Negative differential resistance behaviour in N-doped crossed graphene nanoribbons

By using first-principles calculations and nonequilibrium Green's function technique, we study elastic transport properties of crossed graphene nanoribbons. The results show that the electronic transport properties of molecular junctions can be modulated by doped atoms. Negative differential resistance (NDR) behaviour can be observed in a certain bias region, when crossed graphene nanoribbons are doped with nitrogen atoms at the shoulder, but it cannot be observed for pristine crossed graphene nanoribbons at low biases. A mechanism for the negative differential resistance behaviour is suggested.     

在不同应力下石墨烯中拉曼谱的G峰劈裂的变化

应用计及五阶近邻的力常数模型,研究了单轴应力下的石墨烯和芳香烃分子三明治型贴层的石墨烯中拉曼谱的G峰劈裂.计算结果表明对称性的降低解除了G峰对应的在Γ点的面内的纵波光学模声子和横波光学模声子能量简并,从而G峰劈裂为G⁺和G^- 两个峰.在单轴应力作用下,C—C键的伸长致使力常数减小,软化了面内的光学模声子,导致两个G峰都红移;芳香烃分子对石墨烯产生的沿分子长短边方向不同的应力作用,使得G峰对应的两支光学模声子的频率一支发生蓝移,而另一支发生红移.这     

波浪作用下细颗粒泥沙悬移特性的试验研究

通过9组室内水槽试验,系统分析了不同周期和波高波浪作用下粉砂质细砂的悬移特性。试验结果表明,在波浪作用下,细颗粒泥沙在水体中悬浮产生明显的三层混浊结构：近底高浓度混浊层、中部混浊层和上部低浓度混浊层。其混浊度的大小与波浪动力条件相关,波浪周期的延长和波高的增加都会使近底层悬沙浓度显著增大,悬沙浓度的波动性在近底层表现得最为突出和复杂;波浪动力条件的改变对上层水体的悬沙浓度基本不产生影响。当波浪作用停止,悬沙开始静水沉降时,近底层水体含沙浓度的变化与波浪要素的比值相关,当波浪要素的比值大于临界值时,底层含沙浓度在一定时间段内反而增加,出现浓度返起现象。     

单层正三角锯齿型石墨烯量子点的电子结构和磁性

采用基于密度泛函理论的广义梯度近似(GGA),对不同尺寸(N=2—11)的单层正三角锯齿型石墨烯量子点(Z _{N -GNDs)的结构进行优化,得到与实验数据较好符合的晶格常数,进一步计算得到不同尺寸下体系的自旋多重度、磁矩、电子态密度以及自旋电子密度.结果表明:所有体系都呈现金属性,在尺寸较小的体系中量子尺寸效应对电子结构的影响比较明显;与单层石墨烯片一样,sp²杂化作用和非键态电子在量子点中仍起到非常重要的作用;费米能级上有自旋向上的电子分布,体系的自旋多重度}     

二维悬沙长期输运速度的定义和机理分析

将悬沙和水体的长期输运分离研究,给出二维悬沙长期输运速度的定义。从理论上分析了各种物理过程对二维悬沙长期输运速度的影响机理。采用部分观测资料,对长江口二维悬沙长期输运速度及其机理作了初步的计算分析,结果表明：在最大浑浊带,悬沙和水体长期输运有明显的差别;在描述悬沙长期输运时,二维悬沙长期输运速度比二维水体长期输运速度更合理;潮泵作用和垂向切变作用是造成两者差别的主要原因。     

山东半岛沿岸流强度与悬浮体时空变化特征

基于2014—2018年NOAA/AVHRR遥感数据,在山东半岛海域选取6条剖面,结合海表温度和表层悬浮体的时空变化特征,详细研究了山东半岛沿岸流的年周期变化规律与移动路径。研究结果表明,山东半岛沿岸流年周期变化可分为4个阶段：成长期（10—12月）时开始形成于黄河口附近,沿莱州湾南部向东运移;强盛期（次年1—3月）时山东半岛沿岸流完全成型,扩散带最宽,鼎盛时期北部可以至38°N附近,东部可以至123°E附近,在35°～36°N附近分成NE—SW向的2个分支,主干部分最远可到达胶州湾东部海域,余流沿岸向西南方向转折;衰退期（4—6月）时沿岸流强度减弱,只在山东半岛北部和东部小范围内有微弱的显示;消亡期（7—9月）时基本消失。山东半岛沿岸流在冬季时对悬浮体扩散具有强烈的驱动作用,使其在黄河口南侧与山东半岛北岸-成山头东部海域分别形成呈“弧形”和“条带状”分布的2个高浓度区域。     

