闽南-台湾浅滩渔场金色小沙丁鱼精巢的发育

金色小沙丁鱼精巢发育分为6期,精巢属于典型的叶状精巢,每一精小叶内有许多结缔组织纤维束将生殖细胞与精小叶壁联系起来。每一纤维束上连接的生殖细胞的发育都是同步的。闽南－台湾浅滩渔场的金色小沙丁鱼雄鱼1a至少生殖2次。     

闽南-台湾浅滩渔场6种中上层鱼类的生殖生物学特性

分析了闽南－台湾浅滩渔场蓝圆、金色小沙丁鱼、鲐鱼、颌圆、竹矬鱼、羽鳃鲐等６种鱼类的生殖生物学特性。结果表明：肝指数、脂肪系数、丰满度的周年变化均与生殖过程有一定关系。成熟系数及性腺组织学观察得出６种鱼的生殖期分别为：蓝贺：３～７月;金色小沙丁鱼：３～７月;鲐鱼：１～５月;颌圆：４～７月;竹矬鱼：１２至年４月;羽鳃鲐：３～８月。     

闽南粤东近海金色小沙丁鱼的生物学及其渔业

金色小沙丁鱼为暖水性中上层鱼类,广泛分布子三大洋的温暖海区及我国南海和东海南部。随着灯光围网渔业的发展,六十年代后期金色小沙丁鱼已成为闽南粤东海区的主要渔获对象,在福建海洋渔业中占有重要地位。1971—1974年福建中上层鱼类调查组曾对它和蓝圆鲹等中上层鱼类进行多年调查研究。下面谨将关于金色小沙丁鱼的调查结果结合个人的一些研究综合成文,供水产学界同志参考。一、闽南粤东近海金色小沙丁鱼的生物学(一) 体长组成闽南粤东渔场金色小沙丁鱼春汛生殖群体的又长范围大致在160—260毫米之间,几年来的变动不大。1971年春为159—255毫米(测定1211尾),1972年为164—257毫米(905     

闽南-台湾浅滩颌圆鲹种群年龄结构和生长特性的研究

颌圆鲹(Decapterus lajang Bleekerng)属暖水性中上层鱼类,分布于非州南部、印度洋、印度尼西亚、菲律宾、南海、台湾海峡、东海和日本南部。它是闽南-台湾浅滩渔场灯光围网的捕捞对象之一,年渔获量0.8—3.9万担,平均2.1万担,占灯光围网总渔获量的1—5％(平均3％),次于蓝圆鲹、金色小沙丁鱼、脂眼鲱和鲐鱼,居第五位。     

线纹海马(Hippocampus erectus)性腺特异性结构与生殖细胞发育特征研究 *

海马属(Hippocampus)鱼类具有独特的雄性育儿繁殖方式, 其卵巢和精巢结构也极其独特。本研究系统阐明了线纹海马(Hippocampus erectus)的性腺及生殖细胞的发育特征, 根据组织学结构和细胞形态学变化特征, 将线纹海马的精巢和卵巢发育过程均分为6个时期。其中, 卵巢发育方式为不同步成熟型, Ⅰ期卵巢只包含第Ⅰ时相卵母细胞, 包括卵原细胞和早期初级卵母细胞(d<20μm); Ⅱ期卵巢开始出现第Ⅱ时相卵母细胞(d=20~140μm); Ⅲ期卵巢卵母细胞数量显著增多, 体积增大, 并开始出现第Ⅲ时相卵母细胞(d=140~260μm), 此时细胞内开始出现皮质小泡、卵黄颗粒和卵黄膜; Ⅳ期卵巢开始出现第 Ⅳ时相卵母细胞(d=260~1100μm), 卵黄颗粒充满整个细胞质, 形成过渡期的卵黄球; Ⅴ期卵巢出现大量第Ⅴ时相成熟卵母细胞(d=1100~2000μm), 细胞内形成流动性卵黄囊; Ⅵ期卵巢为排卵不久后的卵巢, 卵母细胞数量显著减少。线纹海马精巢属于非限制型小叶精巢, Ⅰ期精巢主要含精原细胞, 核大, 含一到多个核仁; Ⅱ期精巢开始形成精小囊, 囊内出现初级精母细胞; Ⅲ期精巢呈乳白色, 开始出现次级精母细胞; Ⅳ期精巢体积较 Ⅲ期时显著增大, 开始出现精子细胞, 并逐渐移向中央生精腔; Ⅴ期精巢内含大量的成熟精子, 随时准备释放。精子释放后精巢进入Ⅵ期, 残留少量精细胞在生精腔中。组织化学反应结果显示, 氨基酸、蛋白质和脂肪的信号在卵母细胞的细胞质、卵黄囊中呈阳性, 且随着卵母细胞的发育而增强。本研究结果为进一步探索海马属鱼类雄性繁殖策略提供了重要的基础数据。     

