健脾益气方调控间隙连接蛋白43防治PD大鼠腹膜损伤的作用机制研究

目的：研究健脾益气方通过调控间隙连接蛋白（Cx）43干预腹膜透析大鼠腹膜间皮细胞转分化的作用机制。方法：将75只大鼠随机分为5组,即空白组、模型组、中药高剂量组、中药低剂量组、西药组,除空白组大鼠外,其余各组均采用5/6肾切除联合腹腔注射4.25％腹透液复制慢性肾衰竭腹膜纤维化大鼠模型。造模成功后,中药高、低剂量组给予健脾益气方,西药组给予阿托伐他汀钙,模型组给予0.9%氯化钠注射液,空白组不做任何处理。每天灌胃1次,连续4周。干预后光镜观察各组大鼠腹膜结构变化,测量腹膜致密层厚度;免疫组化法及蛋白质印迹法检测Cx43、蛋白激酶B/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（AKt/mTOR）通路和腹膜间皮细胞转分化（EMT）标志蛋白表达。结果：各组大鼠腹膜厚度及Cx43、pAKt、pmTOR、α平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）、E-钙黏附蛋白（E-cadherin）阳性面积比,空白组与模型组比较,中药高、低剂量组及西药组与模型组比较,中药高剂量组与西药组、中药低剂量组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。各组大鼠腹膜组织Cx43、pAKt、pmTOR、α-SMA、E-cadherin蛋白表达,空白组与模型组比较,中药高剂量组与西药组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：健脾益气方可能通过调控Cx43表达,干预Akt/mTOR信号通路介导的腹膜间皮细胞EMT进程,从而发挥保护腹膜间皮细胞、防治腹膜损伤的作用。     

中药膏摩干预维持性腹膜透析合并便秘28 例

目的：观察中药膏摩干预维持性腹膜透析（MPD）合并便秘患者的干预效果。方法：选取56 例MPD合并便秘患者,将其随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各28 例。对照组在腹膜透析与便秘护理常规的基础上,加徒手腹部按摩传统便秘护理;观察组在对照组基础上加中药膏摩疗法,2组均连续干预4周。观察2组每周完全自发排便次数(SCBM)、便秘主要症状、便秘生活质量量表（PAC-QOL）评分及护理满意度,并评价临床疗效。结果：总有效率观察组为89.29%（25/28）,对照组为71.43%（20/28）,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。观察组在SCBM、便秘主要症状、PAC-QOL评分及护理满意度方面均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：中药膏摩疗法能够有效改善MPD合并便秘患者的临床症状,且具有安全性,能提高护理满意度,值得临床推广。     

张菁运用《傅青主女科》脏腑辨证理论

介绍杨洪涛教授运用中药汤剂联合中医外治法治疗腹膜透析合并难治性高血压的经验。杨教授认为腹膜透析患者合并难治性高血压的病机为本虚标实,本虚多为脾肾阳气虚损、肝肾阴液不足;标实多为阴不制阳、肝阳上亢,脾失转输、湿浊内蕴,久病入络、痰瘀交阻。临证采用内外同治之法,在西医常规治疗的基础上予中药汤剂辨证论治,随症加减,改善临床症状。同时配合针刺、耳穴压豆、中药足浴等外治法活血息风。诸法配合,达调补脾肾、祛邪降浊、调理气血之功,使血压下降,临床疗效颇佳。     

百令胶囊联合阿托伐他汀治疗终末期肾病合并颈动脉硬化51 例

目的：探讨百令胶囊联合阿托伐他汀治疗终末期肾病合并颈动脉硬化的临床疗效。方法：选取终末期肾病合并颈动脉硬化患者102 例,采取随机数字表法将其分为治疗组和对照组,每组各51 例。2组均予西医基础治疗（含持续非卧床腹膜透析治疗）,对照组在基础治疗上加阿托伐他汀钙片治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上再加百令胶囊治疗,2组疗程均为2个月。对比2组中医证候疗效、中医证候积分、钙磷代谢水平［全段甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）、血钙、血磷］、血脂水平［总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）］、肾功能水平（血肌酐、血尿素氮、内生肌酐清除率）、血清成纤维细胞生长因子23（FGF23）、klotho蛋白指标及颈动脉超声指标（颈动脉内膜中层厚度、斑块面积）。结果：总有效率治疗组为86.27%（44/51）,对照组为76.47%（39/51）,组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗后2组中医证候积分、iPTH、血钙、血磷、TC、TG、LDL-C、FGF23、血肌酐、血尿素氮水平均较治疗前降低,颈动脉内膜中层厚度、斑块面积均较治疗前减小,HDL-C、klotho蛋白指标、内生肌酐清除率水平均较治疗前升高,且治疗组改善幅度较对照组更大（P<0.05）。结论：百令胶囊联合阿托伐他汀可改善终末期肾病患者临床症状,提高患者肾功能,减小颈动脉内膜厚度以及斑块面积,降低血清FGF23水平,提高klotho蛋白的表达,临床疗效颇佳。     