巴达棱湾悬沙分布特征及动力机制

利用2007年4月和7月在巴达棱湾进行的旱季和雨季水位、流速、悬沙浓度的全潮观测资料,结合2007年5月~2008年4月周年风、波浪资料,分析该海域悬沙分布特征和运移趋势,并利用机制分解法分析悬沙输运机制。结果表明,研究海域的水体含沙量存在旱季低、雨季高的季节变化,以及大潮高、小潮低的潮期变化;在平面上表现出东西两侧大、中间小,近岸高、远海低的分布特征。单宽输沙量方向与余流方向一致,表现为旱季冲刷、雨季淤积,即旱季指向外海,雨季指向湾内。通量机制分析结果表明,欧拉余流是悬沙输运的主要控制因素,其方向和大小决定了泥沙输移方向和输移量,在水深较深海域,垂向重力环流是相对次要的,而在水深较浅的海域相对次要的是悬沙潮泵输运项。     

Wintertime suspended sediment simulation in the Huanghai and East China Seas

A simulation of suspended sediment movement relating to tidal and wave forcing during a winter monsoon in November 1983 in the Huanghai and East China Seas continental shelf is attempted by using the model describing the cohesive/non-cohesive sediment resuspension generated by interactions between currents and waves.model simulation showed that sediment concentration was increased by resuspension at shallow depths during the strong storm conditions due to high bottom stress interacted between currents and waves. This result is in general agreement with observations in horizontal distribution of suspended sediment distribution.At three current meter mooring positions off the southern Shandong Peninsula resuspension occurred only at a depth of 22m,nearest coastal position and at deeper parts at depths of 51 and 80m wave-current interaction effects were not significant. It has shown that the present model simulation demonstrated the capability of reproduction of suspended sediment movement under wintertime extreme event reasonably well.     

Transport of suspended matter in a bar-built Danish estuary

The river Varde Å discharges into the bay of Ho Bugt on the western coast of Jutland forming a small, bar-built estuary. This paper deals with tidal fluxes of water and sediment in the Varde Å estuary.The inflowing water at flood tide is part of a turbidity maximum in the northern part of the bay. At high tide slack water the suspended material deposits inside the estuary. During ebb-tide it is resuspended, and the estuary bottom is washed clean coinciding with the influx of relatively pure freshwater from the drainage area.From one station in the estuary mouth, current velocities and concentrations of suspended material have been measured during 10 tidal periods covering all four seasons. It is shown how these data can be used in a quantitative calculation of the transport of water and suspended material through the cross-section of study.A model has been formulated which—based on half-tidal periods—quantifies the transport of water and suspended material through the estuary mouth.The model is calibrated on the basis of measurements made during the above-mentioned 10 tidal periods. The rather small number of measurements is to some extent compensated for by a carefully pre-arranged selection of tidal periods.The model is discussed in relation to the prediction of net suspended transport through the estuary mouth in different weather and tidal situations.     

基于遥感反演的山东半岛东北部海域悬浮体时空变化规律探讨

基于2003—2018年中分辨率成像光谱仪(moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer,MODIS)卫星遥感影像资料,结合2018年春季、夏季和冬季大面站悬浮体取样分析结果,构建了表层悬浮体浓度遥感反演模型;在此基础上,分析了山东半岛东北部海域年际和月份表层悬浮体浓度时空分布规律,探讨了表层悬浮体浓度变化的主控因素和水体结构季节变化及其对悬浮体分布输运的影响。结果表明:山东半岛东北部海域表层悬浮体总体呈近岸高远岸低的分布特征,东部成山头区域悬浮体浓度较高且向海扩散较远,西部威海湾及外侧海域悬浮体浓度较低且扩散范围小于东部。研究区悬浮体浓度季节性变化显著但对应季节年度变化较小,冬季悬浮体浓度达到最大,春秋季次之,夏季最低。研究区春季、秋季和冬季表层悬浮体浓度主要受控于北向风浪和潮流,而夏季悬浮体浓度主要受潮流控制。夏季,温跃层阻碍了悬浮体垂向扩散,导致表层悬浮体浓度极低;冬季,研究区东部成山头附近水平分布的弱温跃层虽然会在一定程度上抑制悬浮体的再悬浮,但再悬浮扩散仍是造成研究区高悬浮体浓度的主要因素。山东半岛东北部存在类似"夏储冬输"的特征...     

