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地磁ULF前兆信息研究简述 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
地震前ULF(Ultra Low Frequency:超低频信号,频段为0.005~10Hz,国内俗称电磁波)电磁异常信号是近年国际研究的热点。本文阐述了国际上典型震例前观测到的ULF异常信号的表现形式、目前采用的一些数据处理方法以及震前ULF信号可能的产生机制,以供相关学者参考。 相似文献
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<正>1研究背景众多岩石物理实验和震例研究发现,地震在孕育和发生过程中会伴随一定幅度的电磁波辐射异常(Molchanov et al,1992;汤吉等,2010),但是这种由地震引起的地磁异常信号微弱,且容易受到空间电流体系和人为活动等因素的干扰。因此,有必要在提取震前地磁异常信号时突出震磁信号并抑制干扰源信号。Hayakawa等(1996)提出地磁极化法,并在1993年关岛8.0级地震前发现了地磁极化高值异常现象。该方法基于来源于地壳内部的磁场垂直分量幅度大于或接近水平分量幅度的理论基础,利用地磁垂直分量和水平分量幅度的比值来提取与地震有关的地磁异常信号。目前,该方法得到广泛应用并被不断完善,取得较好的应用效果。 相似文献
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收集整理2013年莱州MS 4.6地震前山东地磁台和地电场台观测数据,运用地磁垂直分量日变幅加卸载响应比法、地磁总场北京02时测值空间相关法、地磁垂直强度极化法、地电场优势方位角法,提取2013年莱州MS 4.6地震前山东出现的电磁异常,分析结果显示:(1)震前6个月内,泰安、郯城、安丘、陵阳、大山、菏泽等台站分别出现地磁F分量空间相关低值异常以及地磁Z分量加卸载响应比、地磁垂直强度极化值高值异常;(2)此次地震发生前1年内,距震中较近的乳山地电场台站在长极距NS—EW、NS—NE组合下,方位角出现测值升高—转平—下降的变化过程,并在转平—下降过程中发震。本文采取多方法、多测项相结合的分析手段,对震前异常变化进行梳理和分析,为山东及邻区基于电磁法预测地震积累了经验和震例。 相似文献
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地磁数据处理与地震关系之探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了上海崇明、佘山和杭州这3个地磁台的观测资料在2004年4月21日南黄海ML4.0级、5月26日浙江省舟山群岛ML4.3级和11月15日南黄海%4.6级地震前的异常变化特征,结果表明:杭州台和崇明台数字化地磁观测资料分钟值空间差值于4月14日~17日、4月30日、5月8日出现的异常信息很可能是震磁异常信息;杭州台和余山台数字化地磁观测资料分钟值、模拟观测21时值Z分量地磁场相关系数R值分别在震前2天、24天和震前5天、15天出现了超出2σ值的震磁异常变化:崇明和余山地磁台数字化地磁Z分量分钟值的空间差值异常信息在4月21日南黄海尬4.0级地震前后有所显示。但在5月26日舟山群岛ML4.3级地震前不太明显,可能与谈两个地磁台站相距较近日震中距较近有美. 相似文献
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野外观测和室内试验表明,地震孕育和发生过程中可能产生电磁信号。地震电磁现象在防震减灾中具有潜在的应用价值,已成为21世纪国内外地学研究热点之一。由于地震电磁信号较弱,通常混杂于空间场源信号及人文噪音中,不易在观测数据中提取出来。以2003年1月日本茨城县5.1级地震为例,探讨远场参考在超低频(ULF)地震地磁数据处理中的应用,进而检测震前局部磁场异常。在此基础上,讨论远场参考法的优势及可能存在的不足。分析结果表明,2003年1月日本茨城县5.1级地震发生前存在局部磁场异常,验证了远场参考方法的有效性,相关成果可为地震地磁数据处理提供有益参考。 相似文献
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利用云南11个地磁台站的秒采样观测数据,计算和分析了地磁垂直强度极化值Yzh在2019年8月13日、14日通海MS5.0地震前及2019年9月8日墨江MS5.9地震前的时空变化特征。研究表明,地磁台站Yzh值的幅度在震前会出现同步增强现象。而与以往的极化震例研究相比,Yzh值的高值异常在震前出现时间要更早些,可能会在震前2~5个月出现,距发震时间越近,产生的异常幅值可能越大,异常持续时间也越长。同时,研究还发现2次地震主要发生在异常空间等值线的高值区内,尤其在零值阈值线附近,这可能对今后发震地点的预测有一定的指示意义。对比异常产生时段内的Dst指数,认为该高值异常并非由空间电流体系所引起。 相似文献
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阪神·淡路大震灾后 ,日本着手对原有的地震观测体制作彻底改革 ,多项全国性配置地震计的计划同时开始启动。地震引起的地面晃动的程度不尽相同 ,无感微小地震引发的晃动仅有 0 .0 0 1 μm,频率为1 0 Hz;巨大地震引起的地面晃动的幅度高达 2~ 3 m,周期也有几十秒。虽说都称之为地震计 ,但由于地震动的振幅和频率涉及的范围太大 ,所以应针对观测对象选用不同类型的地震计。下面介绍不同类型的观测网。1 强震观测网 ( K- NET)无论大地有多大的晃动都能将其准确记录下来的地震计称之为强震计。它构造坚实 ,信号明确 ,通常设置在地表 ,对了… 相似文献
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Michael O. Garcia Diane Hanano Ashton Flinders Dominique Weis Garrett Ito Mark D. Kurz 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2012,74(6):1445-1463
The size, shape, and magmatic history of the most recently discovered shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, Mahukona, have been controversial. Mahukona corresponds to what was thought to be a gap in the paired sequence (Loa and Kea trends) of younger Hawaiian volcanoes (<4?Ma). Here, we present the results of marine expeditions to Mahukona where new bathymetry, sidescan sonar, gravity data, and lava samples were collected to address these controversies. Modeling of bathymetric and gravity data indicate that Mahukona is one of the smallest Hawaiian volcanoes (~6,000?km3) and that its magmatic system was not focused in a long-lived central reservoir like most other Hawaiian volcanoes. This lack of a long-lived magmatic reservoir is reflected by the absence of a central residual gravity high and the random distribution of cones on Mahukona Volcano. Our reconstructed subsidence history for Mahukona suggests it grew to at least ~270?m below sea level but probably did not form an island. New 40Ar–39Ar plateau ages range from 350 to 654?ka providing temporal constraints for Mahukona’s post-shield and shield stages of volcanism, which ended prematurely. Mahukona post-shield lavas have high 3He/4He ratios (16–21?Ra), which have not been observed in post-shield lavas from other Hawaiian volcanoes. Lava compositions range widely at Mahukona, including Pb isotopic values that straddle the boundary between Kea and Loa sequences of volcanoes. The compositional diversity of Mahukona lavas may be related to its relatively small size (less extensive melting) and the absence of a central magma reservoir where magmas would have been homogenized. 相似文献
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In this study, we have checked the location and focal depth of the Yecheng earthquake (m b = 6.0, maximum intensity VII) of February 14, 1980. The result shows that this is an intermediate event with a focal depth of 90 km. The microepicenter is located at 36. 4°N, 76, 9°E, while the macroepicenter is at 37.3°N, 76.9°E, 90 km to the north of the microepicenter. This is the first destructive intermediate event in China which led to a damage as severe as of intensity VII. The focal mechanism of the event is determined to be of thrust type. Combined with the analysis of seismological and geological data in surrounding area, the possible relation between the event and plate movement has been discussed. The result in this paper indicates that in some particular place, the destructive effect of intermediate event should be considered in seismic hazard assessment. 相似文献
