对雅鲁藏布江缝合带嘎学组和泽当组的新认识

在1:5万区域地质调查的基础上,对雅鲁藏布江缝合带北带与蛇绿岩相伴产出的嘎学组和泽当组进行了综合研究,并就其岩石地球化学参数及构造环境与蛇绿岩进行了对比。结合相关古生物及同位素年龄资料,初步认为: 嘎学组和泽当组火山岩与蛇绿岩是不同时代、不同成因类型的产物,嘎学组和泽当组形成于晚侏罗世—早白垩世与洋内俯冲相关的洋内弧构造环境,为洋板块地层序列的前弧玄武岩类(FAB型); 在后期俯冲碰撞过程中,嘎学组和泽当组主体被改造成混杂岩,或呈断夹片(块)状残存于混杂岩带中,表现为俯冲增生杂岩带的构造组合样式。该认识对合理恢复并建立雅鲁藏布江缝合带北带洋板块地层序列具有重要的地质构造意义。     

The Late Jurassic Zedong ophiolite: A remnant of subduction initiation within the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone (southern Tibet) and its tectonic implications

The Zedong ophiolite is the largest ophiolite massif east of Dazhuqu in the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone in the southern Tibetan Plateau. However, its age, geodynamic setting and relationship to the Xigaze ophiolite remain controversial. New zircon U–Pb ages, whole-rock geochemical and Nd–Pb isotopic data from ophiolitic units provide constraints on the geodynamic and tectonic evolution of the Zedong ophiolite. U–Pb zircon geochronology of dolerite lavas and late gabbro–diabase dikes yield weighted mean ages of 153.9 ± 2.5 Ma and 149.2 ± 5.1 Ma, respectively. Strong positive ε_Nd(t) and positive Δ7/4Pb and Δ8/4Pb values indicate derivation from a highly depleted mantle source with an isotopic composition similar to that of the Indian MORB-type mantle. The geochemistry of ophiolitic lavas and early dikes are analogous to typical island arc tholeiites whereas late dikes are similar to boninites. The geochemistry of these rock types suggests multi-stage partial melting of the mantle and gradually enhanced subduction influences to the mantle source through time. Combined with the MORB-like 162.9 ± 2.8 Ma Luobusha ophiolitic lavas, we suggest that the Luobusha lavas, Zedong lavas and early dikes originated in an infant proto-arc setting whereas late dikes in the Zedong ophiolite originated in a forearc setting. Together, they represent a Neo-Tethyan subduction initiation sequence. The Late Jurassic intra-oceanic proto-arc to forearc setting of the Zedong ophiolite contrasts with the continental margin forearc setting for the Xigaze ophiolite, which suggests a laterally complex geodynamic setting for ophiolites along the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone.     

班怒带西段达如错斜长角闪岩变质温压条件及地质意义

班公湖—怒江缝合带是中特提斯构造演化的重要构造带之一,目前班公湖—怒江洋盆的俯冲演化过程存在诸多争议,尤其是俯冲过程中的变质作用鲜有报道。本文通过对班公湖—怒江缝合带西段的达如错斜长角闪岩开展角闪石和斜长石矿物的显微岩相学分析和原位EPMA测试工作,查明岩石的矿物组合为辉石+角闪石+斜长石。利用相平衡模拟得出的斜长角闪岩变质温度660℃~750℃,压力2~6 kbar,对应角闪岩相的温压条件,与角闪石全铝压力计（3.7~5.4 kbar）及斜长角闪石温度计（615℃~881℃）计算结果一致。综合前人研究成果,本文认为达如错地区的斜长角闪岩原岩形成于侏罗纪晚期洋内俯冲引起的弧后盆地扩张环境,角闪岩相变质作用的发生与早白垩世班怒洋壳俯冲过程中的板片底板变质有关,班公湖—怒江洋盆西段达如错地区的闭合时间为103.7~100.1 Ma。

     

西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段东波蛇绿岩: 记录了地幔柱影响的超慢速伸展和洋内俯冲过程

雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段出露东波和普兰等多个大型的超镁铁岩体,其成因还存在争议。为此我们近年来对东波蛇绿岩开展了地表填图并实施了一口1002m的科学钻探DSD-1。研究显示具有"厚幔极薄壳"特征的东波蛇绿岩记录了多期岩浆事件：（1）~137Ma的OIB型玄武岩和138~144Ma的OIB型辉绿岩和辉长岩,以及普遍出露熔融程度达30%以上的亏损型方辉橄榄岩,反映了早白垩世初期古洋盆受到地幔柱活动影响;（2）129Ma的薄壳均质辉长岩（Ⅰ型）、128Ma的辉长岩脉（Ⅱ型）和科钻岩芯中厚18m辉绿岩（Ⅲ型）的地球化学成分均与西南印度洋洋脊玄武岩类似,它们是在慢速-超慢速扩张脊附近大洋核杂岩侵位过程中形成的;（3）地表辉绿岩脉（Ⅳ型）的SIMS和SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为121~123Ma,全岩地球化学具有异常低的REE、HFSE含量及明显的Th、Nb、Zr、Hf负异常,类似于Albanide-Hellenide造山带蛇绿岩中的无壳源物质混染的中钛玄武岩,指示辉绿岩脉形成于洋内初始俯冲环境。总的来说,东波蛇绿岩记录了早白垩世地幔柱影响的超慢速扩张和初始洋内俯冲过程。     

对雅鲁藏布江结合带形成演化的再探讨

通过1∶5万区域地质调查和收集相关资料的综合研究,本文对雅鲁藏布江结合带的形成演化作了进一步的探讨。雅鲁藏布江特提斯洋具有弧后扩张洋盆的性质,在早三叠世至中三叠世中期洋盆初步形成,中三叠世晚期至晚三叠世洋盆全面形成,从早侏罗世至晚白垩世洋盆逐步萎缩,到古新世至始新世关闭。南带的蛇绿岩主要为洋中脊扩张型(MORB型),形成于中三叠世晚期至晚三叠世。北带的蛇绿岩主要为与洋内俯冲相关的俯冲带上盘型(SSZ型),形成于早中侏罗世。带内侏罗纪至白垩纪其他岩浆岩主要为前弧玄武岩类(FAB型)。显示雅鲁藏布江特提斯洋从早侏罗世开始发生了洋内俯冲,并同步向北向冈底斯带之下主动俯冲消减和向南向喜马拉雅地块之下被动俯冲消减,持续发展到晚白垩世,在古新世至始新世俯冲碰撞消亡转化为结合带。     

准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷东部斜坡带中侏罗统头屯河组高分辨层序与沉积微相精细分析

在岩芯观察、测井及地震资料分析基础上,应用高分辨层序地层理论对准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷东部斜坡带中侏罗统头屯河组进行划分,共识别出1个长期旋回,3个中期旋回以及10个短期旋回。概括起来有2种基准面旋回基本结构类型,多种亚类型,且旋回总体划分与地层划分基本一致。通过对试油资料的分析与总结,发现研究区油层大部分位于中期旋回MSC2中SSC4和SSC7两个短期旋回中,因此重点对两个短期旋回沉积微相特征进行详细分析,认为两个旋回都位于辫状河三角洲前缘亚相,包括水下主河道、分流河道等四个主要沉积微相。通过连井对比、等时地层格架的建立、上升相域沉积微相图编制和砂体纵向及横向分布特征的描述,总体认为SSC7旋回中所发育的有利储集体发育厚度及砂体连通性要好于SSC4旋回中砂体,并对有利储集层分布进行预测。     

雅鲁藏布江缝合带白朗县白岗尖晶石—石榴子石相二辉橄榄岩的相界反应及其意义

西藏白朗县白岗村蛇绿混杂岩中有一罕见的尖晶石石榴子石二辉橄榄岩小岩块,被松软的蛇纹岩化尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包裹其中。岩块中发育有碎基单斜辉石、斜方辉石中出溶单斜辉石、切过出溶单斜辉石的贯入单斜辉石和外来碎粒单斜辉石及钙质辉石+铬尖晶石→钙铁石榴子石相界反应。同时,在岩块和包壳岩石的橄榄石中出现针状硅镁石出溶物。计算这些矿物的温度压力表明,它们的温度压力都处于>800℃,>1.8GPa以上的地幔石榴子石域超高压环境,而且,经历过一个上升→俯冲→上升的"N"字形历程。     

