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现有的动态路径规划算法通常只考虑当前时刻交通信息,而忽略了路段行程时间依赖于进入该路段的时刻这一现实。而且,转向延误的存在使得传统的基于节点标号的最短路径算法不再有效。本文建立了基于路段的时间依赖网络模型,将转向延误时间引入到FIFO(先进先出)条件的定义中,并给出了满足FIFO条件的路段到达时间和转向延误时间计算式。以此模型为基础,并通过将时间因子引入到启发式评价函数中,发展了基于路段标号的时间依赖A*最短路径算法。实验表明,所提出的算法能预测并回避即将发生的交通拥堵,有效节省用户的出行时间。而其平均计算时间仅比传统算法增加了10%左右。此外,由于不再需要进行频繁的路径重优化,该算法能大幅提高路径规划的整体效率。 相似文献
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高分辨率人口空气污染暴露GIS空间区划研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
集成大气污染扩散模型、GIS空间分析及人口动态制图模型(PDMM)实现了高空间分辨率空气污染浓度和人口空间分布模拟,通过构建人口空气污染暴露相对风险评价模型实现了人口空气污染暴露程度的空间格局划分.研究结果显示,空气污染浓度与人口空气污染暴露相对风险评价模型两种方法生成的人口空气污染暴露评估结果差异较大.研究结果揭示,前者在区域人口空气污染暴露评估中存在缺陷的同时(如无人居住的SO2高浓度区被误判为人口SO2污染暴露高风险区),也肯定了基于后者得到的人口空气污染暴露空间区划结果在区域空气污染暴露风险调控政策制定过程中的重要理论意义与实践价值. 相似文献
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针对障碍环境中路径规划存在的运算效率低、最短路径遗失问题,根据凸包边界在构建空间网络模型过程中具有快速高效的特点,结合路径与障碍物的相对位置关系,提出了一种基于双侧凸包扩张模型的路径快速规划算法.该算法在对凸包边界算法进行改进的基础上,提取左右侧关联障碍物的凸包边界作为网络模型,利用最短路径算法搜寻目标路径,并在Arc... 相似文献
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对于不规则三维表面路径寻优的问题,在将连续三维表面进行格网离散化的基础上,利用元胞自动机在元胞空间上的并行特性.采用元胞动态邻居,将时间演进间隔定义为最小剩余权,构造出一种新的基于元胞自动机模型的最短路径搜索算法。该方法能够达到蚁群算法效率,并且为基于元细胞自动机模型的实际应用提供新的思路。 相似文献
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《测绘科学技术学报》2017,(5)
针对摩托化机动路径规划问题,构建了顾及通行限制的动态道路网模型,重点针对道路通行能力变化、桥梁和隧道通行限制进行表达与建模;基于所构建的道路网模型,提出了一种改进的A*算法求解摩托化机动最短路径;通过构建三角不等式优化估价函数,并考虑机动过程中任务点、规避点和道路网通行限制因素的影响,最终得到耗时最短的机动路径。 相似文献
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最短路径是现代物流配送研究中热点问题之一,在分析传统启发式搜索算法的基础上,针对算法在路径优化中存在的不足,提出基于二叉树优化启发式搜索算法(A*)实现所需结点之间最短路径查询,在引入已知的全局信息条件下选择下一个被检查的结点,并根据用户给出的起始顶点与目标顶点以及搜索的角度查找最短路径,从而搜索可能性较大的结点,提高搜索过程的效率.实验表明,基于二叉树的A*比A*效率提高11%~26%. 相似文献
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针对现有路径规划算法受复杂环境信息影响较大的原因,该文通过分析环境信息,综合考虑行车的时效性、安全性要求,提出一种动态路径规划辅助决策方法。该方法通过对实时环境信息进行建模和量化处理,得到不同环境特征下的道路实际权重,为路径动态规划提供先决条件;然后利用基于一阶马尔可夫链的动态路径规划算法对路径进行规划,计算出若干可选路径可供驾驶员根据实际情况进行抉择;并通过与静态权值的路径分析算法相比较得到,它能够更好地满足复杂环境信息下最优路径的规划需求,算法效率受环境因素影响较小。 相似文献
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Concerns over the potential negative health effects from exposure to air pollution have led to interest in assessing personal exposure and finding ways to reduce it. As journey-time exposure accounts for a disproportionately high amount of an individual's total exposure, this article assesses the potential to apply least-cost techniques within a GIS in order to identify paths of lower journey-time exposure. The methodology adopted uses pollution surfaces for PM10 and CO generated by the dispersion model ADMS, with an analysis mask derived from OS MasterMap to create a least-cost surface. Actual routes taken by a cohort of 11–13 year old children on their journeys to school are used to compare observed journey time exposure with the exposure along alternative routes generated using the least-cost path function. While the least-cost approach proved to be successful in defining low exposure routes the ability to scale up this approach is constrained by the amount of editing required to successfully create an analysis mask from OS MasterMap data. Such alternative routes have the potential to assist in promoting safer environmental choices, however, their likelihood of adoption is dependant on a number of social and environmental influences which affect an individual's route choice. 相似文献
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A feasibility study in progress to integrate health and air quality information is presented. The methods of using integrated GIS and air quality dispersion modelling tools to assess the effect of the environment on health are discussed. The main aim is to model human personal exposure to air pollutants and compare the predictions to respiratory health data for asthmatics in a health telematics project. The MEDICATE project develops and tests the feasibility of using a health telematic system for asthmatics. Key to this is the determination of the real-time health (lung function) response to the ambient environment. For this, air