高邮湖底泥及出入湖河口表层沉积物重金属元素分布与潜在生态风险评价

为查清高邮湖底泥及出入湖河口表层沉积物重金属分布特征,评价其潜在生态风险,以湖区及周边25个底泥和沉积物样品为载体,重点研究8种重金属元素,选用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合指数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法,相似比对重金属污染等级及评价潜在生态风险。测试数据表明,8种重金属元素中,仅Hg含量（平均值）未超过里下河浅洼平原表层土壤重金属元素背景值,As含量（最大值）超过农用地土壤污染风险筛选值。Pearson相关系数矩阵表明,重金属元素Ni与Cr、Pb、Zn、Cu之间具显著同源性;单因子污染指数法与内梅罗综合指数法评价结果显示,污染指数均值排序均为As＞Cd＞Pb＞Cu＞Zn＞Ni＞Cr＞Hg,但对As、Cd评价前者为轻度污染,后者为中度污染;地累积指数Igeo显示,仅As为轻度污染,其余元素均为无污染状态。沉积物单项潜在生态风险指数排序为Cd＞Hg＞As＞Pb＞Cu＞Ni＞Cr＞Zn,仅Cd属中风险,其余元素为低风险;研究区综合潜在生态风险指数RI均值为115.7,表明全区总体生态风险属于低风险状态,重金属有沿入湖河口向湖心区富集趋势。     

北京市海淀区某些重点企业周边表层土壤重金属污染风险评价与变化趋势研究

采用单因子指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法、地累积指数法与潜在生态危害指数法对2018—2020年海淀区重点企业周边表层土壤样品中8项重金属元素全含量进行污染、累积与生态风险评价,浅析重金属累积来源及变化趋势.结果表明,PN最大值为0.55,低于0.7,土壤环境质量为安全等级.Cr、Cu、Zn、Hg、As为主要累积元素,Cu、Zn、Pb、Hg、Ni两两之间存在极显著相关性,Cr与其他元素相关性相对较弱.分析土壤中Cr累积主要受成土母质影响,Hg累积主要为点源污染造成.土壤中重金属全含量各年均值变化趋势平稳,仅个别企业周边土壤潜在生态风险相对略高,建议加强企业内部和周边土壤监测等.     

北京市海淀区某些重点企业周边表层土壤重金属污染风险评价与变化趋势研究

采用单因子指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法、地累积指数法与潜在生态危害指数法对2018—2020年海淀区重点企业周边表层土壤样品中8项重金属元素全含量进行污染、累积与生态风险评价,浅析重金属累积来源及变化趋势.结果表明,PN最大值为0.55,低于0.7,土壤环境质量为安全等级.Cr、Cu、Zn、Hg、As为主要累积元素,Cu、Zn、Pb、Hg、Ni两两之间存在极显著相关性,Cr与其他元素相关性相对较弱.分析土壤中Cr累积主要受成土母质影响,Hg累积主要为点源污染造成.土壤中重金属全含量各年均值变化趋势平稳,仅个别企业周边土壤潜在生态风险相对略高,建议加强企业内部和周边土壤监测等.     

渤海湾西部海域表层沉积物重金属含量分布与评价

通过分析测定渤海湾100个站位表层沉积物中重金属元素的含量,探讨其分布特征及富集状况,并通过地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对渤海湾西部岐口凹陷海域底质环境进行了评价。结果表明:渤海湾西部海域表层沉积物中As、Hg、Cu、Pb、Cd的平均含量分别为12.9×10~(-6)、0.031×10~(-6)、29.5×10~(-6)、27.4×10~(-6)、0.159×10~(-6)。结合5种元素的地球化学图及地累积指数法分析表明,研究区表层沉积物整体上未受到As、Hg、Cu、Pb、Cd的污染,而在高值区Pb和Cu达到轻度污染的水平;潜在生态危害指数法的评价结果指明,重金属元素的潜在危害程度顺序是HgCdAsPbCu,研究区重金属的潜在生态危害轻微,只有在高值区,Hg和Cd才达到中等程度的生态危害。     

南通近海潮滩表层沉积物重金属含量特征与生态风险评价

基于南通近海(洋口港—吕四)潮滩特点布设潮滩断面并采集表层沉积物,根据样品汞、镉、铅、砷、铬等7种重金属元素含量测试结果,分析研究区沿海潮滩表层沉积物主要重金属元素含量特征,并与江苏其他滨岸地区潮滩沉积物的重金属含量进行对比,初步探讨2009—2012年南通沿海滩涂表层沉积物重金属含量变化与元素的相关性。采用潜在生态危害指数法评价南通近海潮滩表层沉积物中7种重金属元素的潜在生态危害系数及潜在生态风险。南通潮滩表层沉积物重金属含量分布均匀,且低于江苏省苏北其他地区沿海潮滩的沉积物含量。7种重金属元素的相关分析表明,Cu与Pb、Zn具有较好的相关性,Pb与Cd、Hg的相关性最差。潜在生态危害指数法评价表明,南通近岸潮滩表层沉积物7种重金属潜在生态危害系数均属低生态危害范畴,近岸海域(洋口港—吕四段)潮滩表层沉积物环境质量总体较好。     

