Box-Behnken设计-效应面法优选百合防褐变加工工艺研究

目的：优选百合防褐变的加工工艺。方法：在单因素试验基础上,以王百合苷B含量、褐变度、浸出物为评价指标,采用Box-Behnken设计效应面法考察烫片时间、干燥温度、干燥时间对其质量的影响,优选百合的防褐变加工工艺参数。结果:百合防褐变加工工艺为烫片时间3.5 min,干燥温度90℃,干燥时间3.0 h。结论：优选的百合防褐变加工工艺合理可行,可适用于工业生产。     

野生石菖蒲药材多指标综合质量评价研究

目的：收集18批次野生石菖蒲药材,建立多指标综合质量评价方法,比较不同产地石菖蒲药材质量的差异。方法：分别采用HPLC法、醇溶性浸出物测定法、挥发油测定法测定石菖蒲药材中β-细辛醚、浸出物及挥发油含量。对实验数据进行独立样本t检验,并建立综合质量评价函数。结果：独立样本t检验结果显示,不同产地野生石菖蒲药材之间质量差异较大,综合质量评价函数结果显示,江西宜春产石菖蒲药材F值最高,浙江淳安次之,四川达州和湖北宜昌最低,说明江西宜春产石菖蒲药材质量相对最佳。结论：本研究所建立的综合质量评价法具有整体性、客观性和直观性,可对不同产地野生石菖蒲药材质量进行综合评价。     

黄精“产地加工-炮制一体化”的药材及饮片质量研究

目的：研究“产地加工-炮制一体化”黄精药材及饮片的质量,探讨其工艺是否符合质量要求。方法：按最新版《中国药典》的规定对“产地加工-炮制一体化”的黄精药材及饮片进行质量评定,对其外观性状、鉴别、检查、浸出物及含量测定进行研究。结果：各批次黄精药材及饮片的质量符合《中国药典》的规定。结论：“产地加工-炮制一体化”能大大缩短工艺流程,减少生产成本,其生产出的黄精药材及饮片质量合格,能满足临床用药的需求。     

化瘀骨合片提取工艺的优化研究

目的：优化化瘀骨合片的提取工艺条件。方法：以牡荆苷含量、芍药苷含量和固形物质量为评价指标,在单因素试验的基础上设计正交试验,考察料液比、提取时间、提取次数对提取工艺的影响,优化提取工艺条件。结果：最佳工艺条件为全方药材加水提取3次,每次加12倍量水提取2h,该条件下牡荆苷的提取率为89.81%,芍药苷的提取率为86.08%。结论：优选的提取工艺稳定,指标成分的提取率高,工艺合理可行。     

桑枝酒蒸工艺的研究

目的：通过正交试验设计,优选出桑枝酒蒸的最佳炮制工艺。方法：选择黄酒量、蒸制时间、烘烤温度为考察因素,以桑皮苷A和氧化白藜芦醇的含量和95%乙醇浸出物为考察指标,选用L₉（3）正交表进行实验,优选桑枝的最佳酒蒸炮制工艺。结果：桑枝的最佳酒蒸工艺参数为加药材20%的黄酒,蒸制5 h,在50 ℃下烘烤2 h。结论：本研究优选的桑枝酒蒸工艺合理可行,为酒桑枝饮片质量标准的研究提供了实验依据。     

玄参主要环烯醚萜苷热稳定性研究

目的：研究玄参中各主要环烯醚萜苷在干燥过程和水浴加热过程中的稳定性。方法：将4等份玄参叶分别采用室温（20℃）干燥20d及40℃、60℃、80℃直接烘干,5等份玄参根冷浸液不同水浴温度（40℃、60℃、70℃、80℃、90℃）加热1h,HPLC法测定玄参中主要环烯醚萜苷桃叶珊瑚苷、哈帕苷、哈帕俄苷含量。结果：不同烘干温度下测得玄参叶中各环烯醚萜苷含量,以室温及40℃最低,60℃最高,但与80℃差异不明显;玄参根冷浸液不同水浴温度加热1h后,4种成分含量变化不显著。结论：玄参鲜药材干燥温度对其主要环烯醚萜苷含量影响很大,但提取过程中的温度对其影响不大。     

