健脾解毒活血汤对幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎脾胃湿热证模型小鼠IL-1β、GAS的影响

目的：观察健脾解毒活血汤对幽门螺旋杆菌相关性胃炎（HAG）脾胃湿热证模型小鼠血清白介素-1β（IL-1β）、胃泌素（GAS）及胃内组织Hp感染数的影响,为研制新型抗Hp感染的中药提供实验依据。方法：选取40只SPF级昆明小鼠为实验对象,将其随机分为空白组、模型组、西药组和中药组,每组各10只。采用Hp菌液灌胃以建立HAG脾胃湿热证小鼠模型,西药组予以奥美拉唑钠肠溶胶囊灌胃,中药组予以健脾解毒活血汤灌胃,均连续给药14d。观察比较各组小鼠血清IL-1β、GAS与胃内组织Hp感染情况。结果：模型组小鼠血清IL-1β、GAS的含量较空白组明显升高（P<0.01,P<0.05）;与模型组比较,中药组和西药组血清IL-1β显著降低（P<0.05,P<0.01）,GAS水平2组无明显差异。模型组小鼠胃组织Hp感染数较空白组明显增加（P<0.01）,中药组和西药组胃组织Hp感染数较模型组显著降低（P<0.05）。结论：健脾解毒活血汤对HAG脾胃湿热证模型小鼠血清IL-1β及Hp感染数有明显改善作用,但对GAS影响不大,在一定程度上可有效治疗脾胃湿热型HAG。     

肝郁型哮喘小鼠模型MAL、CADM1、IL-6、IL-8、IL-33、TSLP、STAT3表达的实验研究

目的：观察肝郁型哮喘小鼠模型中T细胞成熟相关蛋白（MAL）、细胞黏附分子1（CADM-1）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）、白细胞介素-33（IL-33）、胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素（TSLP）、信号传导与转录激活因子（STAT3）的表达。方法：将Balb/c小鼠18只随机分为对照组（A组）、哮喘组（B组）、肝郁型哮喘组（C组）,每组各6只。按照慢性不可预知性温和刺激（CUMS）联合氢氧化铝及卵清蛋白（OVA）混合液腹腔注射致敏,OVA雾化激发的方式建立肝郁型哮喘小鼠模型与哮喘小鼠模型。观察造模前后各组小鼠体质量及糖水消耗量、强迫游泳不动时间等指标,以及肺组织病理改变情况。检测肺组织中MAL、CADM-1、IL-6、IL-8、IL-33、TSLP、STAT3蛋白及mRNA的表达。结果：A、C组体质量造模后第7、14、21、28天同时间节点组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。C组糖水消耗量造模前后比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。A、C组小鼠强迫游泳不动时间造模后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。肺组织病理学结果显示,A组无炎症细胞浸润,B、C组有炎症细胞浸润。B、C组MAL、CADM-1、IL-6、IL-8、IL-33、TSLP的蛋白表达与A组比较,C组IL-6、IL-33的蛋白表达与B组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）。B、C组MAL、CADM-1、IL-6、IL-8、IL-33、TSLP的mRNA蛋白表达与A组比较,C组MAL、CADM1、IL-6、IL-8、TSLP的mRNA蛋白表达与B组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论：本研究建立的肝郁型哮喘小鼠模型符合中医证候特点和哮喘病理特点,是较理想的肝郁型哮喘模型。肝郁型哮喘小鼠模型中MAL、CADM1表达下调,IL-6、IL-8、IL-33、TSLP表达上调。     

朝天罐总酚的小鼠急性毒性实验研究

目的：通过小鼠急性毒性实验,评价朝天罐总酚的安全性。方法：将20只小鼠（雌雄各半）随机分为给药组和对照组,每组各10只。给药组给予最大浓度（103.68 mg/ml）的朝天罐总酚混悬液灌胃,24 h内连续给药2次,每次0.4 ml/10 g;对照组灌胃等容量的0.9%氯化钠注射液。观察小鼠给药后的一般毒性症状、死亡情况及体质量,14d后观察脏器情况并计算小鼠脏器系数和最大给药剂量。结果：给药后2组小鼠均未出现中毒反应和死亡情况,脏器亦无明显异常。雌雄给药组体质量和脏器系数与对照组两两比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。小鼠最大给药量为8.29 g/kg,相当于人用剂量的513倍。结论：朝天罐总酚对小鼠无明显毒性作用,安全性较高,为其进一步开发应用提供了实验依据。     