Transport of salt and suspended sediments in a curving channel of a coastal plain estuary: Satilla River, GA

This study describes the transport of salt and suspended sediment in a curving reach of a shallow mesotidal coastal plain estuary. Circulation data revealed a subtidal upstream bottom flow during neap tide, indicating the presence of a gravitational circulation mode throughout the channel. During spring tide, landward bottom flow weakened considerably at the upstream end of the channel and changed to seaward in the middle and downstream areas of the reach, suggesting the importance of tidal pumping. Salt flux near-bottom was landward at both ends of the channel during neap tide. At spring, however, the salt flux diverged along the bottom of the thalweg suggesting that tidal pumping caused a transfer of salt vertically and laterally into the intertidal zone. Thus, landward flux of salt is maintained even in the presence of subtidal seaward flow along the bottom at the downstream end of the channel.Landward bottom stress is greater than seaward stress, preferentially transporting suspended sediments upstream. Compared with salt, however, the weight of the suspended sediments causes less upward transfer of sediments into the intertidal zone. Flood flow carried more suspended sediments landward at the upstream end compared with the downstream end. We speculate that secondary flow in the curving channel picks up increasing amounts of suspended sediments along the sides during flood and adds them to the axial flow in the thalweg. Since the landward flow along the bottom of the thalweg weakens and even reverses during spring tide, there appears to be a complex re-circulation system for sediments re-suspended in curving channels that complicates the picture of a net transport of sediments landward.     

珠江口悬浮泥沙迁移数值模拟

建立了珠江口海域三维悬浮泥沙的非饱和输沙数学模型,并与珠江口三维水动力斜压模型耦合,对悬沙迁移分布进行了模拟。模型由4个点的逐时实测含沙量过程进行了验证。各点模拟含沙量与实测含沙量吻合较好,表层分布与同期珠江口悬沙分布遥感图像基本一致.模拟结果表明,珠江口海域悬沙分布分层明显,河口附近水域大多为底层含沙量大于表层,但在盐淡水交汇处出现中层含沙量最小的情况总体上,自各个口门输出的泥沙受沿岸流作用向西南万向输送明显。大多数河口落潮时相对涨潮时含沙量等值线外移,反映珠江口水域悬浮泥沙主要来自河流。     

洋山港海域水体和悬沙输运机制研究

对洋山港海域水体和悬沙长期输运速度分离,并进行机制分解,分析各种物理过程对水体和悬沙长期输运速度所起的作用.结果表明,水体和悬沙输运存在明显差异,直接描述悬沙净输运更准确合理;欧拉余流在水体长期输运中占主导地位,平流输运和潮泵输运是洋山港海域悬沙输运的主要动力因素,由于潮动力混合较强,垂向输运作用很小.     

乐清湾悬沙输移机制分析

以乐清湾海区特征测站实测资料为据,运用机制分解法将悬沙净输移通量分解成多个动力项并讨论不同区域悬沙输移的时空分布特征,认为潮泵输沙在湾内贡献均较大,在浅滩附近占明显优势,垂向净环流输沙在小潮期中,内湾作用显著,平流输沙在开阔水域及中湾深槽起主要作用.从余流分布、流速与含沙量的相位关系、垂向余流结构与悬沙浓度垂向梯度变化...     

福宁湾海域冬季大潮期悬浮泥沙输运特征

基于2014年12月在福宁湾附近海域8个站位的同步水文泥沙观测资料,分析了冬季大潮期悬浮泥沙分布以及输运通量的变化规律,并结合理查森数、水体混合所需的势能、潮动力引起的水体势能变化率的计算结果,初步探讨了水体的垂向混合对于悬浮泥沙垂向分布的影响,研究了悬浮泥沙的输运机制。结果表明,从湾内到湾外,温度、盐度总体上呈现递增的趋势;平面上各站位悬浮泥沙浓度由湾内向湾外递减;潮周期内悬浮泥沙浓度变化存在不对称性,总体来说,湾内及湾口处（1#站除外）涨潮阶段悬浮泥沙浓度高,湾外（4#站除外）落潮阶段悬浮泥沙浓度较高。从湾内向湾外,随着水深的增加潮周期内水体的垂向混合逐渐减弱,悬沙浓度的垂向差异逐渐增大。悬浮泥沙输运在湾内及湾口整体表现为向陆输运,在湾外为向海输运。在湾内及湾口处,各分层悬浮泥沙的输运方向大多向陆,且量值较高,而湾外的悬浮泥沙输运方向在垂向上存在差异。由于潮流不对称以及悬浮泥沙的滞后效应引起的潮泵项输运对总的悬浮泥沙通量起主要贡献。     

