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国内外铁矿石价格对标基准多采用离岸价或到岸价,而非盈亏平衡运营成本,难以揭示我国铁矿石所面对的真实市场承压价格。为了厘清国际一线生产商的铁矿石盈亏平衡运营成本价格,本文对世界上最重要的条带状铁建造(BIF)矿产地——西澳哈默斯利盆地高品位赤铁矿矿床的矿化特征及代表性铁矿石产品展开系统研究,同时引入巴西铁四角地区的铁英岩型赤铁矿矿石作为对照,分析全球典型高品位赤铁矿矿石经济指标。结合前人研究成果,将西澳哈默斯利盆地与BIF相关的高品位赤铁矿的富集矿化类型划分为假象赤铁矿-针铁矿、微板状赤铁矿与河道沉积型赤铁矿,巴西铁四角主要为铁英岩型赤铁矿。上述各矿化类型对应的铁矿石产品的铁元素含量均高于56%;在杂质元素含量上,假象赤铁矿-针铁矿的磷含量高,微板状赤铁矿的磷、硫含量较高,河道沉积型赤铁矿的磷、硫含量较低,铁英岩型赤铁矿含锰。经定量估算,西澳力拓、必和必拓、FMG和巴西淡水河谷的铁矿石盈亏平衡运营成本价格分别为34.66、36.76、47.35、38.07美元/干吨,可为中国海外权益铁矿项目开发提供运营成本的参考。 相似文献
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铁矿床的工业类型很多,但最重要、储量最大的,则是前寒武纪沉积变质铁矿.据报道,该类型铁矿占国外铁矿石总储量的60%以上,其中相当大的一部分是富铁矿.国外对沉积变质型的富铁矿一直都很重视,近年来在找矿和开发方面进展较大.例如,目前世界上已知最大的苏联库尔斯克铁矿区,总面积12万平方公里,断续延长600多公里,已探明的铁矿石储量426亿吨(铁品位32~62%),其中富铁矿(铁品位54~62%)储量261亿吨,占全苏富铁矿储量的70%以上.克里沃罗格是苏联的另一个重要铁矿区,面积300平方公里,绵延长达100多公里,平衡表内铁矿石储量200亿吨,其中富铁矿约20亿吨.其他如美国的上湖地区,印度的比哈尔-奥里萨邦铁矿带,巴西的米纳斯-日赖斯,加拿大的拉布拉多地槽和巴芬 相似文献
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西非是世界上铁矿资源最为丰富的地区之一,铁矿石总资源量可达649.5亿吨,占全球8%,主要分布于马恩地盾和雷圭巴特地盾,以几内亚、塞拉利昂、利比里亚和毛里塔尼亚四国最为丰富,成因类型以BIF型为主.公开资料显示,目前有43家公司投资开发73个西非铁矿项目,其中中国庆华集团、宝武集团、赢联盟集团、中国铝业和中投资本公司等五家中资企业拥有权益资源量达217.5亿吨,形成与西非本土8国和西方7国公司三足鼎立的局势.基于标普数据库和各公司最新年报统计,发现近10年西非铁矿石年均产量为0.2亿吨,世界占比不足0.1%.目前大部分矿山处于暂停开发或暂时搁置状态,仅有21个铁矿山处于活跃状态.其中,中资企业控制的五个项目中也只有唐克里里铁矿处于开发状态.基于西非地质和航磁资料,利用证据权模型,预测在90%、50%和10%置信水平下,西非地区未发现铁矿床数量分别为63个、92个和324个,铁矿石预测资源量分别为264.6亿吨、386.4亿吨和1360.8亿吨. 相似文献
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应用电子探针研究蒙其古尔铀矿床含矿砂岩岩石学特征及铀矿物分布规律 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
国内外铁矿石价格对标基准多采用离岸价或到岸价,而非盈亏平衡运营成本,难以揭示我国铁矿石所面对的真实市场承压价格。为了厘清国际一线生产商的铁矿石盈亏平衡运营成本价格,本文对世界上最重要的条带状铁建造(BIF)矿产地——西澳哈默斯利盆地高品位赤铁矿矿床的矿化特征及代表性铁矿石产品展开系统研究,同时引入巴西铁四角地区的铁英岩型赤铁矿矿石作为对照,分析全球典型高品位赤铁矿矿石经济指标。结合前人研究成果,将西澳哈默斯利盆地与BIF相关的高品位赤铁矿的富集矿化类型划分为假象赤铁矿-针铁矿、微板状赤铁矿与河道沉积型赤铁矿,巴西铁四角主要为铁英岩型赤铁矿。上述各矿化类型对应的铁矿石产品的铁元素含量均高于56%;在杂质元素含量上,假象赤铁矿-针铁矿的磷含量高,微板状赤铁矿的磷、硫含量较高,河道沉积型赤铁矿的磷、硫含量较低,铁英岩型赤铁矿含锰。经定量估算,西澳力拓、必和必拓、FMG和巴西淡水河谷的铁矿石盈亏平衡运营成本价格分别为34.66、36.76、47.35、38.07美元/干吨,可为中国海外权益铁矿项目开发提供运营成本的参考。 相似文献
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中国查明铁矿资源储量的数量、
分布及保障程度分析 总被引:9,自引:3,他引:6
以中国2005年的铁矿资源储量库为基础, 以辽宁、河北、四川、山西、内蒙、北京、安徽、山东、湖北9省(市、区)为重点, 分析总结了我国查明铁矿区、累计查明铁资源储量和铁保有资源储量的数量和分布特点、占有情况及保障程度。结果表明:我国铁矿保有资源储量大, 在数量上是可以保障钢铁工业的需求的;这些保有资源储量中的大多数选矿容易, 开采利用在技术上是可行的;虽然我国铁矿资源总体上属贫矿, 但在当前市场价格如此之高的情况下, 开采利用是经济的。为了缓解目前铁矿石市场供不应求的局面, 减少对外依存度, 建议加大国内矿山开发力度, 提高铁矿石产量, 重点在辽宁鞍山?本溪地区、河北冀东?密云地区、四川西昌?攀枝花地区、安徽宁芜地区扩大采选能力。 相似文献
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为保证云南钢铁工业可持续发展,解决矿石资源的不足,从分析截止2002年底保有资源量数据入手,研究尚未上表的铁矿资源现状,发现全省上表98处产地保有的35.52亿t储量中,仅有7.91亿t为当前可应用储量。应从补勘升级上表D级储量(3亿t)、择优勘查未上表的矿区(2亿t)、试验-研究3类矿石的选矿回收(菱铁矿石1亿t,鲕状高磷赤铁矿石1亿t,高磷非鲕状赤铁矿石0.5亿t),合计可新增可应用矿石7.5亿t,加上已有的7.91亿t,可应用矿石最终达15.41亿t。再加上第二轮国土资源大调查铁矿的新发现,立足省内,扩大进口,必将缓解云南铁矿资源紧缺的现状。 相似文献
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我国铁矿资源多,但晶位低。随着国际钢铁工业竞争的加剧,炼钢技术的不断发展,我国大量低品位铁矿资源不适应钢铁工业的需求,富铁矿石进口量不断增多,对外进口依赖性增大。目前我国已成为世界第一大粗钢生产国、第一大铁矿石消费国和第二大铁矿石进口 相似文献
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Development and Utilization of the World’s and China’s Bulk Mineral Resources and their Supply and Demand Situation in the Next Twenty Years 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bulk mineral resources of iron ores, copper ores, bauxite, lead ores, zinc ores and potassium salt play a pivotal role on the world’s and China’s economic development. This study analyzed and predicted their resources base and potential, development and utilization and their world’s and China’s supply and demand situation in the future 20 years. The supply and demand of these six bulk mineral products are generally balanced, with a slight surplus, which will guarantee the stability of the international mineral commodity market supply. The six mineral resources(especially iron ores and copper ores) are abundant and have a great potential, and their development and utilization scale will gradually increase. Till the end of 2014, the reserveproduction ratio of iron, copper, bauxite, lead, zinc ores and potassium salt was 95 years, 42 years, 100 years, 17 years, 37 years and 170 years, respectively. Except lead ores, the other five types all have reserve-production ratio exceeding 20 years, indicative of a high resources guarantee degree. If the utilization of recycled metals is counted in, the supply of the world’s six mineral products will exceed the demand in the future twenty years. In 2015–2035, the supply of iron ores, refined copper, primary aluminum, refined lead, zinc and potassium salt will exceed their demand by 0.4–0.7 billion tons(Gt), 5.0–6.0 million tons(Mt), 1.1–8.9 Mt, 1.0–2.0 Mt, 1.2–2.0 Mt and 4.8–5.6 Mt, respectively. It is predicted that there is no problem with the supply side of bulk mineral products such as iron ores, but local or structural shortage may occur because of geopolitics, monopoly control, resources nationalism and trade friction. Affected by China’s compressed industrialized development model, the demand of iron ores(crude steel), potassium salt, refined lead, refined copper, bauxite(primary aluminum) and zinc will gradually reach their peak in advance. The demand peak of iron ores(crude steel) will reach around 2015, 2016 for potassium salt, 2020 for refined lead, 2021 for bauxite(primary aluminum), 2022 for refined copper and 2023 for zinc. China’s demand for iron ores(crude steel), bauxite(primary aluminum) and zinc in the future 20 years will decline among the world’s demand, while that for refined copper, refined lead and potassium salt will slightly increase. The demand for bulk mineral products still remains high. In 2015–2035, China’s accumulative demand for iron ores(crude steel) will be 20.313 Gt(13.429 Gt), 0.304 Gt for refined copper, 2.466 Gt(0.616 Gt) of bauxite(primary aluminum), 0.102 Gt of refined lead, 0.138 Gt of zinc and 0.157 Gt of potassium salt, and they account for the world’s YOY(YOY) accumulative demand of 35.17%, 51.09%, 48.47%, 46.62%, 43.95% and 21.84%, respectively. This proportion is 49.40%, 102.52%, 87.44%, 105.65%, 93.62% and 106.49% of that in 