Assimilating satellite SST/SSH and in-situ T/S profiles with the Localized Weighted Ensemble Kalman Filter

The Localized Weighted Ensemble Kalman Filter(LWEnKF) is a new nonlinear/non-Gaussian data assimilation(DA) method that can effectively alleviate the filter degradation problem faced by particle filtering, and it has great prospects for applications in geophysical models. In terms of operational applications, along-track sea surface height(AT-SSH), swath sea surface temperature(S-SST) and in-situ temperature and salinity(T/S) profiles are assimilated using the LWEnKF in the northern South China ...     

Bias correction of sea surface temperature retrospective fore-casts in the South China Sea

Offline bias correction of numerical marine forecast products is an effective post-processing means to improve forecast accuracy. Two offline bias correction methods for sea surface temperature(SST) forecasts have been developed in this study: a backpropagation neural network(BPNN) algorithm, and a hybrid algorithm of empirical orthogonal function(EOF) analysis and BPNN(named EOF-BPNN). The performances of these two methods are validated using bias correction experiments implemented in the South...     

20世纪夏威夷最大海啸的地质证据

夏威夷历史海啸记录包含远距离和当地产生的海啸,由这些事件引起的人员伤亡和对建筑、环境造成的破坏与损失是惊人的,但是在近来才有一些对历史海啸沉积事件的综合性的研究.夏威夷多岩石的海岸线的演变主要是海啸和风暴的贡献,然而区分风暴和海啸是很难的,特别是相关的小的历史海啸事件.因此夏威夷海啸的研究往往关注于大的古海啸沉积事件.研究表明远距离产生的事件,如1946年阿留申海啸对瓦胡岛岩石岸线的演变具有重要影响.活火山也有助于岩石岸线的形成,且容易引发当地海啸.现代活动的Kilauea火山南侧海域的逐步沉降并没有引起太平洋范围内的破坏性的大海啸,但引发了局部一系列重要的海啸事件,这些事件的周期被估计认为是200年.     

Validation and application of soil moisture active passive sea surface salinity observation over the Changjiang River Estuary

Using sea surface salinity(SSS)observation from the soil moisture active passive(SMAP)mission,we analyzed the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of SSS around Changjiang River(Yangtze River)Estuary for the period of September 2015 to August 2018.First,we found that the SSS from SMAP is more accurate than soil moisture and ocean salinity(SMOS)mission observation when comparing with the in situ observations.Then,the SSS signature of the Changjiang River freshwater was analyzed using SMAP data and the river discharge data from the Datong hydrological station.The results show that the SSS around the Changjiang River Estuary is significantly lower than that of the open ocean,and shows significant seasonal variation.The minimum value of SSS appears in July and maximum SSS in December.The root mean square difference of daily SSS between SMAP observation and in situ observation is around 3 in both summer and winter,which is much lower than the annual range of SSS variation.In summer,the diffusion direction of the Changjiang River freshwater depicted by SSS from SMAP is consistent with the path of freshwater from in situ observation,suggesting that SMAP observation may be used in coastal seas in monitoring the diffusion and advection of freshwater discharge.     