抗癌消水散对人胃癌小鼠腹腔移植阳虚模型的干预作用

目的：研究抗癌消水散对人胃癌小鼠腹腔移植阳虚模型的影响。方法：采用腹腔注射人胃癌细胞MGC803及冰水建立人胃癌小鼠腹腔移植阳虚模型，将造模成功的50只小鼠分为模型组及抗癌消水散低、中、高剂量组，每组各10只，另取10只正常小鼠为对照组。干预30 d后评价阳虚症状积分，测定血清中促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）、皮质醇（CORT）、三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T₃）、甲状腺素（T₄）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）含量及B7-1、B7-2、CD28、胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原-4（CTLA-4）含量，检测腹膜组织中B7-1（CD80）、B7-2（CD86）、CD28 mRNA、CTLA-4 mRNA及转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）含量，观察腹水量、瘤体积、瘤重。结果：与正常组比较，模型组阳虚症状积分显著增加，血清ACTH、CORT、T₃、T₄、TSH水平显著降低，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。抗癌消水散低、中、高剂量组小鼠腹水量、瘤体积、瘤重，血清中B7-1、B7-2、CD28、CTLA-4含量，腹膜组织中B7-1、B7-2、CD28 mRNA、CTLA-4 mRNA及TGF-β1、IL-10含量与模型组比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；上述指标低、中、高剂量组组间比较，差异亦有统计学意义（P<0.05），以高剂量组改善为最佳。结论：抗癌消水散具有抗人胃癌小鼠移植阳虚模型瘤恶性腹水的作用，这可能与抑制CTLA-4表达，促进T细胞激活，改善机体免疫抑制及腹腔免疫微环境有关。     

糜烂性胃炎中年人群中医健康状态与幽门螺杆菌感染及胃镜下表现的相关性研究

目的:探讨糜烂性胃炎（CEG）中年人群不同中医健康状态、幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染情况及胃镜下不同表现之间的关系。方法:选取78 例CEG患者,对患者的一般资料、中医健康状态、Hp感染情况以及胃镜下表现进行采集,将资料进行整理归纳,并进一步统计分析。结果:78 例患者中,已病态的病性要素为痰者有35 例,为湿者有29 例,为气虚者有14 例。不同中医健康状态已病要素间患者糜烂形态比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,发生平坦型糜烂者气虚要素占比最高（100%）,发生隆起型糜烂者痰要素占比最高（25.7%）。不同中医健康状态已病要素间患者在年龄、性别及Hp感染率间比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论:CEG患者不同中医健康状态与胃镜下糜烂形态间存在一定相关性,可为糜烂性胃炎人群的健康状态辨识提供证据,为临床治疗及用药选择提供依据。     

电针对牙周炎小鼠拔牙后牙槽窝骨愈合的影响

目的：观察电针对牙周炎小鼠患牙拔除后牙槽窝骨愈合的影响。方法：将40只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为实验组和对照组。动物造模成功后,实验组予电针干预,选穴双侧四白、足三里、内庭、合谷、曲池,对照组予非经非穴电针干预,均每天1次,持续14 d。观察干预前后2组小鼠血钙、血磷水平和面部微循环血流灌注,采用Micro-CT检测牙槽窝骨愈合情况。结果：2组小鼠干预前后组间及组内血钙、血磷比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;干预后2组小鼠面部微循环血流灌注均较干预前明显增加（P<0.05）,但组间比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。Micro-CT检测结果显示,实验组小鼠牙槽窝骨愈合较对照组为佳。结论：电针刺激双侧四白、足三里、内庭、合谷、曲池对牙周炎小鼠拔牙后牙槽窝创骨愈合有促进作用。     

银杏叶提取物对雌性小鼠刻板、焦虑及记忆行为的影响

目的：探讨银杏叶提取物（GBE）对老龄雌性小鼠刻板、焦虑及记忆行为能力的影响。方法：选取7月龄的C57BL/6J雌性小鼠13只,将其随机分为实验组与对照组,实验组以银杏叶提取物灌胃,对照组以蒸馏水灌胃,2组均干预10d。给药期间每天测量体质量,给药结束后进行自我梳理、明暗箱和旷场电刺激等行为学测试。结果：与对照组相比,实验组小鼠体质量无显著变化,自我梳理次数显著降低,焦虑行为无显著变化,电击后静止时间显著延长。结论：GBE可降低老龄雌性小鼠的刻板行为,且对其学习记忆有一定改善作用,提示银杏叶有效成分对神经精神疾病可能有一定的治疗作用。     

