基于HMM双重模型的伽马能谱漂移模拟

结合放射性测量中的能谱统计特性及漂移特点,提出了采用hidden Markov models对能谱漂移进行模拟的双重模型方法。采用Gaussian mixture model对能谱的短时瞬态特性进行描述,转化为参数化模型;采用HMM状态转移对能谱测量中的能谱漂移条件进行模拟,实现Gaussian mixture model的参数调整。实例表明,该方法可以灵活地调整参数以满足能谱漂移模拟的多样性要求,是一种性能良好的参数化模拟方法。     

指数平滑技术在斜坡位移预测中的应用

应用趋势型数据指数平滑模型预测了链子崖危岩体监测点GA的位移量.根据其观测数据呈线性趋势的特点,选取趋势型二次指数平滑的线性预测公式和合适的平滑常数值进行了计算预测.预测结果表明位移预测值与实际观测值之间的误差很小,说明该模型可很好地应用于斜坡变形位移的预测.     

基于MACD指标的渐变型滑坡临滑预报模型研究

滑坡的临滑预警预报研究一直以来都是热点也是难点。速度倒数模型是目前广泛使用的临滑预报模型,选择恰当的拟合曲线起始点将提高预报模型的精度。利用经济学上非常成熟的平滑异同平均线指标（MACD）快速寻找速度倒数模型拟合曲线的起始点,也就是滑坡临滑加速变形阶段开始加速（Onset of Acceleration,OOA）点,并以云南省会泽县的区布嘎滑坡为例,使用该指标对滑坡体进行临滑预报,并对该模型准确性进行了评估。结果表明:当变形速度的MACD值在?1~1的区间时,代表滑坡变形速度虽然有所增加,但变形趋势并未整体改变;当MACD值超过?1~1的区间,代表滑坡变形趋势整体发生改变,可将此阶段短期平均线上穿长期平均线的点（同时也是MACD值由负转正的点）,作为滑坡OOA点。利用MACD指标能够快速有效的寻找拟合曲线起始点,利用指数平滑函数（ESF）处理的监测数据,拟合曲线的确定系数最高,误差率最低,误差率低于2%,模型预测结果随着数据的更新,将不断逼近真实结果,具有较高的准确率。     

利用加权积分能谱方法和复数道分析技术对薄层的识别与分析

薄层的识别与检测在反射地震学中是一个重要问题。当地下存在薄层或更为复杂地层的情况下,为消除地层内部吸收等因素对薄层识别的影响,本文在积分能谱的基础上提出了加权积分能谱,并通过模型证明了加权积分能谱比未加权积分能谱具有更好的薄层分辨效果,同时结合高分辨率复数道分析方法,证明了x＇ ( t) 的三瞬参数与d ( t) 褶积的函数具有更高的分辨率。     

航空伽玛射线全能谱数据分析方法的理论研究

通过航空伽玛能谱测量的源项分析和测量模型建立,发现航空伽玛能谱测量谱是各种源项能谱成分的合成谱。对航空伽玛射线全能谱分析方法给出了其数学分析式,其通用式可表示为矩阵式,对于矿产勘查和核环境与核应急等不同的应用领域能表达成相应的展开式。理论研究表明,航空伽玛全谱法不需要附加的上测探测器,就可直接解决大气氡修正问题,还将具有较好的经济效益。     

采用ANFIS降低GR-660车载γ能谱测量数据的统计噪声

统计噪声是影响弱信息提取的重要因素.基于MATLAB语言编制的自适应神经网络模糊系统(ANFIS)程序,对2006年在航放标准模型上的车载γ能谱测量标定数据和满洲里地区的车载γ能谱测量数据进行处理的结果表明,该方法极大地减小了标准偏差,相当于探测器体积增加22～1151倍,增强了γ能谱的弱信息,有效地提高了探测精度.     

胶西北金矿集区地球化学多重分形模型与异常识别

能谱密度-面积多重分形模型能够有效分解复杂地球化学异常模式,处理地球化学数据中的复杂非线性关系.这里采用能谱密度-面积多重分形模型,开展胶西北金矿集区地球化学异常识别和资源潜力评价研究.在对原始地球化学数据进行对数比变换的基础上,通过因子分析提取反应成矿过程的主要元素组合,将得到的元素组合图,采用能谱密度-面积多重分形...     