Petrological and Os Isotopic Characteristics of Zedong Peridotites in the Eastern Yarlung–Zangbo Suture in Tibet

The Zedong ophiolites in the eastern Yarlung–Zangbo suture zone of Tibet represent a mantle slice of more than 45 km~2. This massif consists mainly of mantle peridotites, with lesser gabbros, diabases and volcanic rocks. The mantle peridotites are mostly harzburgite, lherzolite; a few dike-like bodies of dunite are also present. Mineral structures show that the peridotites experienced plastic deformation and partial melting. Olivine(Fo89.7–91.2), orthopyroxene(En_(88–92)), clinopyroxene(En_(45–49) Wo_(47–51) Fs_(2–4)) and spinel [Mg~#=100×Mg/(Mg+Fe)]=49.1–70.7; Cr~#=(100×Cr/(Cr+Al)=18.8–76.5] are the major minerals. The degree of partial melting of mantle peridotites is 10%–40%, indicating that the Zedong mantle peridotites may experience a multi–stage process. The peridotites are characterized by depleted major element compositions and low REE content(0.08–0.62 ppm). Their "spoon–shaped" primitive–mantle normalized REE patterns with(La/Sm)_N being 0.50–6.00 indicate that the Zedong ultramafic rocks belong to depleted residual mantle rocks. The PGE content of Zedong peridotites(18.19–50.74 ppb) is similar with primary mantle with Pd/Ir being 0.54–0.60 and Pt/Pd being 1.09–1.66. The Zedong peridotites have variable, unradiogenic Os isotopic compositions with ~(187)Os/~(188)Os=0.1228 to 0.1282. A corollary to this interpretation is that the convecting upper mantle is heterogeneous in Os isotopes. All data of the Zedong peridotites suggest that they formed originally at a mid-ocean ridge(MOR) and were later modified in supra–subduction zone(SSZ) environment.     

Coeval deposition of transgressive and normal regressive stratal packages in a structurally controlled area of the Viking Formation,central Alberta,Canada

Variability in accommodation and sedimentation rates within a basin generates significant deviations in the along-strike stratal stacking patterns of systems tracts. This variability can lead to coeval depositional units that record the juxtaposition of transgressive (retrogradational) and regressive (progradational) stratal stacking patterns. In scenarios where transgressive and regressive units are deposited concurrently, challenges arise when attempting to correlate and place systems tracts into a sequence stratigraphic framework. In these scenarios, the maximum flooding surface records a high level of diachroneity, with the position of the surface variable throughout the stratigraphic column. In this study, Viking Formation (late Albian) deposits in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, central Alberta, Canada, preserve significant along-strike variability of palaeoshorelines that developed in response to autogenic processes as well as allogenic controls that were active during deposition. Specifically, structural reactivation of Precambrian basement structures during Viking deposition led to significant variability in depositional environments along the palaeoshoreline. The incremental basement reactivation of the Precambrian Snowbird Tectonic Zone influenced sedimentation patterns and the creation of anomalous zones of accommodation in localized areas of the basin. Across fault boundaries and within the anomalously thick strata, both progradational and retrogradational stacking patterns occur within broadly contemporaneous deposits, complicating the correlation of stratigraphic units. While the concomitant deposition of transgressive and regressive units has been documented in a number of modern marine analogues, the concept is rarely applied to ancient successions. By identifying along-strike variabilities in shoreline geometries and incorporating the autogenic and allogenic controls that were active during deposition, a more accurate sequence stratigraphic framework can be proposed.     