团结奋进再创辉煌——中国海洋卫星事业发展20年回顾

我国是管理海域辽阔,海岸线漫长,资源丰富的海洋大国。大力发展海洋事业,事关国家的长治久安和经济社会的可持续发展。加强对海洋的观测和了解,准确预报海洋灾害,合理开发利用海洋资源,努力保护海洋生态环境,有效维护国家海洋主权与权益,是广大海洋工作者和海洋管理部门的神圣使命和战略任务。国家海洋局从建局以来,就一直积极发展海洋科学技术,着力强化海洋观测系统建设,不断提高对海洋的持久观测能力,为海洋事业实现跨越式发展提供了强有力的支撑。     

海洋湖沼通报征稿启事

一、本刊为海洋与湖沼科学的综合性学术刊物。内容包括:1.海洋与湖沼科学研究的论文、调查及实验报告;2.海洋与湖沼科学的综合评述、重要书刊和论文的评介;3.国内外海洋与湖沼科学的先进经验及学术动态。二、投稿须知1.来稿的图、表及说明要清楚、准确,置于文中相应位置。论文要求文字、语法符合汉语规范,标点使用要恰当。电子稿书写请按宋体5号字、1.5倍行距。文中使用照片的,请寄冲     

国际海岸清洁日 斑海豹协会在行动

2011年9月17日是国际海岸清洁日。由辽宁省盘锦市保护斑海豹志愿者协会发起,盘锦市180多名环保志愿者来到辽河入海口的斑海豹栖息地三道沟和六道沟海岸,捡拾海边不可降解的白色垃圾。这是盘锦市第一次组织和参与国际海岸清洁日活动。这次活动早在8月就在盘锦市保护斑海豹志愿者协会论坛上发帖通知,并在《辽河晚报》发布了征召志愿者的公告。协会会员和广大志愿者积极报名参加,上至70多岁的老人,下至7、8岁的孩童,有的是一家三口自驾车参加活动。17日是个周末,     

科技短消息

腰围增大,大脑萎缩?与相对较瘦的老年人相比,肥胖老年人的大脑认知区域较小,这使得他们的大脑年龄至少比实际年龄老了16岁。从前有研究表明,中年肥胖会增大日后患老年痴呆的风险,而老年痴呆通常伴随着大脑萎缩。美国加州大学的科学家们选择了94     

Analysis of cultivable aerobic bacterial community composition and screening for facultative sulfate-reducing bacteria in marine corrosive steel

Anaerobic, aerobic, and facultative bacteria are all present in corrosive environments. However, as previous studies to address corrosion in the marine environment have largely focused on anaerobic bacteria, limited attention has been paid to the composition and function of aerobic and facultative bacteria in this process. For analysis in this study, ten samples were collected from rust layers on steel plates that had been immersed in seawater for diff erent periods (i.e., six months and eight years) at Sanya and Xiamen, China. The cultivable aerobic bacterial community structure as well as the number of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were analyzed in both cases, while the proportion of facultative SRB among the isolated aerobic bacteria in each sample was also evaluated using a novel approach. Bacterial abundance results show that the proportions are related to sea location and immersion time;abundances of culturable aerobic bacteria (CAB) and SRB from Sanya were greater in most corrosion samples than those from Xiamen, and abundances of both bacterial groups were greater in samples immersed for six months than for eight years. A total of 213 isolates were obtained from all samples in terms of CAB community composition, and a phylogenetic analysis revealed that the taxa comprised four phyla and 31 genera. Bacterial species composition is related to marine location;the results show that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla, accounting for 98.13% of the total, while Bacillus and Vibrio were the dominant genera, accounting for 53.06% of the total. An additional sixfacultative SRB strains were also screened from the isolates obtained and were found to encompass the genus Vibrio (four strains), Staphylococcus (one strain), and Photobacterium (one strain). It is noteworthy that mentions of Photobacterium species have so far been absent from the literature, both in terms of its membership of the SRB group and its relationship to corrosion.     

绿色撒哈拉

占非洲面积将近三分之一的撒哈拉沙漠一度是热带稀树大草原,野生动植物种类丰富,充满鱼类的湖泊星罗棋布,而且有许多古人类生活在那里。“在约5 550~10 500年以前,撒哈拉是理想的生存地带,”斯特凡·克洛普林这样说过。克洛普林是德国科隆大学的地质考古学家,在过去的30年里,他     

Effects of organic carbon consumption on denitrifier community composition and diversity along dissolved oxygen vertical profiles in lake sediment surface