养殖光唇鱼(Acrossocheilus fasciatus) 卵巢发育的组织学观察

采用解剖及石蜡切片技术,观察研究了养殖光唇鱼(Acrossocheilus fasciatus)卵巢发育的形态及组织学结构特征。结果表明,第一次性周期内,4—5月龄鱼卵巢处Ⅰ期,内以第Ⅰ时相卵细胞为主;6—18月龄鱼卵巢处Ⅱ期,内以第Ⅱ时相卵母细胞为主,单层滤泡膜形成;19—20月龄鱼卵巢处Ⅲ期,内以第Ⅲ时相卵母细胞为主,双层滤泡膜及放射带形成,胞质内出现液泡及卵黄粒;21—22月龄鱼卵巢处Ⅳ期,内以第Ⅳ时相卵母细胞为主,胞质内充满卵黄粒;23—24月龄鱼卵巢处Ⅴ期,内以第Ⅴ时相卵母细胞为主,滤泡膜脱落;25月龄鱼卵巢处Ⅵ期,内以空滤泡和第Ⅱ、第Ⅲ时相卵母细胞为主。6—7月为主要产卵期,9月产后卵巢恢复至Ⅱ期,12月进入Ⅲ期,并以该期越冬,4月卵巢重新往前发育。光唇鱼属短期分批产卵类型鱼类。     

大弹涂鱼卵细胞发育的显微和超微结构

运用光镜和电镜观察了大弹涂鱼卵细胞发育各时相的形态结构。结果表明，卵细胞发育可分为6个时相，即（1）卵原细胞、（2）卵母细胞单层滤泡、（3）卵母细胞出现脂滴和卵黄、（4）卵母细胞卵黄充满、（5）卵母细胞核极化和（6）卵母细胞退化时相。发现颗粒细胞之间的滤泡小泡。成熟卵中的皮质泡在受精以前就开始释放其内含物到卵周期。对滤泡小泡和滤泡腔、皮质泡的作用以及卵膜结构变化作了讨论。     

中国鲎卵子发生的细胞学研究

本文利用光学显微镜术和电子显微镜术研究中国鲎的卵子发生,中国鲎的卵子发生分为卵原细胞、早期卵母细胞、卵黄发生前的和卵黄发生的卵母细胞四个阶段,卵原细胞由生殖上皮发育而来,通过有丝分裂增加细胞数目;细胞质呈嗜酸性,细胞器不发达;核仁呈均匀致密的结构,早期卵母细胞在生殖上皮发育,细胞质呈弱嗜碱性,细胞器也不甚发达;在早期卵母细胞的开始阶段,核发生减数分裂前的变化。卵黄发生前的卵母细胞依靠柄细胞悬浮于卵巢小管;卵母细胞为基膜所覆盖,细胞器很发达;核仁出现空泡,形成状核仁,染色质呈分枝网妆,卵黄膜的出现是卵母细胞进入卵黄发生的卵母细胞的显著标志;质膜出现微吞饮活动;细胞质形成和积累大量的卵黄粒.在卵黄支生中,四种细胞组分:高尔基液泡、线粒体、平滑内质网膜囊和微吞饮泡可能参与卵黄粒的形成。     

台湾海峡金色小沙丁鱼幼鱼索饵群体研究

本文研究了台湾海峡南部和北部的金色小沙丁鱼当年生幼鱼计数性状和量度性状特征差异,并结合其生物学特性、产卵场、洄游及海区环境特征进行综合分析。结果表明,台湾海峡南部和北部的索饵幼鱼仍属于同一地方种群:闽南-台湾浅滩语地方种群。根据其索饵洄游特点,可分为台湾海峡南部和北部两个索饵群体.     

闽南-台湾浅滩渔场蓝圆分群问题初步研究

通过对闽南一台湾浅滩渔场蓝圆春季生殖群体计数和量度性状特征差异比较，并结合生物学特征、产卵场、洄游以及海洋环境等综合分析。研究结果表明在闽南一台湾浅滩渔场春季蓝圆是分批进入渔场的，在该渔场，春季至少存在两个群体，它们的形态学特征差异主要表现在胸鳍上．第１群体的胸鳍鳍条数为２２．６１士０．０８３８，第２群体的胸鳍鳍条数为２２．３６±０．０８４６．第２群体的丰满度和个体比第１群体稍小．     

Reproductive cycle,size at first maturation and fecundity in the golden ling,Genypterus blacodes,in Chile

Reproductive aspects of the golden ling, Genypterus blacodes, from the southern Chilean fishery are presented. Gonad samples were obtained from commercially caught fish between September 1999 and October 2000. Stage of sexual maturity, gonadosomatic index (GSI), and size of females at 50% maturation determined by logistic methods and by plotting the mean GSI by total length, are presented for both years. Batch fecundity was calculated from subsampling mature ovaries containing oocytes in advanced stages of maturity. Changes in GSI and monthly diameters of oocytes showed that ling had a spawning season which extended between August and November. The sizes at first maturity in 1999 and 2000 were 86.6 and 84.8 cm total length (TL), respectively, using the logistic model, and 84 cm for both years using the mean GSI‐size plotting method. The mean batch fecundity was 333 330 oocytes per individual for fish sized 85–120 cm TL. Fecundity increased with increasing weight and total length.     