quality information is related to respiratory measurements by modelling personal exposure through a GIS. The methods of integrating environmental modelling and assessment tools (GIS) in this case are examined. ESRI's ArcView is used to locate and compile environmental information about the patients' locations and lifestyles in the study areas (London and Barcelona). A dispersion modelling extension to ArcView, ADMS Urban, is used to interrogate the spatial environmental databases (e.g. emission inventories) to model air pollution concentrations. Patients' personal exposure is modelled by time-weighted estimates of their exposure to ambient air quality at each defined location. Lung function data can be compared on a time-wise basis with these air quality indicators to see if there is a relationship on an hourly, daily or lagged-day basis. The aim of this paper is to propose a methodology and discuss the integration and practicalities of using air quality assessment tools (inventories, dispersion modelling and a GIS) in assessing the impacts of the environment on human health. 相似文献
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本系统通过Esri公司发布的ArcGIS for Android结合天地图发布的各种OGC(Open Geospatial Consortium)服务构建了Android客户端,服务端以Linux为操作系统,Apache Tomcat为Web服务器,Postgre SQL/PostGIS为数据库,使用Java EE技术进行开发,构建了旅游助手系统。该系统不仅在Android设备上实现了地图浏览、兴趣点查询等常规功能,还实现了旅游路线分享、进入景区地理围栏时接收景区多媒体信息推送、扫描景点二维码获取景点介绍等特色功能。通过旅游助手,游客便于分享自己的旅游路线和心得,获取其他游客分享的路线和心得;景区景点便于向游客推送相关的宣传信息和景点介绍,促进景区景点信息化的建设。 相似文献
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提出了把基于典型事例推理的智能方法应用到路径规划过程中。在结合道路网络知识的基础上,定义了典型事例,并基于事例进行了推理。实验结果表明,该算法减少了搜索空间,加快了搜索速度,并满足人们喜欢在熟悉路径上行驶的偏好。 相似文献
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针对不同地形环境下存在的飞行安全性低、数据冗余、构建三维模型质量和精度差等问题,本文以单镜头四旋翼小型无人机为试验设备,对平坦地形环境下的复杂单体建筑使用井字形交叉航线和环视航线;对复杂山地地形环境下的泥石流沟谷使用水平航线、井字形交叉航线及视频航线构建三维模型,并结合航线参数、三维模型质量和精度,探讨了不同地形环境下无人机航线规划方案对三维模型构建的影响。经评价分析可知:①使用环视航线能安全、快速地获取平坦地形下的复杂单体建筑影像,构建完整、质量好、精度高的三维模型;②使用井字形交叉航线能构建山地地形下泥石流沟谷的完整、质量好、精度高的三维模型,但飞行安全性、时效性较低;③使用视频航线,影像重叠度高,能构建完整、质量好的三维模型,模型精度并无明显差异。 相似文献
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There has been a great deal of research into the short-term effects of air pollution on health with a large number of studies modelling the association between aggregate disease counts and environmental exposures measured at point locations, for example via air pollution monitors. In such cases, the standard approach is to average the observed measurements from the individual monitors and use this in a log-linear health model. Hence such studies are ecological in nature being based on spatially aggregated health and exposure data. Here we investigate the potential for bias in the estimates of the effects on health when estimating the short-term effects of air pollution on health. Such ecological bias may occur if a simple summary measure, such as a daily mean, is not a suitable summary of a spatially variable pollution surface. We assess the performance of commonly used models when confronted with such issues using simulation studies and compare their performance with a model specifically designed to acknowledge the effects of exposure aggregation. In addition to simulation studies, we apply the models to a case study of the short-term effects of particulate matter on respiratory mortality using data from Greater London for the period 2002–2005. We found a significant increased risk of 3% (95% CI 1–5%) associated with the average of the previous three days exposure to particulate matter (per 10 μg m−3 PM10). 相似文献
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根据某地区的分区统计数据和有关图集,总结设计出4种方案的分区统计地图,在自行编制的认知测试软件上进行了目标搜寻测试,结果表明,在分区统计地图上搜寻目标时,视觉系统运用了平行加工策略和序列加工策略,4个方案的目标搜寻平均反应时间和正确率受到这两种策略的影响。 相似文献
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使用无人机实施测绘航空摄影时,由于无人机相对航高较低,地面起伏会对无人机影像的分辨率、覆盖范围、重叠度造成较大的影响,影像成果会出现分辨率不足、重叠度不够、覆盖漏洞等缺陷。针对这一情况,本文提出了一种利用数字微分正解法的计算方法,借助DEM准确计算每张影像的覆盖范围,并使用FME软件高效生成全部影像的覆盖范围。经过实际使用,验证了该方法可以在航线设计阶段准确预测并分析全部影像的覆盖范围、重叠度,因此可及时发现设计问题并调整航线。该方法可以有效减少因地形起伏造成的影像覆盖缺陷,减少返工现象,从整体上提高了作业效率。 相似文献