四川宝兴大石包组高钛玄武岩地球化学特征及其岩石成因

分布于龙门山推覆构造带以西、松潘-甘孜地块上的宝兴二叠纪高钛玄武岩具有高的TiO2含量(＞3%)、Ti/Y比值(平均658)和∑REE(平均237μg/g),具有LREE富集的右倾型稀土元素分布模式((La/Yb)N=5.39～13.5),富含大离子亲石元素,不相容元素比值Zr/Nb为9.18～10.1,La/Nb比值为1.19～1.34,Ba/Nb比值为6.11～20.4,8Nd(t)=0.82～2.35,(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.704837～0.706157,具有洋岛玄武岩(OIB)的地球化学特征,形成于板内环境.与典型峨眉山玄武岩对比显示,其岩相学、主元素、微量元素地球化学特征和同位素组成均类似于峨眉山大火成岩省(ELIP)上部的高钛玄武岩系列(HT),表明它们可能同时或在类似的环境下形成.基于上述认识,同时结合最新的年代学研究结果,认为宝兴大石包组高钛玄武岩是峨眉山地幔柱活动的产物,属于峨眉山大火成岩省的一部分.这为峨眉山大火成岩省分布范围从扬子克拉通向西北拓展提供了重要的地球化学证据,为更好地理解该火成岩省事件及其时空分布提供了新的直接资料.     

扬子西缘澄江组底部玄武岩形成时代新证据及其地质意义

扬子西缘新元古代澄江组底部发育一套玄武岩,其形成时代一直未能准确限定。本文在野外地质调查的基础上,对云南武定罗茨地区澄江组底部玄武岩进行了较为系统的岩石学和同位素年代学研究。结果表明,最年轻一组锆石206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为804±6 Ma(MSWD=0.40),可以代表澄江组玄武岩的形成时代,从而进一步确定澄江组底界年龄为800 Ma左右。武定罗茨地区澄江组底部玄武岩显示低Si O2,高(K2O+Na2O)、Ti O2和Al2O3的特点,具有大陆裂谷碱性玄武岩的性质。结合区域相关研究资料,认为扬子西缘可能存在一个自~800 Ma持续至725 Ma的幕式双峰式岩浆岩带,而澄江组底部玄武岩和苏雄组火山岩均为~800 Ma双峰式岩浆活动的产物,并推测该双峰式岩浆岩带可能形成于大陆裂谷环境。此外,玄武岩中捕获的锆石年龄信息指示扬子西缘可能存在2.5 Ga、1.8~1.6 Ga及1.0 Ga等数期重要的区域构造-热事件。     

内蒙古西乌旗大石寨组火山岩年代学和地球化学特征及地质意义

中亚造山带南缘二叠纪火山岩的成因及形成环境一直存在争议。本文以内蒙古西乌旗罕乌拉地区发育的大石寨组火山岩为研究对象,对其开展了野外地质、岩石学、锆石U-Pb同位素年代学、地球化学研究。大石寨组火山岩为一套中酸性火山熔岩-碎屑岩组合,岩性以流纹岩为主。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素定年结果显示,2件流纹岩样品的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值分别为276±0.81Ma(MSWD=1.3)和280±0.76Ma(MSWD=0.69),说明大石寨组流纹岩喷发于早二叠世,反映了早二叠世的构造岩浆作用事件。岩石地球化学研究表明,大石寨组火山岩为一套中酸性火山岩,以高硅、富碱为特征,Ti、Mg、Fe、Ca等元素含量较低;微量元素总体含量较高,具有一致的配分曲线,Rb、Th、U、K、LREE等大离子亲石元素相对于Nb、Ta、HREE等高场强元素明显富集;稀土元素总量偏高,具一致的右倾"海鸥式"配分型式。在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图上显示明显的Ba、Sr、P、Eu和Ti的负异常。10000Ga/Al平均值3.6。地球化学特征显示该套火山岩具有岛弧火山岩的属性,类似A型花岗岩的地球化学特征,为高温低压下长英质地壳部分熔融的产物。结合地球化学特征及区域地质资料,大石寨组火山岩最可能形成于弧后扩张环境,是早二叠世古亚洲洋闭合前洋壳俯冲消减作用的产物。     

源内致密砂岩优质储层特征及控制因素分析:以川西坳陷须五段为例

川西坳陷的油气勘探已经从源储分离的常规油气勘探逐渐转变为源储一体的常规与非常规油气协同勘探,其中致密储层发育特征及成藏特点成为目前亟须解决的关键科学问题之一.运用石油地质学与沉积岩石学原理及分析方法,对川西坳陷须五段储层发育特征及控制因素进行研究,研究结果显示,须五段砂岩储层的孔隙度为1.371％～8％,小于10％,渗...