Merluccius capensis spawn in Namibian waters,but do M. paradoxus?

Spawning time and areas, and the length of the spawning season of shallow-water (Merluccius capensis) and deep-water (M. paradoxus) hake, were investigated from bottom trawl collections taken in Namibian waters between September 1998 and October 2000 and from August to November 2001. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) and the incidence of advanced maturity stages of M. paradoxus were low along the entire coast throughout the year, but with a few exceptions in the south (between Lüderitz and Orange River). By contrast, M. capensis spawn in the area throughout the year, but mainly between July and October. Evaluating the accuracy of visual maturity staging by comparing results with those of image and histological analyses revealed few errors in classifications of maturity stage in the field, with the exception of Stage 5 (spent and resting) in M. paradoxus. Specific GSI values were intercalibrated with the appearance of developing oocytes. As the GSI is quickly estimated, this new concept, designated here as a 'maturity reference line', could enhance understanding of the spawning biology of other species with a similarly complex, indeterminate spawning strategy. It is concluded that M. paradoxus do not appear to spawn in Namibian waters.     

缢蛏卵母细胞卵黄发生过程的超微结构研究

于１９８５年９－１０月，从厦门沿海滩涂采回缢蛏雌性亲贝，利用透射电镜观察卵母细胞卵黄发生过程的超微结构变化。结果表明，多数卵黄球首先是通过聚集方式形成的。游离于胞质中的絮状物质和小泡先聚集而成致密无膜的小团，随后逐渐增大，并与不同来源的颗粒或民融，了母形成具膜的、圆形的卵黄球。线粒体，高尔基体、内质网及微蚕噬作用形成的颗粒等均以不同的程度参于卵黄发生。来源于内质网和环孔瓣状体的光面小泡可转化形成脂     

The Reproductive Cycle of Ophioderma brevispinum (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

Abstract. .The reproductive cycle of the brittlestar Ophioderma brevispinum is described using histological and organ index data for a population in Massachusetts, U.S.A. The cycle consists of a one month mid-summer spawning phase followed by gametogenesis and gradual gonadal growth during the winter, and greatly accelerated gonadal growth from May to June. At the end of the spawning season, oogonia proliferate near the base of the ovary, and a continuous layer of spermatogonia lines the testis. As oocytes grow to a maximum diameter of 350 um, yolk granules accumulate and the cytoplasm becomes less basophilic. Prior to spawning, the testis becomes branched and sulcate, and a whorl of spermatozoa produced by columns of spermatids accumulates in the lumen. Comparisons between the reproductive cycles of different populations of O. brevispinum and its congeners support the hypothesis that temperature may be a critical exogenous factor, but definitely not the only factor, in the initiation and duration of the growth and spawning phases of the ophiuroid reproductive cycle.     

Using oocyte size to assess seasonal ovarian development in Solea solea (L.)

Maximum oocyte size was used to assess seasonal ovarian development in sole. Fish age, especially the adolescent period, appeared to affect the start of vitellogenin-dependent oocyte development in the annual reproductive cycle and the subsequent oocyte growth rate. The majority of oocyte growth occurred between September and March. Several other aspects of ovarian development were also age-dependent, including the increase in ovary condition factor (ovary weight/fish length³) and the size of oocytes commencing nuclear migration. Evidence is presented that in the recruiting year class of sole abortive maturation occurs where oocytes develop yolk but spawning does not take place. The implications of this study on the estimation of female spawning stock biomass are discussed.     