乌鳢乌鸡本草汤对实验小鼠伤口愈合的影响

目的：研究乌鳢乌鸡本草汤对实验小鼠创伤皮肤的影响。方法：将30只实验小鼠建立全层皮肤切除伤口模型,随机分为对照组和乌鳢组各15只,分别灌胃蒸馏水和乌鳢乌鸡本草汤,连续11d,观察小鼠伤口愈合的情况,在建模后第0、3、5、7、9、11天测量伤口大小,计算伤口面积,取伤口组织做病理切片。结果：2组建模后第3、5、7、9、11天小鼠未愈合伤口面积比较,乌鳢组均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;HE染色切片结果显示乌鳢组毛细血管和成纤维细胞较对照组明显增生。结论：乌鳢乌鸡本草汤能够促进伤口的愈合。     

天降血栓通丸对ApoE-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化的干预作用及其机制研究

目的：探讨天降血栓通丸对Apo^-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化的干预作用及其机制。方法：将30只动脉粥样硬化建模成功的ApoE^-/-小鼠随机分为模型组、阿托伐他汀组和天降血栓通丸组，每组各10只，分别给予0.9%氯化钠注射液、阿托伐他汀、天降血栓通丸药液灌胃8周。10只C57BL/6小鼠予普通饲料喂养，作为对照组，灌胃0.9%氯化钠注射液。干预结束后，检测血清总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、单核细胞趋化因子-1（MCP-1）、细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）、血管细胞黏附分子-1（VCAM-1）水平，检测主动脉组织c-Jun氨基末端活化蛋白激酶（JNK）、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（p38MAPK）mRNA的表达。结果：与模型组比较，阿托伐他汀组和天降血栓通丸组血清TG、TC、LDL-C、MCP-1、ICAM-1、VCAM-1水平及主动脉组织JNK mRNA、p38MAPK mRNA表达均降低，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；与对照组比较，模型组血清TG、TC、LDL-C、MCP-1、ICAM-1、VCAM-1水平及主动脉组织JNK mRNA、p38MAPK mRNA表达水平均升高，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：天降血栓通丸具有防治动脉粥样硬化的作用，其机制可能与抑制JNK/p38 MAPK信号，下调MCP-1、ICAM-1、VCAM-1表达，减轻炎症反应有关。     

人参醇提物及沉淀对免疫低下小鼠的影响

目的：探讨人参醇提后的沉淀是否对免疫功能仍具有影响。方法：利用环磷酰胺免疫低下小鼠模型,观察人参水提物、醇提物和沉淀对小鼠免疫器官和血清免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、白细胞介素-2（IL-2）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平的影响。结果：空白组、模型组及给药各组小鼠胸腺、脾脏指数差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;与空白组比较,模型组小鼠血清IgG、IL-2、TNF-α水平均显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;与模型组比较,阳性组和人参水提物组小鼠血清IgG、TNF-α水平升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05,P<0.01）,给药各组小鼠血清IL-2水平均较模型组升高,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:人参水提物能提高小鼠血清IgG、IL-2、TNF-α水平,醇提物及沉淀能提高小鼠血清IL-2水平,说明沉淀物对免疫功能也有影响。     

半夏泻心汤合三联疗法对Hp相关性慢性胃炎患者的疗效及血清CagA、VacA的影响

目的：观察半夏泻心汤联合三联疗法对幽门螺杆菌（Hp）相关性胃炎脾胃湿热证患者的疗效及血清细胞毒素相关蛋白A（CagA）和空泡毒素A（VacA）抗体水平的影响。方法：将105 例Hp相关性慢性胃炎脾胃湿热证患者随机分为治疗组、对照1组和对照2组,每组各35例。治疗组予半夏泻心汤合三联疗法治疗,对照1组单用半夏泻心汤治疗,对照2组单用三联疗法治疗。治疗6周后比较各组的综合疗效、治疗前后中医症状（上腹胀满、反酸、口苦、胃脘痛、大便黏腻）积分、Hp根除率及血清CagA、VacA含量。结果：总有效率治疗组为94.29%（33/35）,优于对照1组的88.57%（31/35）与对照2组的85.71%（30/35）,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;治疗组中医症状改善、Hp清除率、血清CagA和VacA水平均优于对照1、2组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论：半夏泻心汤联合三联疗法治疗Hp相关性慢性胃炎脾胃湿热证患者,可有效改善患者症状,其机制与通过降低CagA和VacA含量,从而减轻Hp致病力有关。     