γ能谱测量探测良渚古遗址的影响因素分析及数据处理

利用地面γ能谱测量方法对良渚古城墙遗址进行考古探测,目的是确定古城墙遗迹的边界、了解古城墙的展布方向。但由于γ能谱测量通常受地形、气候、统计涨落和局部干扰等因素的影响,故通过对不同成分、不同湿度、不同植被等地表因素影响下的土壤数据进行统计分析,求得校正因子,进而对地表影响因素进行校正;并利用小波滤波的方法对局部干扰和统计涨落进行了压制。该处理过程与常规的多点平滑方法相比,它更好地压制了局部干扰和统计涨落,将约40 m宽的城墙遗迹边界在图像上清晰地呈现出来,与开挖结果基本相符,对古城墙的确定起到了重要作用。     

航空放射性测量标准模型及其应用

本文对我国建成的第一个航空放射性测量标准模型的场地、规格、含量、均匀性、密度等主要参数作了简略说明,并就应用模型标定航空伽玛能谱测量系统进行了讨论。     

直接解调法在野外γ能谱解析中的应用研究

本文阐述了直接调解法的基本原理,并采用直接解调方法对野外γ能谱仪的谱线进行重构,从而获得净峰面积。将该方法应用到能谱刻度和仪器标定中,通过在混合模型上的测量结果比较,表明直接解调方法可以有效提高测量精度。有效提高野外γ能谱测量效率,从而达到高效运用于核资源勘查中的目的。     

γ射线低能谱测量在地质调查中的初步应用

在分析介绍野外地面γ射线谱仪器设备的基础上，针对低能γ射线谱的特点，结合地质调查项目，在金矿勘查工作中进行了实际应用。并以特例的形式，给出一个测点的实测γ射线谱曲线图、一条测线的综合剖面图和一个工作区的平面结果图，结果表明，低能γ射线谱能够在覆土覆盖的泥质片岩中较好地区分出含矿有利层位一炭质片岩的分布范围。     

野外多道伽马能谱测量在核环境地质评价中的应用

介绍了最新研制的CD-10野外便携式伽马全谱仪工作原理和主要技术指标.该仪器对伽马射线能量分析范围是30~3 000 keV,分析道数为1 024道,对137Cs的能量分辨率小于12%,取消了放射性稳谱参考源,采用数字稳谱技术,实现了无干扰天然伽马射线全谱(30~3 000 keV)测量,并以在核环境地质评价中的应用实例,说明了伽马全谱仪的主要特点和应用前景.     

Determination of uranium, thorium and potassium contents in rock and soil samples using low-energy gamma ray spectrometry

A low-energy gamma ray spectrometric set-up for determination of uranium, thorium and potassium in rock and soil samples is described. The procedure described exploits the fact that a large proportion of gamma quanta produced in the Th and U decay series have energies of less than 1 MeV. The instrumental parameters such as sensitivity and detection limits for the low-energy region have been studied. The measuring conditions were optimized by suitably minimizing the background and by increasing the overall sensitivity with the help of proper geometry of measurement and sample parameters. High sensitivity and low detection limits for U and Th can be achieved using low-energy gamma ray spectrometry. The method provides a rapid analysis with a counting time of the order of a few minutes for each sample.     

Origin and significance of the Toolebuc gamma‐ray anomaly in parts of the Eromanga Basin

The Toolebuc Formation, which is a potentially important source of oil shale in the Eromanga Basin of NW Qld, exhibits a marked gamma‐ray response that has long beeen used as a stratigraphic marker. At Julia Creek, a large area of the Formation contains low‐grade oil shale that is accessible to mining. Detailed investigation, by gamma‐ray spectrometry and neutron activation analysis, of drill core samples from this deposit and from the type section of the Toolebuc Formation at Boulia (BMR Boulia 3A stratigraphic drill hole) show that the Toolebuc gamma‐ray anomaly in the northern Eromanga Basin is due to the presence of uranium. Analyses for organic carbon and phosphorus show that the uranium is associated primarily with organic matter in the oil shales and with phosphatic skeletal fish debris in the accompanying coquinites.

Drill core samples from Tibooburra, N.S.W. were also analysed (BMR Urisino‐1 stratigraphic drill hole) to investigate whether the gamma‐ray anomalies observed in the Bulloo Embayment on the southern margin of the Eromanga Basin (possibly correlative with the Toolebuc Formation) might also be indicative of oil shale. The results show that the much weaker anomaly at this locality is due principally to potassium and reflects the presence of an argillaceous siltstone within glauconitic sandstones.     