基于HPLC特征图谱及主要成分含量测定等方法对不同产地甘草进行质量评价

目的：对不同产地的甘草进行全面质量研究,建立甘草药材的高效液相指纹图谱质量控制方法。方法：对30批来自新疆、内蒙古、甘肃及宁夏4个地区的甘草进行显微及薄层鉴别,并进行水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分及甘草苷、甘草酸含量测定,建立高效液相色谱指纹图谱的方法对其中21批质量合格的甘草进行质量评价。结果：30批不同产地的甘草药材鉴别及检查结果均合格,甘草酸含量均符合《中华人民共和国药典·一部》规定,有7批药材甘草苷含量不合格。指纹图谱共标定了14个共有峰,对其中3个共有峰进行了指认,21批甘草中仅4批相似度低于0.85。结论：不同产地甘草中甘草苷、甘草酸含量差异较大,宁夏及内蒙古产地甘草有效成分平均含量优于新疆与甘肃产甘草。本研究建立的甘草药材的高效液相指纹图谱质量控制方法能对不同产地甘草进行全面整体的质量评价。     

紫外-可见分光光度法测定多花黄精多糖含量

目的：测定湖南洪江国家黄精标准化基地多花黄精中的多糖含量,为多花黄精的进一步开发利用及药材质量标准研究奠定基础。方法：以葡萄糖为标准品,采用硫酸-蒽酮试剂显色,应用紫外-可见分光光度法测定多花黄精多糖含量。结果：葡萄糖在3.28～19.68μg/mL范围内线性良好（r=0.9992）,多花黄精多糖平均含量为8.05%。结论：洪江种植基地的多花黄精品质优良,洪江是道地黄精药材种植理想基地。     

百合鸡子汤对抑郁症大鼠垂体代谢物谱的影响研究

目的：运用核磁共振代谢组学技术分析慢性不可预知温和刺激（CUMS）抑郁模型大鼠垂体组织中小分子化合物的代谢变化,探讨百合鸡子汤可能影响的相关代谢途径。方法：采用CUMS建立抑郁模型,取大鼠垂体组织进行核磁共振检测,采用代谢组学多元统计分析方法对相关差异代谢物进行可视化分析,并通过差异代谢物的含量变化来确定百合鸡子汤可能影响的代谢途径。结果：主成分分析表明组间差异明显,结合多元统计分析,筛选出乳酸、谷氨酰胺、胆碱等8种差异代谢物。相较于正常组,乳酸、丙氨酸、谷氨酸等代谢物的含量在模型组垂体中呈下降趋势（P<0.05或P<0.01）;相较于模型组,乳酸、丙氨酸、谷氨酸等代谢物的含量在百合鸡子汤中剂量组垂体中呈上升趋势（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论：抑郁能够显著改变大鼠垂体组织的代谢物谱,百合鸡子汤可能通过丙氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸代谢,D-谷氨酸、D-谷氨酰胺代谢,精氨酸合成,牛磺酸、亚牛磺酸代谢等途径发挥抗抑郁作用。     

湖南省中药饮片木姜叶柯叶的质量标准研究

目的：研究并建立湖南省中药饮片木姜叶柯叶Lithocarpus litseifolius (Hance) Chun的质量标准。方法：对18批木姜叶柯叶饮片进行显微鉴别、薄层色谱鉴别、总灰分、水分、浸出物等检测;采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法同时测定木姜叶柯叶中的根皮苷、三叶苷含量。结果：明确了木姜叶柯叶的显微特征和薄层色谱特征,木姜叶柯叶的水分限度≤9%,总灰分限度≤45%,浸出物限度≥25%,建立了通过HPLC测定木姜叶柯叶中根皮苷、三叶苷2种成分含量的方法。结论：该研究为木姜叶柯叶饮片的质量标准提供了科学依据。     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

Variability of the nutrient runoff of the rivers of the Arctic Basin

The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.     

Modelling of the ecosystem on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea

Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

Evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea

The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates.