广州市大气污染与气象条件关系的统计分析

利用地面天气图、高空天气图（850hPa、500hPa）以及气象要素资料，统计分析了2002-2004年广州市10个典型的空气污染过程与各种天气系统以及气象要素间的联系，得出了秋冬季、春季和夏季广州市大气污染与各种天气类型的一些关系，并对地面各种气象要素与污染过程的关系进行了半定量分析，得出了广州市大气污染过程的一些天气概念模型及气象要素指标。     

脑卒中与天气过程的关系

根据浙江人民医院急诊科１９８５－１９８９年１８４例脑卒中病例，结合杭州市气象要素和浙江省气象台历史天气图资料，以综合的动态观点，采用统计及合成分析方法，得出脑卒中易发时段与天气过程的基本关系，建立起概念模式，进而普查造成天气过程的主要天气系统和发病日的天气形势，可供在气象预报的基础上预测脑卒中易发时段，为医学气象预测咨询提供依据。     

影响上海市空气质量的地面天气类型及气象要素分析

地面天气形势及气象要素的变化在空气污染潜势预报中具有很好的指示作用。利用天气学原理将地面天气系统进行分型,探索研究不同地面天气类型对上海空气质量变化的影响。整理、分析2003—2005年地面天气类型和气象要素与空气质量的关系,发现:(1)上海秋冬季以大陆冷性高压系统移动为主,而夏季主要以副热带高压和台风影响为主,春季是冬季与夏季之间的过渡,天气系统转换较为频繁。(2)春、秋、冬季易引起上海市空气污染的天气类型有L型高压、高压、高压前和均压场4种地面天气类型,与空气质量优等级相对应的天气类型是低压槽、高压底和高压后。夏季空气质量优等级对应的天气类型主要有台风、高压(副高)和低压槽。(3)秋冬季节典型天气过程一般经历高压前(或冷空气)→L型高压→高压→高压后(或高压底)→低压槽的转换,PM10浓度变化也表现为先升后降。(4)气象要素的变化也与空气污染存在密切联系,气压与空气污染物的关系为正相关,而气温、相对湿度和风速与空气污染物浓度呈负相关。     

福州市空气污染浓度预报方法

根据福州站１９９５～１９９８年探空和地面资料,计算出影响污染物浓度的１１个地面气象要素和９个大气层结参量,将它们和福州市１９９５～１９９８年ＳＯ２、ＮＯＸ、ＴＳＰ浓度建立一系列回归方程,利用该回归方程对１９９９年２～８月空气污染物进行逐日等级预报,天气形势分类对应关系进行补充订正得出预报等级,并与实测各污染物浓度等级进行对比。     

毕节地区2004-05-03强降温天气过程分析

根据常规的高低空天气图和数值预报产品,对2004年5月3日我区受强冷空气影响而出现的强降温天气过程进行总结分析,得出强降温天气与高空槽、低涡切变和地面冷锋等系统的活动密切相关的结论.     

武汉市空气污染状况及其与气象条件的关系

利用2002年全年的SO2、NO2、PM10的逐日平均浓度资料和武汉市观象台地面四个时次、高空两个时次的观测资料及2002年的历史天气图资料,对武汉市空气污染状况及其与气象条件的关系进行了天气气候学和动力统计学分析．结果表明：武汉市的主要污染物为PM10,其次为SO2;冬季各污染物的平均浓度最高,其次为秋季,夏季最低,冬季各污染物与气象要素的相关性最好。我国北方沙尘暴天气过程、地面冷空气从河西走廊南下影响武汉地区时,在一定的高空系统配合下会对武汉市空气质量造成严重影响。     

毕节地区2004-05-03强降温天气分析

根据常规的高低空天气图和数值预报产品，对2004年5月3日我区受强冷空气影响而出现的强降温天气过程进行总结分析，得出强降温天气与高空槽、低涡切变和地面冷锋等系统的活动密切相关的结论。     

适合人工增雨作业的东北冷涡天气气候特征分析

利用天气图资料普查1980～1999年中6～8月出现的86次冷涡天气过程及与冷涡配合的地面天气系统8种类型 ,归纳出冷空气的不同路径与不同类型的天气系统 ,分析得出适合人工增雨作业的不同降水形势场     