光裸星虫体腔液中卵子发生的超微结构

为探究光裸星虫卵子发生的细胞学特点,利用电镜技术观察了光裸星虫体腔液中卵子发生过程的超微结构变化。结果表明:(1)光裸星虫体腔液中存在游离的卵原细胞和卵母细胞,卵母细胞的发育分为卵黄形成前期、卵黄形成初期、卵黄旺盛合成期和成熟期4个阶段。(2)卵原细胞的细胞器少,核质比大。卵黄形成前期,卵母细胞的细胞器有所增加,大量核仁外排物进入胞质中;出现卵黄膜和胶质膜,卵黄膜遍布微孔。卵黄形成初期卵母细胞核有较多突起,细胞器大量增加,出现分散分布的卵黄粒。卵黄旺盛合成期卵母细胞迅速增大,卵黄大量积累。成熟期卵母细胞核膜突起回缩,胶质膜易于脱落。(3)卵黄分为2种。Ⅰ型卵黄电子密度高,不发生融合,为内源性卵黄;II型卵黄中等电子密度,可融合为无定形卵黄块,为外源性卵黄。(4)成熟卵母细胞卵黄膜为三层,外层为颗粒层,表面具有粒状突;中层初始为均质结构,不断增厚并纤维化;内层致密,厚度不均。胶质膜电子密度极低。(5)卵子外有滤泡细胞,其核质比很大,细胞器少,在卵母细胞成熟期发生凋亡。文章还探讨了胶质膜、卵黄膜、滤泡细胞的功能,以及细胞器在卵黄形成中的作用。研究结果积累了光裸星虫卵子发生细胞学资料,为光裸星虫生殖调控与人工繁育研究提供理论参考。     

Reproductive traits of sandbird octopus, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Amphioctopus aegina</Emphasis> (Gray, 1849) from Mandapam coastal waters (Palk Bay), Southeast Coast of India

The sandbird octopus Amphioctopus aegina (Gray, 1849) is one of the important octopod species in trawl catches in Mandapam waters (Palk Bay). The reproductive biology of this species from these waters was studied from October 2001 to September 2002. In the majority of months(Jan–June), the sex ratio was biased towards males. The ratios of males to females increased consistently with respect to weight Total weight at first maturity were 78.78g for females and 40.8 g for males. Four maturity stags were recognized for females and two for males. Maturation and spawning occur all year round, with a peak during October and another peak during January–February. In males, no definite seasonal changes were observed in gonadosomatic index (GSI) values. In females there were two peaks in GSI values during October and January–February. For individuals of a DML range of 67–85 mm fecundity varied between 2,962–8,820 oocytes. The average relative fecundity was estimated at 68 to 83 and the average number oocytes per gram of ovary were 488 to 539.     

海南澳洲管体星虫卵细胞发育及生殖周期研究

澳洲管体星虫(Siphonosoma australe)是海南当地极具特色的星虫资源, 经济价值高。近年来该资源急剧衰竭, 开展星虫资源恢复与保护十分重要。文章对海南澳洲管体星虫卵细胞的显微与超微结构进行研究。结果显示: 1) 卵细胞发育经历4个阶段: 生长前期, 体腔液中大量光滑的凹饼状红细胞出现表面凹凸不平的褶皱(直径小于30μm), 暗示这些红细胞是卵原细胞; 生长后期, 30~40μm的卵细胞表面褶皱消失, 变成光滑的圆厚饼状, 并出现厚度1μm的卵黄膜, 卵黄颗粒开始积累; 成熟前期, 卵细胞球状, 直径60~120μm, 卵黄膜增厚至5~11μm, 卵黄颗粒增多, 细胞核增大, 部分染色质形成高电子密度的团块散布于核内; 成熟后期, 直径120μm, 卵黄膜厚11~12μm, 卵黄颗粒充满整个卵细胞, 膜孔外露于膜表层。2) 成熟期澳洲管体星虫卵黄膜仅分为两层: 有一定厚度的均质内层和多层重叠膜结构组成的外层, 同时外层上覆盖有粒状突。膜孔结构简单, 主要是膜凹陷折叠形成。3) 卵黄颗粒分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型, 其发生途径主要由线粒体、内质网、高尔基体和溶酶体等细胞器演变而成, 亦可由卵母细胞吞饮而成。最为常见的是高尔基体包裹形成的Ⅱ型卵黄颗粒。4) 海南文昌海域澳洲管体星虫的繁殖季节为4—8月, 其中5—7月是繁殖高峰期。3月初卵母细胞开始出现, 4—8月成熟卵细胞在体腔中保持一定密度, 9月份卵细胞密度降至极低, 10月份后消失。澳洲管体星虫作为一种新的具有热带特色的水产种质资源, 其卵细胞发育及生殖周期研究将极大推动其繁育及保护的相关技术探索。     

黑斑口虾蛄(Oratosquilla Kempi Schmitt)配子发生的显微观察

观察黑斑口虾蛄Oratosquillakempi的精巢和卵巢 ,并对精、卵巢进行组织切片显微观察。结果表明 :黑斑口虾蛄的精巢由 1对很细的管状结构组成 ,精子发育可分为精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子等期 ,精子圆球形 ,无鞭毛。卵巢分左、右两叶 ,对称且相互粘连。卵细胞为多黄卵 ,卵母细胞发育分为未发育期、卵黄形成前期、卵黄形成期和成熟期 4期 ;在卵黄形成前期形成大的生发泡。卵巢发育分为未发育期、发育早期、发育期、成熟前期、成熟期和产卵后期 6期。