹体（Ⅲ型）,其中单相包裹体又分为纯液相包裹体（Ⅰa型）和纯气相包裹体（Ⅰb型）。侯格庄金矿流体包裹体的均一温度为141~332℃,集中在211~252℃,盐度为2.74%~8.81% NaCl eqv,集中在3.58%~4.51% NaCl eqv。成矿流体为中—低盐度和中—低温CO2H2ONaCl流体。结合蓬莱金矿带HO同位素研究,金矿初始和成矿期流体主要为岩浆流体,随着成矿作用的进行,有大气降水的混入,成矿流体为岩浆水与大气水的混合流体。     

吉林珲春农坪金铜矿床流体包裹体特征与矿床成因

为确定农坪金铜矿床的成矿流体特征及矿床形成机制,采集细脉浸染状金铜矿石中的石英-硫化物细脉,对石英颗粒中的流体包裹体进行了岩相学、显微测温和激光拉曼光谱分析。结果表明：脉石英中主要发育Ⅰ型气液两相、Ⅱ型含CO2三相、Ⅲ型含子矿物多相、Ⅳ型纯气相和Ⅴ型纯液相等5种类型的原生流体包裹体。不同类型包裹体的均一温度变化范围为237.8℃～399.4℃,主要集中于310℃～370℃,盐度w （ NaCl ）变化范围于1.39％～12.3％和33.32％～42.03％两个区间。代表性包裹体的激光拉曼光谱分析结果显示,成矿流体主要气相成分为H2 O、 CO2,并含有少量的CH4。综合研究后认为,农坪矿床成矿流体曾发生过沸腾作用,以至流体中的H2 O、 CO2等挥发组分大量逸出,引起金、铜等有用组分的沉淀富集。农坪金铜矿床与小西南岔金铜矿床在成矿条件及矿化特征等方面具有相似性,二者同为斑岩型金铜矿床,均属燕山晚期构造岩浆作用的产物。     

西藏仲巴县玛浪勒铜矿床地质特征及流体包裹体研究

玛浪勒铜矿床位于西藏仲巴县隆格尔乡,大地构造位置属于措勤-申扎火山岩浆弧。矿体呈脉状产于灰岩与则弄群安山岩及安山质晶屑凝灰岩的接触带及其附近。基于矿床野外地质特征、室内岩矿鉴定以及流体包裹体显微测温的研究表明:玛浪勒铜矿床至少存在2个阶段的成矿作用,即方解石-硫化物阶段和后期地下水热液叠加改造阶段。石英和方解石主要发育富液相的气液两相包裹体,其中,方解石-硫化物成矿阶段的包裹体均一温度为177～271℃,盐度w(NaCleqv)为5.26%～20.37%;地下水热液叠加改造阶段的均一温度为118～170℃,盐度w(NaCleqv)为1.91%～16.15%。成矿流体密度为0.90～1.07 g/cm3,估算成矿压力为9.16～26.84 MPa,对应的成矿深度为0.92～2.68 km。基于赋矿安山岩富集大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素的地球化学特征分析表明,该矿床形成于班公湖-怒江特提斯洋南向俯冲的构造背景下,为与火山期后热液相关的浅成低温热液矿床。区域该类型矿产勘查最新进展的综合分析表明,在措勤-申扎火山岩浆弧上寻找与火山期后热液相关铜矿床的潜力较大。      

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by     

Influence of livestock soil eutrophication on floral composition in the Pyrenees mountains

Livestock behaviour in the Pyrenees includes free grazing and a long resting period that provokes the accumulation of dung and urine in some places,so-called camping areas. The aims of this study were （i） to analyze any change in floral composition,and in nutritional and chemical contents of plants in a livestock camping area; and （ii） to relate the floral composition with soil chemical properties. In a linear transect,five sampling zones were established,from the centre of the camping area to the surrounding Nardus stricta-dominant pasture. The above ground plant biomass and the topsoil were sampled in each zone with 6 replicates per zone. Plant species were classified and weighed to calculate above ground biomass,nutritional and chemical contents,and Shannon diversity and evenness indices. Additionally,soils were sampled in two periods,at the beginning and at the end of grazing period. Soil available nutrients （nitrate,ammonium,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and magnesium）,total nitrogen,organic carbon and pH were measured.
Plant chemical contents （protein,lignin and others） were significantly related to the proportions of grasses,legumes and other plants; so,the protein content is positively correlated with legumes plant biomass while lignin content is negatively correlated with grasses. Both plant and soil nutrients increased linearly towards the centre of the camping area. However,the relationship among plant species richness,diversity and evenness relative to its position along the studied transect was bell-shaped. From the outskirts to the centre of the camping area,plants with low nutrient demand were progressively replaced by those with medium and high nutrients demand and by pioneers.
Nardus stricta-dominant pasture has low plant diversity and plant nutrient content as well as a poor soil nutrient availability. The presence of the camping area introduced patches with more soil nutrients and new species in the large spatial scale. However at a small spatial scale,the strong soil nutrien     

General Table of Contents(Vol.11,2014)

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介绍GPS定位中的几个概念

文章概略介绍了利用卫星进行定位的原理 ;由卫星信号传播、信号接收和SA政策等引起的理论误差 ;给出了多种快速、高精度定位的工作模式和观测点选择的原则 ;列出了将WGS - 84坐标转换为我国坐标的公式及解算参数的具体方法 ,供读者在GPS工作中参考。