Instruction to Contributors

1　Submissionofpaper　Authorsarerequestedtosubmitoriginalpapersthathavenotbeenpublishedpreviouslyandarenotunderconsiderationfor publicationelsewhereinthesameform ,inEnglishoranyotherlanguages ,withoutthewrittenconsentofthepublisher.　PublicationsofthisJournalcoverOceanSciencesandEngineering ,MarineEnvironmentSciencesandEngineering ,MarineMeteorology ,FisherySciences ,MarineRemoteSensing ,MarineInformationTechno logy ,MarineManagement ,Limnology ,etc.　Thetypesof papersinclude :Researc…     

Guide to Authors

Aims and scope (Editorial Policy) The Journal of Mountain Science (JMS) is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands - ecoregions of particular global importance, with a particular emphasis on the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent high mountains,…     

Instruction to Contributors

1 Submission of paper Authors are requested to submit original papers thathave not been published previously and are not underconsideration for publication elsewhere in the sameform, in English or any other languages, without thewritten consent of the publisher. Publications of this Journal cover Ocean Sciencesand Engineering, Marine Environment Sciences andEngineering, Marine Meteorology, Fishery Sciences,     

Instruction to Contributors

1 Submission of paper Authors are requested to submit original papers .that have not been published previously and are not under consideration for publication elsewhere in the same form, in English or any other languages, without the written consent of the publisher.     

Guide to Authors

The Journal of Mountain Science (JMS) is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent high mountains, the Himalayas.     

Guide to Authors

Aims and scope (Editorial Policy) The Journal of Mountain Science (JMS) is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands ccorcgions of particular global importance     

Guide to Authors

Aims and scope (Editorial Policy) The Journal of Mountain Science (JMS) is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance, with a particular emphasis on the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent high mountains, the Himalayas.     

Guide to Authors

Aims and scope (Editorial Policy) The Journal of Mountain Science (JMS) is devoted to mountains and     

Instruction to Contributors

1 Submission of paper Authors are requested to submit original papers that have not been published previously and are not under consideration for publication elsewhere in the same form, in English or any other languages, without the written consent of the publisher. Publications of this Journal cover Ocean Sciences and Engineering, Marine Environment Sciences and Engineering, Marine Meteorology, Fishery Sciences, Marine Remote Sensing, Marine Information Technology, Marine Management, Limnology, etc.     

Guide to Authors

Aims and scope (Editorial Policy) The Journal of Mountain Science (JMS) is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands _ ecoregions of particular global importance, with a particular emphasis on the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent high mountains, the Himalayas. JMS mainly publishes academic and technical papers concerning environmental changes and sustainable development in mountain areas under natural conditions or / and with the influence of human activities. It particularly we…     

Guide to Authors

The Journal of Mountain Science (JMS) is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands - ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent high mountains, the Himalayas.     

Guide to Authors

Aims and scope （Editorial Policy） The Journal of Mountain Science （JMS） is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands - ecoregions of particular global importance, with a particular emphasis on the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent high mountains, the Himalayas.     

Using DNA damage to monitor water environment

DNA damage of aquatic organisms living in polluted environments can be used as a biomarker of the genotoxicity of toxic agents to organisms. This technique has been playing an important role in ecotoxicologlcal study and environmental risk assessment. In this article, main types of DNA damage caused by pollutants in water environments were reviewed; methods of detecting DNA damage were also documented for water environmental monitoring.     

Motive force of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau moving to east

A calculation formula on spherical pattern of Qinghai-Tibet plateau moving model is established. Tibet massif moves norward by east in speed of 28 mm/a, Ganshu-Qinghai massif moves to northeast in speed of 15 mm/a, Qomolangma Feng moves northward by a few east in speed of 35 -42 mm/a. The low latitude perimeter is longer than the high latitude perimeter. When the Tibet massif moves northward, its latitude perimeter must be contracted and the Tibet massif must move eastward by Cofiolis. Cofiolis force is inertial in earth rotation. It makes the fall body turning to east and the rising block turning westward. In the Northern Hemisphere, it makes the northward body turning to east and the southward block turning to west. This is the reason why the tectonic zones of western Pacific are different from those of eastern Pacific.     

Motive force of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau moving to east

A calculation formula on spherical pattern of Qinghai-Tibet plateau moving model is established, Tibet massif moves norward by east in speed of 28 mm/a, Ganshu-Qinghai massif moves to northeast in speed of 15 mm/a, Qomolangma Feng moves northward by a few east in speed of 35 -42 mm/a. The low latitude perimeter is longer than the high latitude perimeter. When the Tibet massif moves northward, its latitude perimeter must be contracted and the Tibet massif must move eastward by Coriolis. Coriolis force is inertial in earth rotation. It makes the fall body turning to east and the rising block turning westward. In the Northern Hemisphere, it makes the northward body turning to east and the southward block turning to west. This is the reason why the tectonic zones of western Pacific are different from those of eastern Pacific.     

Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Approach to Mountain Hazards in Tibet, China

Tibet is located at the southwest boundary of China. It is the main body of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the highest and the youngest plateau in the world. Owing to complicated geology, Neo-tectonic movements, geomorphology, climate and plateau environment, various mountain hazards, such as debris flow, flash flood, landslide, collapse, snow avalanche and snow drifts, are widely distributed along the Jinsha River (the upper reaches of the Yangtze River), the Nu River and the Lancang River in the east, and the Yarlungzangbo River, the Pumqu River and the Poiqu River in the south and southeast of Tibet. The distribution area of mountain hazards in Tibet is about 589,000 km^2, 49.3% of its total territory. In comparison to other mountain regions in China, mountain hazards in Tibet break out unexpectedly with tremendously large scale and endanger the traffic lines, cities and towns, farmland, grassland, mountain environment, and make more dangers to the neighboring countries, such as Nepal, India, Myanmar and Bhutan. To mitigate mountain hazards, some suggestions are proposed in this paper, such as strengthening scientific research, enhancing joint studies, hazards mitigation planning, hazards warning and forecasting, controlling the most disastrous hazards and forbidding unreasonable human exploring activities in mountain areas.     

From mandatory icebreaker guiding to a permission regime：changes to the new Russian legislation of the Northern Sea Route

This article focuses on two issues. The first concerns definitions of the Northern Sea Route （NSR） in old and new Russian legislation, and the second relates to Russian rules on icebreaker guiding. Based on a comprehensive comparative analysis of relevant Russian legal provisions enacted in 2013 and previous laws in this area, we offer the following conclusions. （1） Our legal analysis indicates that Russia＇s view of the NSR as a historical national transportation route has not changed. However, the new law redefines the scope and coverage of the NSR, which now comprises the internal waters, territorial sea, adjacent zone, and the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation. In fact, the new law resolves previous ambiguity regarding extension of the NSR boundary to the high seas. （2） Based on an analysis of the new rules on icebreaker guiding, the article concludes that NSR is transitioning from a mandatory icebreaker guiding regime into a permit regime. This is particularly evident in its provision of a concrete, practical, and predictable clause on permissible or impermissible conditions relating to independent navigation. According to the new rules, it is possible for foreign ships to undertake independent navigation in the NSR. The Russian NSR policy, therefore, appears to have changed significantly, and has future potential for opening the NSR up to the international community.