并列双圆柱涡激振动的经验性模型研究

建立一种新的预报并列双圆柱涡激振动响应的经验性模型,根据特定间距比条件下旋涡脱落频率出现分支的现象,提出以两个具有不同固有频率的尾流振子来共同描述结构的近壁尾涡动力特性,同时两个振子均满足van der Pol方程,进而得到结构振子和流体振子的耦合方程组。使用该模型分别对中高质量比和低质量比的并列圆柱涡激振动问题进行数值计算,结果表明,结构的位移响应和最大振动幅值等变化规律与实验结果趋势一致,数值基本吻合。     

Evaluation of drift current parameters using an analytical model

The paper is concerned with the evaluation of the drift current parameters derived through the use of an analytical model. In this model, effective when stratification is stable and indifferent, the vertical turbulence coefficient profile is prescribed by the power function, and hydrodynamic quantities are prescribed using the external parameters of the problem (wind stress, the Coriolis parameter, and the dimensionless stratification parameter). Model data are compared with the observations of the upper mixed layer in the vicinity of the oceanic Station C, conducted during one year. It is shown that, under the spring-summer-time warming conditions, the model at issue is capable of adequately simulating the upper ocean layer dynamics. Translated by Vladimir A. Puchkin.     

Validating and assessing the sensitivity of the climate model with an ocean general circulation model developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Russian Academy of Sciences

A new version of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS), climate model (CM) has been developed using an ocean general circulation model instead of the statistical-dynamical ocean model applied in the previous version. The spatial resolution of the new ocean model is 3° in latitude and 5° in longitude, with 25 unevenly spaced vertical levels. In the previous version of the oceanic model, as in the atmospheric model, the horizontal resolution was 4.5° in latitude and 6° in longitude, with four vertical levels (the upper quasi-homogeneous layer, seasonal thermocline, abyssal ocean, and bottom friction layer). There is no correction for the heat and momentum fluxes between the atmosphere and ocean in the new version of the IAP RAS CM. Numerical experiments with the IAP RAS CM have been performed under current initial and boundary conditions, as well as with an increasing concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. The main simulated atmospheric and oceanic fields agree quite well with observational data. The new version’s equilibrium temperature sensitivity to atmospheric CO₂ doubling was found to be 2.9 K. This value lies in the mid-range of estimates (2–4.5 K) obtained from simulations with state-of-the-art models of different complexities.     

基于最优化相关分析的油菜开花期预报模型研究

为了最大限度地满足政府举办特色农业旅游的需求,以高淳为例,研究分析了高淳油菜农业气象观测数据,发现油菜开花期与t≥3℃的有效积温呈极显著相关关系;进而利用最优化相关分析法,筛选出影响油菜开花期的最佳建模因子,创建了开花期气象中期预测模型以及基于环流和海面温度的开花期长期预测模型,均达到α=0.001显著水平,预报时效可提前10～30 d;经检验,三种模型的历史拟合结果和三年试报效果较好;在此基础上,试用了三种模型的复相关系数作为加权系数进行加权平均,综合集成预报效果更佳。油菜开花期预报将对公众踏青赏花和政府招商引资具有现实的意义,同时预报思路可为其他作物花期预报研究提供借鉴。     

Environmental prognostics: an integrated model supporting lysosomal stress responses as predictive biomarkers of animal health status