2014, respectively. From the supply side of China’s bulk mineral resources, it is forecasted that the accumulative supply of primary(mine) mineral products in 2015–2035 is 4.046 Gt of iron ores, 0.591 Gt of copper,1.129 Gt of bauxite, 63.661 Mt of(mine) lead, 0.109 Gt of(mine) zinc and 0.128 Gt of potassium salt, which accounts for 8.82%, 13.92%, 26.67%, 47.09%, 33.04% and 15.56% of the world’s predicted YOY production, respectively. With the rapid increase in the smelting capacity of iron and steel and alumina, the rate of capacity utilization for crude steel, refined copper, alumina, primary aluminum and refined lead in 2014 was 72.13%, 83.63%, 74.45%, 70.76% and 72.22%, respectively. During 2000–2014, the rate of capacity utilization for China’s crude steel and refined copper showed a generally fluctuating decrease, which leads to an insufficient supply of primary mineral products. It is forecasted that the supply insufficiency of iron ores in 2015–2035 is 17.44 Gt, 0.245 Gt of copper in copper concentrates, 1.337 Gt of bauxite, 38.44 Mt of lead in lead concentrates and 29.19 Mt of zinc in zinc concentrates. China has gradually raised the utilization of recycled metals, which has mitigated the insufficient supply of primary metal products to some extent. It is forecasted that in 2015–2035 the accumulative utilization amount of steel scrap(iron ores) is 3.27 Gt(5.08 Gt), 70.312 Mt of recycled copper, 0.2 Gt of recycled aluminum, 48 Mt of recycled lead and 7.7 Mt of recycled zinc. The analysis on the supply and demand situation of China’s bulk mineral resources in 2015–2035 suggests that the supply-demand contradiction for these six types of mineral products will decrease, indicative of a generally declining external dependency. If the use of recycled metal amount is counted in, the external dependency of China’s iron, copper, bauxite, lead, zinc and potassium salt will be 79%, 65%, 26%, 8%, 16% and 18% in 2014, respectively. It is predicted that this external dependency will decrease to 62%, 64%, 20%,-0.93%, 16% and 14% in 2020, respectively, showing an overall decreasing trend. We propose the following suggestions correspondingly.(1) The demand peak of China’s crude steel and potassium salt will reach during 2015–2023 in succession. Mining transformation should be planned and deployed in advance to deal with the arrival of this demand peak.(2) The supply-demand contradiction of China’s bulk mineral resources will mitigate in the future 20 years, and the external dependency will decrease accordingly. It is suggested to adjust the mineral resources management policies according to different minerals and regions, and regulate the exploration and development activities.(3) China should further establish and improve the forced mechanism of resolving the smelting overcapacity of steel, refined copper, primary aluminum, lead and zinc to really achieve the goal of "reducing excess production capacity".