Numerical modelling of suspended sediment fluxes in estuarine waters

A two-dimensional finite difference numerical model, capable of predicting depth-averaged tidal flow fields in coastal and estuarine waters, has been extended to include tide-induced non-cohesive sediment transport processes. The partial differential equations governing the conservation of mass, momentum and suspended sediment in an incompressible turbulent flow are included in a depth-integrated form in the model. For the representation of the processes of erosion and deposition of sediment from the bed an empirically based source-sink term was refined, based on the results of three mobile bed flume studies. The model has been tested by simulating tidal flows and suspended sediment fluxes in two estuaries, with particular application to the Humber estuary in the U.K. The model was calibrated and found to produce an encouraging degree of agreement between the numerical predictions and corresponding field measurements for this estuary. Furthermore, the predicted gross deposition and erosion features of the estuary were found to be in close agreement with interpretations from Eulerian tidal residual predictions.     

蓬莱近岸海域夏季悬浮泥沙输运及控制因素

基于2019年6月在蓬莱近岸海域实地观测获取的样品和数据,研究了海流、温度、盐度和悬浮泥沙的时空分布特征,利用小波分析、单宽通量机制分解和Richardson数等方法,探讨了悬浮泥沙的输运机制和控制因素。研究区悬浮泥沙在平面上呈以登州浅滩为中心向周围海域逐渐降低的分布特征,垂向上呈由表层至底层逐渐升高的趋势。悬浮泥沙浓度变化与潮流变化具有较好的正相关关系,但在时间上滞后1～2 h。研究区单宽净输沙率为7.84～43.12 g/(s·m)。平流输运在研究区悬浮泥沙输运过程中占主导地位,垂向净环流输运次之。潮流是研究区悬浮泥沙输运的主要动力,悬浮泥沙净输运方向与余流方向一致,登州水道南部悬浮泥沙由西向东输运,水道中部悬浮泥沙由东向西输运,南长山岛两侧悬浮泥沙呈向水道输运的趋势。研究区海域部分水体层化现象明显,水体混合受到抑制,悬浮泥沙的分布和输运受到潮流、水体混合和地形地貌共同控制。     

长江河口悬沙与盐分输运机制分析

2004年9月15~22日在长江口南支口门区域进行了水位、流速、悬沙浓度、盐度的全潮观测,基于这些现场数据,分析河口区域流速结构、悬沙浓度与盐度的时空分布特征;利用机制分解法研究河口悬沙、盐分的通量和输运机制,并探讨它们与水体垂向结构之间的关系。主要结论如下:长江河口区的悬沙浓度存在显著的时空变化特征,从口内向口外,悬沙浓度呈显著减小趋势,大潮期间的悬沙浓度较大,是小潮期间的数倍。通量机制分析结果表明,长江河口区以欧拉余流为主,向海输运,并有向海方向逐渐减小的趋势,斯托克斯余流向陆输运,在大、小潮期间有显著差异。盐分输运机制中,以欧拉余流占主导地位,潮泵效应、垂向重力环流、垂向剪切扩散作用的贡献次之。长江河口悬沙净输运率在向海方向逐渐减小,大潮期间的悬沙净输运率比小潮期间的大1~2个数量级,水动力条件是造成长江河口悬沙净输运时空差异的主要因素。悬沙输运机制小潮期间以欧拉余流占主导地位,在大潮期间则以与紊流相关的垂向剪切扩散作用取代欧拉余流占据主导地位。悬沙瞬时输运机制中的剪切扩散项在中下层水体的理查德森数(Ri)小于0.25时才有较大的量值,在南槽内,当底层水体的理查德森数(Ri)处于-0.1相似文献   

木兰溪河口及邻近海域春季水文环境特征及悬沙输移机制分析

基于2016年春季航次观测数据,分析了木兰溪河口及邻近海域温度、盐度及浊度等水文环境要素特征;并运用通量机制分解法分析该区兴化湾南日水道连续观测站位资料,以揭示该海域悬沙输移的控制机制。结果表明,春季兴化湾及邻近海域温盐变化受木兰溪径流、浙闽沿岸流和台湾暖流共同控制,湾外东南侧海域受高温高盐台湾暖流控制,西北侧近岸海域受低温低盐的浙闽沿岸流显著影响。调查海域悬沙浓度总体较低,外海泥沙通过南日水道向兴化湾内输移,但净输运量非常有限,仅为0.32×10-4kg/(m·s)。平流输沙与潮泵输沙是南日水道泥沙净输运的主要机制,底沙再悬浮作用较显著,且剪切扩散效应也不容忽视。