成层非均匀地壳中应变能密度场时空分布的动态模拟研究.

通过对坚固体孕震模型应变能密度场动态变化的模拟研究,对地震孕育过程、初始破裂、始裂条件和破裂的传播方向等问题取得了进一步的认识．结果表明：孕震过程初期,软弱体部位应变能密度水平很高,但在孕震过程后期,其应变能密度增量水平变小,坚固体及其与直立断层交汇部位的应变能密度增量迅速变大,成为应变能密度增量最大的地方,从而使弹性模量比较大的坚固体与直立断层交汇处成为最先破裂发震的部位．破裂在直立断层端部的坚固体内沿着与断层成近于直交的方向传播,这样,理论上确定的破裂方向与实际计算的破裂方向得到了很好的统一．     

Paterns and regularity of ring distribution of seismic activity before great earthquakes in China

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Numerical simulation of two-phase flow for sediment transport in the inner-surf and swash zones

A two-dimensional two-phase flow framework for fluid–sediment flow simulation in the surf and swash zones was described. Propagation, breaking, uprush and backwash of waves on sloping beaches were studied numerically with an emphasis on fluid hydrodynamics and sediment transport characteristics. The model includes interactive fluid–solid forces and intergranular stresses in the moving sediment layer. In the Euler–Euler approach adopted, two phases were defined using the Navier–Stokes equations with interphase coupling for momentum conservation. The k–ε$k''–''\epsilon$ closure model and volume of fluid approach were used to describe the turbulence and tracking of the free surface, respectively. Numerical simulations explored incident wave conditions, specifically spilling and plunging breakers, on both dissipative and intermediate beaches. It was found that the spatial variation of sediment concentration in the swash zone is asymmetric, while the temporal behavior is characterized by maximum sediment concentrations at the start and end of the swash cycle. The numerical results also indicated that the maximum turbulent kinetic energy and sediment flux occurs near the wave-breaking point. These predictions are in general agreement with previous observations, while the model describes the fluid and sediment phase characteristics in much more detail than existing measurements. With direct quantifications of velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, sediment concentration and flux, the model provides a useful approach to improve mechanistic understanding of hydrodynamic and sediment transport in the nearshore zone.