2006—2008年秋季广州市重大气污染过程特征研究

利用地面图、高空天气图(850 hPa、500 hPa)以及气象要素对2006—2008年秋季(9—11月)广州市4次典型的大气污染过程进行研究,分析其大气污染过程的特征及其相对应的天气系统、与气象要素之间的关系。结果表明,广州市秋季重大气污染多数发生在:(1)广州受冷空气影响或回暖期,持续小风或出现静风会导致污染物大量积聚,且多出现能见度明显下降;(2)由于偏北风的输送作用,处于下风向的万顷沙站较易出现重大气污染过程,表现出明显的区域性污染输送特征;(3)冷高压脊、回流天气形势、台风外围下沉气流影响期间;(4)近地面层出现逆温层或等温层。     

2005年夏季高温天气成因分析

根据河池气象站2005年7-8月逐日高空探测资料及地面、500hPa、850hPa实况天气图资料,利用天气学方法,重点分析2005年河池市夏季7-8月份出现高温天气的原因。结果表明:前期单站气象要素变化、副热带高压稳定维持及台风路经偏东与河池市夏季持续高温天气有密切关系。     

北京一次局地重污染过程气象条件分析

2004年10月7日至10日，北京出现了一次明显的持续重污染过程，这次污染过程持续时间之长、污染程度之重是近4年来同期最大的。为了了解造成这次持续重污染过程的原因，利用同期污染指数、常规气象观测资料、探空资料及自动站气象资料，对这一期间的空气污染气象条件进行了较为详细的分析。结果表明，这次持续重污染过程是由本地的污染源和大尺度的天气背景与局地的气象条件共同造成的。     

石家庄市污染日特征及其天气背景分析

对石家庄市2002年1月到2004年12月空气质量达到中度及以上典型污染日进行了统计分析,得出典型污染日的分布特点、对应的气象要素特征及3种天气型。结果表明:典型污染日多出现在采暖季节,出现时间具有相对连续性;污染日分为沙尘和非沙尘两类,气象要素特征前者表现为风速大、湿度小、多正变压等锋后特征;后者则表现为地面风小、湿度高、多逆温层、大里查逊数等稳定大气层结,这些均为锋前特征;还侧重指出由于石家庄的特殊地形作用,高压前部型是石家庄重污染出现几率最多的天气类型。并由此提炼出中度以上污染日的预报要点,可供空气质量预报业务参考。     

影响北京大气污染物变化的地面天气形势分析

首先对影响北京地区大气污染扩散的地面天气形势进行了分类，然后结合1998－2000年北京南郊观象台的地面、高空资料，重点分析了在各类地面天气形势控制下北京地区局地低空、地面的气象条件特征。发现当低压类地面天气形势控制时，容易引起污染物在北京地区的汇聚和累积。比较各类地面天气形势对二氧化硫（SO2）、二氧化氮（NO）、可吸入颗粒物（PM10）、一氧化碳（CO）浓度的影响，说明同一种天气形势对不同污染的影响程度不同，进一步证实了在低压类地面天气形势控制时，容易出现重污染。     

冬季一次南支槽活动对川南城市群空气重污染过程影响研究

针对四川盆地大气污染防治工作的需要,应用2016年12月26日至2017年1月11日川南城市群(宜宾、自贡、泸州、内江、乐山)大气污染物浓度观测数据和气象数据,采用数理统计和污染天气诊断分析等方法,分析了这次川南城市群跨年度空气重污染过程的污染变化特征及其气象成因.结果表明:南支槽加强并引导其槽前西南干暖气流北上,致使...     

Differences in Meteorological Conditions between Days with Persistent and Non-Persistent Pollution in Beijing,China

We compared the regional synoptic patterns and local meteorological conditions during persistent and non-persistent pollution events in Beijing using US NCEP–Department of Energy reanalysis outputs and observations from meteorological stations. The analysis focused on the impacts of high-frequency (period < 90 days) variations in meteorological conditions on persistent pollution events (those lasting for at least 3 days). Persistent pollution events tended to occur in association with slow-moving weather systems producing stagnant weather conditions, whereas rapidly moving weather systems caused a dramatic change in the local weather conditions so that the pollution event was short-lived. Although Beijing was under the influence of anomalous southerly winds in all four seasons during pollution events, notable differences were identified in the regional patterns of sea-level pressure and local anomalies in relative humidity among persistent pollution events in different seasons. A region of lower pressure was present to the north of Beijing in spring, fall, and winter, whereas regions of lower and higher pressures were observed northwest and southeast of Beijing, respectively, in summer. The relative humidity near Beijing was higher in fall and winter, but lower in spring and summer. These differences may explain the seasonal dependence of the relationship between air pollution and the local meteorological variables. Our analysis showed that the temperature inversion in the lower troposphere played an important part in the occurrence of air pollution under stagnant weather conditions. Some results from this study are based on a limited number of events and thus require validation using more data.     