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Sun, climate, hunger, and mass migration 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
Kenneth J. Hsu 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1998,41(5):449-472
Paleoclimatic studies indicate four epochs of global cooling during the last 4 000 years, i. e. during the few centuries before
and after 2000 BC, 800 BC, 400 AD, and 1 600 AD; the quasiperiodicity corresponds to cyclic variation of solar activity. Global
temperature changes influenced regional precipitation patterns: Northern Europe was wetter while the middle- and low-latitude
lands were more arid during colder epochs. Both sets of cold climatical conditions were unfavorable for agricultural production.
Historical records show that large demographic movements in history took place because of crop failures and mass starvation,
rather than escaping from war zones. The “wandering” of the Germanic tribes during the first two or three centuries of the
Christian Era is one example. Whereas the accelerated release of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels is ultimately
to cause global warming, historical evidence indicates, however, that global warming has been on the whole a blessing to mankind.
Global cooling, on the other hand, has curtailed agricultural production and has led to famines and mass migrations of people.
Perhaps the most important task at the present is not so much computer-modelling of greenhouse effect on global climate, but
water-management and agricultural researches to insure food-supply for an everincreasing world population. 相似文献
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In this study, we experimentally established the relationship between physical properties, vitrinite reflectance, and microstructure of coal, Taiyuan Formation, Qinshui Basin, China using representative coal samples collected from three different mines via the rock mechanics testing system (MTS). We analyzed the organic macerals, vitrinite reflectance, and microstructure of 11 coal samples using petrography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results suggest that (1) the elastic parameters can be described by linear equations, (2) both P-and S-wave velocities display anisotropy, (3) the anisotropy negatively correlates with vitrinite reflectance, and (4) the acoustic velocities and Young’s modulus are negatively correlated with the volume of micropores. The derived empirical equations can be used in the forward modeling and seismic inversion of physical properties of coal for improving the coal-bed methane (CBM) reservoir characterization. 相似文献
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Abu Sayeed Shafiuddin Ahmed Mohammad Belal Hossain Saad Mohammad Omar Faruque Babu Moshiur Rahman Jun Sun Mohammad Shafiqul Islam Sarker 《国际泥沙研究》2022,37(1):83-96
Sediment samples from the Gomti River basin were investigated to determine and evaluate trace metal concentrations,their biological effect,and potential ecological and human health risks for adults and children.The mean concentrations of trace metals were organized in the descending order of mercury(Hg)(0.08 mg/kg)>chromium(Cr)(0.06 mg/kg)>lead(Pb)(0.05 mg/kg)>arsenic(As)(0.02 mg/kg)>cadmium(Cd)(0.01 mg/kg).The current study illustrated that metals were attributed to the area from natural sources and different anthropogenic sources especially from industries.However,the concentration levels were lower than the sediment quality guidelines(SQGs)based on the effect-range classifications of threshold effect concentration(TEC)and probable effect concentration(PEC).Therefore,the concentration of the elements showed no adverse biological effects on aquatic organisms.The evaluated potential ecological risk index also revealed the low toxicity to the aquatic environment.Moreover,the applied sediment quality indices,geo-accumulation index(Igeo),contamination factor(CF),and contamination severity index(CSI)suggested that the contamination levels of the elements were in the acceptable range,and the contamination had not notably impacted on the sediment quality.The risk index(HI)concerning age groups was significantly less than the threshold limit of 1 indicating that the contamination had no non-carcinogenic risk effect.The total carcinogenic risk(TCR)was less than a risk value of 1×104.Hence,the current study suggests that immediate remediation is not required due to an absence of alarming conditions in the study area.Proper monitoring of the attribution of the metal elements should be done for the betterment of human and environmental health。 相似文献