金矿找矿中的核技术及其应用

通过测定特征放射性核素的含量变化以及利用成矿组分中一些高品位共生元素与金密切的相关关系,可利用地面伽马能谱与X荧光测量在现场快速揭示金矿化的存在,同时对金的品位进行准定量评价,以及指导野外地质采样和山地工程.     

Relation between source rock properties and wireline log parameters: An example from Lower Jurassic Posidonia Shale, NW-Germany

The relationships between source rock quality and wireline log parameters were established for the Lower Jurassic Posidonia Shale, the most prolific petroleum source rock of Central Europe. Wireline logs used are the gamma ray spectrometry, density, sonic and various resistivity logs. The organic geochemical parameters considered include the organic carbon content, hydrogen index, and the hydrocarbon potential expressed by pyrolysis yield. The case history presented is based on a continuous core through the entire Posidonia Shale interval from a location where this source rock is immature. Care was taken to detect and to avoid samples and log values influenced by bore hole roughness and fractures. Fair correlations were observed only between uranium content from gamma ray spectrometry log and organic carbon content. No correlation was recognized between uranium content and kerogen type as defined by hydrogen indices. For various reasons density, sonic, and resistivity logs did not provide useful data in this study.Three rock units with irregular, high and low uranium contents could be differentiated. Possible causes for this tripartition are different environments during deposition and postdepositional redistribution of uranium during early diagenesis and in association with fractures.     

随钻脉冲中子-伽马密度测井响应数值模拟

随钻过程中采用D-T可控中子源和2个NaI晶体探测器系统,记录两个探测器的非弹性散射和俘获伽马射线,采用俘获伽马计数比值进行含氢指数校正后,建立非弹性散射伽马计数比和地层密度的响应关系,从而实现脉冲中子-伽马密度测井.利用蒙特卡罗方法模拟地层条件下非弹性散射和俘获伽马分布,得到非弹伽马计数与地层密度和含氢指数都有关,但近、远探测器俘获伽马计数比反映含氢指数灵敏度高,利用其对含氢指数校正后就可以得到非弹伽马计数与地层密度的关系;通过二元回归方法得出地层密度校正后的响应公式,校正后视密度和真密度值相差很小.研究结果表明,在随钻过程中利用脉冲中子伽马测井方法可以确定地层密度.      

Smoothing and Change Point Detection for Gamma Ray Count Data

Gamma ray detectors are used to measure the natural radioactivity of rocks. For a number of boreholes drilled at a site the gamma ray detector is lowered into each borehole and counts of gamma ray emissions at different depths are recorded as the instrument is gradually raised to ground level. The profile of gamma counts can be informative about the geology at each location. The raw count data are highly variable, and in this paper we describe the use of adaptive smoothing techniques and change point models in order to identify changes in the geology based on the gamma logs. We formulate all our models for the data in the framework of the class of generalized linear models, and describe computational methods for Bayesian inference and model selection for generalized linear models that improve on existing techniques. Application is made to gamma ray data from the Castelreagh Waste Management Centre which served as a hazardous waste disposal facility for the Sydney region between March 1974 and August 1998. Understanding the geological structure of this site is important for further modelling the transport of pollutants beneath the waste disposal area.     

航空伽马能谱测量方法技术现状与展望

简要地介绍了国内外航空伽马能谱测量方法技术的发展现状,尤其是近年来航空伽马能谱测量在仪器研制、数据处理与资料解释方法技术及应用领域等方面取得的最新进展,并结合我国当前地质找矿工作的需求,提出今后一段时期我国航空伽马能谱量测工作的重点应着眼于加强区域性航空伽马能谱测量工作,重视资料的二次开发利用及拓展新应用领域;要作好仪器国产化之后的实用化开发,及加强航空伽马能谱测量新方法技术研究。     

Integrated radiometric prospecting for petroleum in the Kailu Basin, Inner Mongolia, China

The Kailu Basin of Inner Mongolia contains anticlinal petroleum traps in the Jurassic Jiufutang Formation. Characteristic radiometric anomaly patterns were established over a known hydrocarbon pool and were used as a model to predict the potential of two unexplored traps. Some environmental variables, including the occurrence of sand dunes, interfere with the signal associated with the petroleum reservoirs making it difficult to pinpoint their location. Thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD), which measures an accumulated radiation flux signal rather than short-term radiation obtained by gamma ray spectrometry, is less affected by these factors and is better able to predict the location of oil reservoirs. The predictions made in the present study have been tested by drilling 7 wells. The results of these tests show that our interpretation was essentially accurate.