Relationships between Synoptic Climatology and Atmospheric Pollution at 4 US Cities

Summary  An evaluation of the impacts of weather on pollution, specifically, ozone and total suspended particulates concentration for Summer, is examined in four cities in the U.S.: Birmingham, Cleveland, Philadelphia, and Seattle. These cities were selected because of their different climate regimes and their generally good pollutant and meteorological datasets. This paper uses a synoptic climatological approach, which combines a number of atmospheric factors, to better identify the relationships between atmospheric pollution and climatological conditions. Synoptic events represent holistic units of atmospheric conditions which commonly occur at a given locale, and possess specific weather and pollution characteristics. A number of weather variables, including temperature, are used in the development of a synoptic index, which can be used to identify synoptic events associated with specific pollution episodes. Results from the analysis illustrate that there is a substantial difference in pollution loads under different synoptic patterns, and that the cities do have substantially different relationships. Information from this study could be used to assist in the analysis of the differential impacts of weather and pollution upon human morbidity. Specific information as to the linkages between the synoptic weather patterns, pollution concentrations, and human health could be used in the development of weather/health watch-warning systems to alert the public that a synoptic episode is imminent. Received September 18, 1998     

Synoptic Typing and Its Application for Evaluating Climatic Impact on Air Quality in Urumqi

An automated procedure employing principal-component analysis and a two-stage cluster analysis was developed to classify the synoptic meteorological conditions prevailing over Urumqi, one of the most heavily polluted cities in the world. Six clusters representing different circulation patterns and air-mass characteristics were classified using surface- and upper-meteorological variables during the heating period from 2001 to 2008, and the relationships between synoptic clusters and air quality were evaluated. The heaviest air-pollution episodes occurred when Urumqi was in either an extremely cold, strong anticyclone or at the front of a migrating cyclone, both with light winds, wet surface air, and relatively dry upper air. Moderate pollution was seen when Urumqi was in the pre-cold/cold frontal passages with lower temperatures and light winds or moderate anticyclone with relatively warmer, drier air. When Urumqi was at the front of a migrating anticyclone or in a weak anticyclone with moderate winds and most warm, dry air, or in the cold/post-cold frontal passages with relatively strongly northerly airflows and precipitation, relatively good air quality could be seen. These results suggest that air pollution in Urumqi is very closely related to the synoptic meteorological conditions, which provides an important basis for not only the prediction and control of urban air-quality problems here but also for the analysis of the differential impacts of weather and pollution on human morbidity.     

2014—2016年开封市空气污染特征及重污染过程气象成因分析

利用2014-2016年高空、地面气象资料和大气环境监测资料,分析了开封市空气质量特征及10次连续性重度污染过程天气形势。结果表明:2014-2016年,开封市空气质量整体呈转好趋势,优良率由53%增加到67%,污染时数由47%下降至33%,轻度污染和中度污染时数下降明显;重污染日主要出现在1月、11月和12月,其中1月出现重污染日和连续性重污染过程次数最多;3年内共出现连续性重污染过程23次,最长持续日数达6 d;开封市重污染天气主要受PM2.5和PM10浓度变化影响,PM2.5和PM10浓度具有明显的季和日变化特征,平均浓度最高值主要出现在秋冬季和09时。重污染过程期间的500 hPa形势中,平直纬向环流型出现次数最多,占总次数的63%;其次为低槽型,出现次数占21%;西北气流型出现次数最少,占16%。地面气压场形势主要分为4类:1)高压前部型,出现重污染次数最多,占总次数的55%;2)均压场型,出现次数占25%;3)低压带型占16%;4)高压后部型出现次数最少,仅占4%。当上游地区有较严重污染时,本地污染物浓度将快速升高,区域传输作用明显。