The potential prognostic use of lysosomal reactions to environmental pollutants is explored in relation to predicting animal health in marine mussels, based on diagnostic biomarker data. Cellular lysosomes are already known to accumulate many metals and organic xenobiotics and the lysosomal accumulation of the carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) is demonstrated here in the hepatopancreatic digestive cells and ovarian oocytes of the blue mussel. Lysosomal membrane integrity or stability appears to be a generic indicator of cellular well-being in eukaryotes; and in bivalve molluscs it is correlated with total oxygen and nitrogen radical scavenging capacity (TOSC), protein synthesis, scope for growth and larval viability; and inversely correlated with DNA damage (micronuclei), as well as lysosomal swelling (volume density), lipidosis and lipofuscinosis, which are all characteristic of failed or incomplete autophagy. Integration of multiple biomarker data is achieved using multivariate statistics and then mapped onto "health status space" by using lysosomal membrane stability as a measure of cellular well-being. This is viewed as a crucial step towards the derivation of explanatory frameworks for prediction of pollutant impact on animal health; and has facilitated the development of a conceptual mechanistic model linking lysosomal damage and autophagic dysfunction with injury to cells, tissues and the whole animal. This model has also complemented the creation and use of a cell-based bioenergetic computational model of molluscan hepatopancreatic cells that simulates lysosomal and cellular reactions to pollutants. More speculatively, the use of coupled empirical measurements of biomarker reactions and modelling is proposed as a practical approach to the development of an operational toolbox for predicting the health of the environment.     

Constructing an idealized model of the North Atlantic Ocean using slippery sacks

This paper documents the continued development and testing of a new Lagrangian oceanic general circulation model. The slippery sacks ocean model (SSOM), which represents a body of water as a pile of conforming parcels, is improved and is used to simulate circulations in homogeneous oceans and in an idealized model of the North Atlantic Ocean.A method for including horizontal mixing in the SSOM is presented. A given sack’s nearest neighbors are identified in the positive and negative x- and y-directions, and the sack exchanges momentum and/or tracers with these neighbors. This formulation of mixing is straightforward to implement, computationally efficient, and it produces results similar to a standard Eulerian finite-difference representation of diffusion.The model’s ability to reproduce the Stommel and Munk solutions to the classical western boundary current problem is tested. When steps are taken to reduce the potential energy barrier to sacks crossing one another, the model generates circulations that are consistent with linear theory. In moderately non-linear regimes the model produces appropriate departures from linear solutions including a boundary current that continues along the northern boundary for a time.Taking advantage of the new mixing scheme and lessons learned from simulations of homogeneous oceans, the authors construct an idealized model of the North Atlantic Ocean. They compare simulations conducted with the SSOM to similar simulations conducted with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm). The SSOM and the MITgcm produce similar wind-forced gyres, thermocline structure, and meridional overturning. The SSOM is also used to explore how circulations change in the limit when tracer diffusion goes to zero.     

The estimation of the shape of an array using a hidden Markov model

A hidden Markov model (HMM) technique for the estimation of the shape of a towed array is presented. It is assumed that there is a far-field source radiating sound containing possibly weak spectral lines. The technique uses either the Fourier coefficients at a given frequency computed from a single time block or the maximal eigenvector of a sample spectral covariance matrix. The technique is illustrated using several simulations. The results of these simulations indicate that the HMM technique yields shape and bearing estimates more accurate than those provided by a maximum-likelihood array shape estimation technique     

Analysis of single and tandem cylinder data using an orthogonal Volterra model approach

The development of a definitive predictive model that accurately accounts for the nonlinear hydrodynamics and structural response behavior observed in arrays of closely spaced risers on deep water structures will require a more detailed understanding of this fluid–structure interaction. Through the analysis and interpretation of data from model basin tests on single and paired tandem cylinder configurations this study is directed at uncovering the nature of some aspects of this nonlinear response behavior using an orthogonal third-order Volterra technique that can delineate between linear, quadratic and cubic nonlinear frequency dependent behavior. As part of the analysis procedure the data was organized in input–output pairs that would provide logical groupings of the measured quantities. The data pairs presented in this study include wave excitation and inline cylinder displacement, wave excitation and transverse cylinder displacement, wave excitation and inline reaction force, and, upstream cylinder and downstream cylinder response. This information is presented in terms of spectral and coherence plots. The single cylinder data is presented as a means to contrast the behavior of the tandem cylinders. Both configurations were analyzed at two different pretensions adding another dimension to this investigation. It is shown that although a primary variable such as displacement may be more easily measured, pretension and force measurements provide an important key to our understanding of this difficult problem.