(4) In accordance with the national strategic deployment of "One Belt One Road", China should encourage the excess capacity of steel, copper, alumina and primary aluminum enterprises to transfer to those countries or areas with abundant resources, high energy matching degree and relatively excellent infrastructure. Based on the national conditions, mining condition and geopolitics of the resources countries, we will gradually build steel, copper, aluminum and lead-zinc smelting bases, and potash processing and production bases, which will promote the excess capacity to transfer to the overseas orderly.(5) It is proposed to strengthen the planning and management of renewable resources recycling and to construct industrial base of renewable metal recycling.(6) China should promote the comprehensive development and utilization of paragenetic and associated mineral species to further improve the comprehensive utilization of bulk mineral resources. 相似文献
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中国是全球铁矿石第一消费大国,每年进口铁矿石量已超过9亿t,进口量超过全球铁矿石贸易量的60%,对全球铁矿主要类型特征及重要分布区带总结和潜力分析研究具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文总结了全球铁矿资源的禀赋特征,将全球铁矿床分为BIF相关型、沉积型、火山成因型、岩浆型、接触交代-热液型(矽卡岩型)5种成因类型,重点总结分析了BIF相关型和火山成因型铁矿地质特征、成因和找矿标志等。根据铁矿床产出的大地构造单元、地层层序、含矿建造特征及矿床类型、成矿时代等综合因素,在全球主要大地构造单元中共圈出33个铁矿分布区,47个铁矿重要分布区带,并对各重要分布区带的资源潜力进行了探讨。 相似文献
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中国锰业存在的主要问题及对策建议 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着中国经济的发展,我国锰矿消费增长迅速,进口锰矿石量快速攀升,对外依存度已从2010年的47%攀升到2019年的82%,呈逐年上升的趋势。本文在系统收集并总结我国锰矿资源及开发利用现状、资源潜力及供需现状等资料的基础上,依据钢铁产量与锰矿消费之间的线性关系,对未来我国锰矿需求进行了预测,并对影响我国锰业安全的主要问题进行了梳理。针对存在的问题,提出了建立大中型锰矿资源基地、提高锰矿资源查明率、优化锰产业结构、降低锰资源消费、加大"走出去"力度,以及建立国家资源储备体系等对策建议,以此提高我国锰业安全保障程度,缓解我国锰矿资源供应不足的问题。在此基础上,在我国主要锰矿矿集区内,划分了重点勘查区,并提出了锰矿勘查工作部署建议。 相似文献
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Oil plays an important role in ensuring national energy security. It is of great significance for China’s energy policy-making to predict the future oil demand scientifically. Combined with the grey correlation analysis and combination model of ARIMA-BP neural network, data on six driving variables of China’s GDP, international oil price, energy consumption per unit GDP, industrial structure, urbanization rate and oil production in 1999-2018 were selected to predict China’s oil demand under different scenarios in 2020-2030. The results show that the selected driving variables are highly correlated with China’s oil demand, and the combined model is more accurate than the single model. From 2020 to 2030, China’s oil demand and import will continue to increase, but the growth rate will gradually slow down. Under the three scenarios, the predicted average oil demand in 2020, 2025 and 2030 will be 675.7703 million tons, 732.2725 million tons and 760.8155 million tons, respectively; the predicted average external dependence in 2020-2030 will be 76.19%, far exceeding the international warning line of 50%. The contradiction between China’s oil supply and demand will be more acute, and accordingly, some policy suggestions were put forward. 相似文献