At present,the understanding of the dynamics of denitrifiers at different dissolved oxygen(DO)layers under organic carbon consumption within the surface sediments remains inadequate.In this study,high-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR targeting nirS gene were used to analyze the denitrifier abundance dynamics,community composition,and structure for aerobic(DO 0.5-6.9 mg/L),hypoxic-anoxic(DO 0-0.5 mg/L),and anoxic(DO 0 mg/L)layers in surface sediments under organic carbon consumption.Based on the analysis of nirS gene abundance,the values of denitrifying bacteria decreased with organic carbon consumption at different DO layers.When the bacterial species abundance at the genus level were compared between the high-carbon and low-carbon sediments,there was significant increase in 6 out of 36,7 out of 36 and 6 out of 36 genera respectively for the aerobic,hypoxic-anoxic and anoxic layers.On the other hand,14 out of 36,9 out of 36 and 15 out of 36 genera showed significant decrease in bacterial species abundance respectively for the aerobic,hypoxic-anoxic and anoxic layers.Additionally,14 out of 36,20 out of 36,and 15 out of 36 genera had no change in bacterial species abundance respectively for the aerobic,hypoxic-anoxic,and anoxic layers.This indicates that the carbon utilization ability of different denitrifiers on each DO layers was generally different from each other.Diversity of denitrifying bacteria also presented significant differences in different DO layers between the high-and low-carbon content sediment layers.Moreover,under the high-carbon and low-carbon content,the abundance of nirS gene showed a high peak within the hypoxic-anoxic regions,suggesting that this region might be the main distribution area for the denitrifying bacteria within the surface sediments.Furthermore,community of unique denitrifiers occurred in different DO layers and the adaptive changes of the denitrifier community followed the organic carbon consumption.     

Estimating trends of the Mediterranean Sea level changes from tide gauge and satellite altimetry data (1993-2015)

The impact of climate change on sea level has received a great deal of attention by scientists worldwide. In this context, the problem of sea levels on global and regional scales have been analyzed in a number of studies based on tide gauges observations and satellite altimetry measurements. This study focuses on trend estimates from 18 high-quality tide gauge stations along the Mediterranean Sea coast. The seasonal Mann-Kendall test was run at a 5% significance level for each of the 18 stations for the period of 1993-2015 (satellite altimetry era). The results of this test indicate that the trends for 17 stations were statistically significant and showed an increase (no significant trend was observed only at one station). The rates of sea level change for the 17 stations that exhibit significant trends, estimated using seasonal Sen's approach, range after correction for Vertical Land Motion (VLM) from 1.48 to 8.72 mm/a for the period 1993-2015. Furthermore, the magnitude of change at the location of each tide gauge station was estimated using the satellite altimetry measurements. Thus, the results obtained agree with those from the tide-gauge data analysis.     

活动边缘带沉积盆地的地质模式

具有最长活动边缘带的海盆分布于太平洋周边。属于这种类型的海盆有:与印度洋东北部巽他岛弧、大西洋西部和西南部安的列斯和桑威奇岛弧以及西北部的马尔卡边缘有联系的海盆;地中海带西端(第勒尼尔,阿尔伏郎)和与古老岛弧共轭的黑海—里海地域的海盆。总的来说此类海盆占据不大的面积(将近300万km2),其中陆架上为200万km2和胡安德富卡海洋板块与阿拉斯加湾的数拾万平方千米。沉积盖层的总体积为600万km3,即将近3%的整个层状岩石圈。这些数值证明了这一组海盆在地球潜在的含油气性平衡表上只占有不大的份额。按深部构造和地质动力学环境特点,…     

世界洋底金属成矿作用的地质-地球物理分区

当前,在世界洋底已发现的主要和分布最广的固体矿产有铁锰结核、钴锰结壳、相当于黄铁矿型矿石的深海多金属硫化物、磷钙土、金属矿与金刚石砂矿。俄罗斯“南方海洋地质”和“北方海洋地质”联合在安哥拉—巴西和马斯克林群岛—澳大利亚完成了宽带状定期横穿海洋的地质—地球物理研究工作。位于8°—20°S之间的大西洋和印度洋近赤道海区的海洋地质工作总面积超过1000万km2。当前这个地区是世界海洋研究程度最高的地区之一。它包含了不同成因的地质构造和海洋岩石圈所有的地质时代区间。在这个地区所获得的资料是研究世界海洋岩石圈主要的…     

西北太平洋Argo剖面浮标观测及其应用研究

国际Argo计划的实施,就好象是在全球广阔的深海大洋中设置了3000多个"气球探空观测站",从而形成立体的全球大洋长期观测系统,为研究海洋提供前所未有的深广视角,使人类企图深入了解和掌握大尺度实时海洋的变化,提高天气和海洋预报的精度,有效防御全球日益严重的天气和海洋灾害的愿望终将成为现实。