泉州湾洛阳江河口潮间带沉积物中重金属来源分析

采用ICP-MS检测技术,对泉州湾洛阳江河口潮间带3个沉积柱中重金属Hg、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Fe的含量与垂向分布特征进行了分析,并结合因子分析、聚类分析和元素地球化学特征对柱中各重金属元素的来源进行了探讨。结果表明,泉州湾洛阳江潮间带柱状沉积物中主要受污染元素为Cu、Zn、Cd、Hg,以人类活动输入为主;V、Mn、Co、Ni、Fe主要受地球化学背景值影响,以自然来源为主。并利用V和Fe作为参考元素,将数据进行标准化,以目标元素和V对应Fe的变化趋势做了归一化分析并作散点图,得出的结论与因子分析和聚类分析的结果一致,说明该方法适用于区分沉积物重金属的自然来源和人为来源。     

临洪河口现代沉积环境及重金属元素的分布特征

对江苏北部临洪河口不同区域的表层与柱状沉积物进行了粒度分析、石英颗粒表面微细结构和沉积物的测年分析以及沉积物中的重金属含量分析．将河口划分为不同的沉积环境区．探讨了不同沉积环境中沉积物的粒度分布、石英颗粒表面微细结构、沉积速率以及重金属元素分布差异的原因。结果显示,临洪河口可以划分为低潮滩上的波浪与潮流强烈混合作用区、高潮滩上的弱潮流作用区、口门附近的潮流与河流强烈混合作用区和河道内河流与潮流弱混合作用区。重金属的含量在柱样的30～40cm深度呈现向表层递增的趋势,Hg的污染比较严重．其他元素基本无污染,整个河口区域的生态危害性严重;沉积物粒度分布不是该区域重金属分布的主要影响因素,城市污水排放量增加、氧化还原层位、沉降方式和不同沉积区的水动力环境是影响本区域重金属元素分布和累积的主要原因。     

内江市双桥乡土壤重金属含量及风险评价

以四川省内江市双桥乡为研究区域,调查分析各类土壤中重金属（Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As、Hg、Ni）含量情况。采用单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数和富集因子评价方法,对土壤重金属污染状况进行评价。研究结果表明,该地区Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn元素平均含量高于成都经济区、四川省、中国土壤背景值,有一定程度的Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn富集,Hg元素有个别样点含量偏高,并且单因子重金属的污染程度依次为：Cd〉Ni〉Zn〉Cu〉Cr〉Pb〉As〉Hg,Cd在绝大部份区域存在轻微污染,由内梅罗污染指数和富集因子评价得出区域综合污染程度为轻度。     

厦门西港沉积环境变化及重金属的污染累积

通过测定柱状沉积物中的重金属、有机碳和硫化物含量, 结合沉积物粒度分析及现代沉积速率, 重现了厦门西港近70a的沉积环境变化及重金属的污染历史, 探讨了沉积环境对重金属累积过程的影响.结果表明, 厦门西港污染指示元素为Cu, Zn, Pb, As, 富集程度依次为As > Cu > Zn > Pb, 元素Cr, Cd和Hg在研究海域内没有富集现象.综观70a来, 厦门西港沉积物组成变化较大, 沉积环境变化明显, 重金属含量的垂向变化特征与当时的水动力、沉积环境变化紧密相关.研究表明, 沉积物来源越稳定, 沉积物粒径越小, 分选性越好, 则沉积物中重金属含量越高; 同时, 各层位的绝大部分重金属与有机碳和硫化物呈显著正相关关系.      

承德中部土壤-黄芩系统重金属生物有效性及迁移累积特征

土壤重金属含量是影响黄芩产量和质量的重要因素。选取承德市中部金沟屯和五道岭两处黄芩种植示范区为研究区,采集表层土壤样品355件,黄芩样品30件,重金属形态样品15件。在分析土壤Mn、Zn、Cu、Cr、Cd、As、Pb、Ni、Hg、V、Co、Sb和土壤有机质含量（SOM）及pH值,黄芩Zn、Cu、Cr、Co、Cd、Pb、Ni、Hg和As含量基础上,采用描述性统计、地累积指数、主成分和RDA分析、重金属生物富集系数、生物活性系数和迁移系数等方法论述了土壤-黄芩系统重金属生物有效性及迁移累积特征。结果表明:金沟屯和五道岭区土壤各重金属累积程度总体属无-中度累积水平。五道岭Cu和Hg累积程度高于金沟屯区,其它元素累积程度低于金沟屯区。五道岭区表层土壤Cr、Cu和Cd含量超标率分别为2.82%、1.69%和1.13%;金沟屯区土壤Cd、Cr和Ni,五道岭区土壤Zn和Hg含量超标率均为0.56%。五道岭区黄芩Cu元素含量高于金沟屯区,Co和Cu元素生物富集强度高于金沟屯区,其它元素含量和生物富集强度则均低于金沟屯区。土壤Cd和Hg元素生物活性系数相对最高,Ni、Zn和Pb元素次之,Cu、Cr和As生物活性系数相对较低。金沟屯区根系土具有较低的pH值和较高的SOM含量,区内黄芩根部As、Cd、Cr、Ni、Zn和Pb元素BCF平均值高于五道岭区,Cu元素富集强度低于五道岭区。土壤重金属生物有效性和黄芩重金属生物富集强度受土壤pH和SOM含量影响,其中Cd和Cu元素受SOM含量影响最为明显。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861